Journal of Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
271(8), P. 5671 - 5686
Published: June 19, 2024
Abstract
Valproate
is
the
most
effective
medication
for
generalised
epilepsies,
and
several
specific
epilepsy
syndromes.
For
some
people,
it
will
be
only
to
establish
seizure
remission,
withdrawing
carries
risks
of
recurrence
Sudden
Unexpected
Death
in
Epilepsy
(SUDEP).
It
also
proven
efficacy
bipolar
disorder
migraine
prevention.
Guidelines
based
on
observational
epidemiological
studies
stress
that
maternal
valproate
related
teratogenicity
neurodevelopmental
effects
are
significantly
higher
than
other
antiseizure
medications
(ASMs).
should,
therefore,
used
if
ineffective
after
balancing
risk.
Regulatory
restrictions
have
changed
prescribing
practices
reduced
use.
The
number
must
trialled
different
conditions
which
has
effectiveness
consequences
lack
those
drugs
leading
significant
harm
including
death
remains
unexplored.
Risk
minimisation
measures
(RMMs)
valproate,
chiefly
Pregnancy
Prevention
(PPP),
consider
foetal
risk
not
people
living
with
epilepsy.
In
United
Kingdom
(UK),
limitations
relating
use
all
<
55
years
commenced
January
2024.
While
evidence
child-bearing
women
disputed,
data
males
animal
models,
case
reports,
one
commissioned,
unpublished,
non-peer
reviewed
report
unavailable
UK
public,
stakeholder
charities
or
professionals.
Evidence
suggests
30–40%
switching
from
breakthrough
seizures.
Thus,
an
estimated
21,000–28000
imminently
exposed
potential
hazards
seizures,
death.
There
little
government
investment
monitoring
these
changes
patient
health
quality
life.
This
review
summarises
history
regulation,
underpinning
argues
how
latest
regulations
do
align
country’s
medical
regulatory
bodies
ethical
principles
nor
Montgomery
informed
choice
autonomy.
dissects
such
infringe
Common
Law
principles,
give
due
regard
outcomes
beyond
reproduction.
paper
looks
provide
recommendations
redress
concerns
while
appreciating
core
need
governance
emerge
first
place.
Bipolar Disorders,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
20(2), P. 97 - 170
Published: March 1, 2018
The
Canadian
Network
for
Mood
and
Anxiety
Treatments
(CANMAT)
previously
published
treatment
guidelines
bipolar
disorder
in
2005,
along
with
international
commentaries
subsequent
updates
2007,
2009,
2013.
last
two
were
collaboration
the
International
Society
Bipolar
Disorders
(ISBD).
These
2018
CANMAT
ISBD
Treatment
Guidelines
represent
significant
advances
field
since
full
edition
was
including
to
diagnosis
management
as
well
new
research
into
pharmacological
psychological
treatments.
have
been
translated
clear
easy
use
recommendations
first,
second,
third-
line
treatments,
consideration
given
levels
of
evidence
efficacy,
clinical
support
based
on
experience,
consensus
ratings
safety,
tolerability,
treatment-emergent
switch
risk.
New
these
guidelines,
hierarchical
rankings
created
first
second-
treatments
recommended
acute
mania,
depression,
maintenance
I
disorder.
Created
by
considering
impact
each
across
all
phases
illness,
this
hierarchy
will
further
assist
clinicians
making
evidence-based
decisions.
Lithium,
quetiapine,
divalproex,
asenapine,
aripiprazole,
paliperidone,
risperidone,
cariprazine
alone
or
combination
are
first-line
mania.
First-line
options
depression
include
lurasidone
plus
lithium
lithium,
lamotrigine,
lurasidone,
adjunctive
lamotrigine.
While
medications
that
shown
be
effective
phase
should
generally
continued
disorder,
there
some
exceptions
(such
antidepressants);
available
data
suggest
aripiprazole
monotherapy
considered
those
initiating
switching
during
phase.
In
addition
addressing
issues
also
provide
an
overview
of,
for,
II
advice
specific
populations,
such
women
at
various
stages
reproductive
cycle,
children
adolescents,
older
adults.
There
discussions
psychiatric
medical
comorbidities
substance
use,
anxiety,
metabolic
disorders.
Finally,
related
safety
monitoring
is
provided.
groups
hope
become
a
valuable
tool
practitioners
globe.
Journal of Psychopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
30(6), P. 495 - 553
Published: March 15, 2016
The
British
Association
for
Psychopharmacology
guidelines
specify
the
scope
and
target
of
treatment
bipolar
disorder.
second
version,
like
first,
is
based
explicitly
on
available
evidence
presented,
previous
Clinical
Practice
guidelines,
as
recommendations
to
aid
clinical
decision
making
practitioners:
they
may
also
serve
a
source
information
patients
carers.
are
presented
together
with
more
detailed
but
selective
qualitative
review
evidence.
A
consensus
meeting,
involving
experts
in
disorder
its
treatment,
reviewed
key
areas
considered
strength
implications.
were
drawn
up
after
extensive
feedback
from
participants
interested
parties.
supporting
was
rated.
cover
diagnosis
disorder,
management,
strategies
use
medicines
episodes,
relapse
prevention
stopping
treatment.
American Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2004,
Volume and Issue:
161(1), P. 3 - 18
Published: Jan. 1, 2004
OBJECTIVE:
The
term
"mood
stabilizer"
is
widely
used
in
the
context
of
treating
bipolar
disorder,
but
U.S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
does
not
officially
recognize
term,
no
consensus
definition
accepted
among
investigators.
authors
propose
a
"two-by-two"
by
which
an
agent
considered
mood
stabilizer
if
it
has
efficacy
acute
manic
depressive
symptoms
prophylaxis
disorder.
They
review
literature
on
agents
any
these
four
roles
to
determine
meet
this
stabilizer.
METHOD:
conducted
comprehensive
English-language
describing
peer-reviewed,
Agency
for
Healthcare
Research
Quality
class
A
controlled
trials
order
identify
with
included
their
were
classified
as
positive
or
negative
basis
primary
outcome
variables.
An
"FDA-like"
criterion
at
least
two
placebo-controlled
was
required
consider
efficacious.
also
sensitivity
analysis
raising
relaxing
criteria
including
review.
RESULTS:
identified
551
candidate
articles,
yielding
111
trials,
81
monotherapy
95
independent
analyses
published
through
June
2002.
Lithium,
valproate,
olanzapine
had
unequivocal
evidence
episodes,
lithium
episodes
mania
depression,
lamotrigine
(relapse
polarity
unspecified).
Thus,
only
fulfilled
priori
Relaxing
quality
did
change
finding,
while
threshold
resulted
fulfilling
definition.
CONCLUSIONS:
When
all
treatment
are
considered,
supported
role
first-line
highlights
unmet
needs
promising
provides
yardstick
evaluating
new
strategies.
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
49(12), P. 1087 - 1206
Published: Dec. 1, 2015
Objectives:
To
provide
guidance
for
the
management
of
mood
disorders,
based
on
scientific
evidence
supplemented
by
expert
clinical
consensus
and
formulate
recommendations
to
maximise
salience
utility.
Methods:
Articles
information
sourced
from
search
engines
including
PubMed
EMBASE,
MEDLINE,
PsycINFO
Google
Scholar
were
literature
known
disorders
committee
(MDC)
(e.g.,
books,
book
chapters
government
reports)
published
depression
bipolar
disorder
guidelines.
Information
was
reviewed
discussed
members
MDC
findings
then
formulated
into
consensus-based
guidance.
The
guidelines
subjected
rigorous
successive
consultation
external
review
involving:
advisors,
public,
key
stakeholders,
professional
bodies
specialist
groups
with
interest
in
disorders.
Results:
Royal
Australian
New
Zealand
College
Psychiatrists
practice
(Mood
Disorders
CPG)
up-to-date
advice
regarding
that
is
informed
experience.
Mood
CPG
intended
use
psychiatrists,
psychologists,
physicians
others
an
mental
health
care.
Conclusions:
Disorder
first
Clinical
Practice
Guideline
address
both
depressive
It
provides
within
evidence-based
framework,
consensus.
Committee:
Professor
Gin
Malhi
(Chair),
Darryl
Bassett,
Philip
Boyce,
Richard
Bryant,
Paul
Fitzgerald,
Dr
Kristina
Fritz,
Malcolm
Hopwood,
Bill
Lyndon,
Roger
Mulder,
Greg
Murray,
Porter
Associate
Ajeet
Singh.
International
advisors:
Carlo
Altamura,
Francesco
Colom,
Mark
George,
Guy
Goodwin,
McIntyre,
Ng,
John
O’Brien,
Harold
Sackeim,
Jan
Scott,
Nobuhiro
Sugiyama,
Eduard
Vieta,
Lakshmi
Yatham.
Marie-Paule
Austin,
Michael
Berk,
Yulisha
Byrow,
Helen
Christensen,
Nick
De
Felice,
A/Professor
Seetal
Dodd,
Megan
Galbally,
Josh
Geffen,
Hazell,
David
Horgan,
Felice
Jacka,
Gordon
Johnson,
Anthony
Jorm,
Jon-Paul
Khoo,
Jayashri
Kulkarni,
Cameron
Lacey,
Noeline
Latt,
Florence
Levy,
Andrew
Lewis,
Colleen
Loo,
Thomas
Mayze,
Linton
Meagher,
Mitchell,
Daniel
O’Connor,
Tim
Outhred,
Rowe,
Narelle
Shadbolt,
Martien
Snellen,
Tiller,
Watkins,
Raymond
Wu.
New England Journal of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
368(17), P. 1594 - 1602
Published: March 21, 2013
Overweight
and
obesity
are
epidemic
among
persons
with
serious
mental
illness,
yet
weight-loss
trials
systematically
exclude
this
vulnerable
population.
Lifestyle
interventions
require
adaptation
in
group
because
psychiatric
symptoms
cognitive
impairment
highly
prevalent.
Our
objective
was
to
determine
the
effectiveness
of
an
18-month
tailored
behavioral
intervention
adults
illness.We
recruited
overweight
or
obese
from
10
community
rehabilitation
outpatient
programs
randomly
assigned
them
a
control
group.
Participants
received
individual
weight-management
sessions
exercise
sessions.
Weight
change
assessed
at
6,
12,
18
months.Of
291
participants
who
underwent
randomization,
58.1%
had
schizophrenia
schizoaffective
disorder,
22.0%
bipolar
12.0%
major
depression.
At
baseline,
mean
body-mass
index
(the
weight
kilograms
divided
by
square
height
meters)
36.3,
102.7
kg
(225.9
lb).
Data
on
months
were
obtained
279
participants.
loss
increased
progressively
over
study
period
differed
significantly
each
follow-up
visit.
months,
between-group
difference
(change
minus
group)
-3.2
(-7.0
lb,
P=0.002);
37.8%
lost
5%
more
their
initial
weight,
as
compared
22.7%
those
(P=0.009).
There
no
significant
differences
adverse
events.A
reduced
illness.
Given
weight-related
disease
our
findings
support
implementation
targeted
high-risk
(Funded
National
Institute
Mental
Health;
ACHIEVE
ClinicalTrials.gov
number,
NCT00902694.).
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
200(2), P. 97 - 106
Published: Feb. 1, 2012
The
efficacy
of
psychopharmacological
treatments
has
been
called
into
question.
Psychiatrists
are
unfamiliar
with
the
effectiveness
common
medical
drugs.To
put
psychiatric
drugs
perspective
that
major
drugs.We
searched
Medline
and
Cochrane
Library
for
systematic
reviews
on
compared
placebo
disorders,
systematically
presented
effect
sizes
primary
outcomes.We
included
94
meta-analyses
(48
in
20
diseases,
16
8
disorders).
There
were
some
general
clearly
higher
than
psychotropic
agents,
but
not
generally
less
efficacious
other
drugs.Any
comparison
different
outcomes
diseases
can
only
serve
purpose
a
qualitative
perspective.
increment
improvement
by
drug
over
must
be
viewed
context
disease's
seriousness,
suffering
induced,
natural
course,
duration,
outcomes,
adverse
events
societal
values.
Bipolar Disorders,
Journal Year:
2005,
Volume and Issue:
7(s3), P. 5 - 69
Published: June 1, 2005
Since
the
previous
publication
of
Canadian
Network
for
Mood
and
Anxiety
Treatments
(CANMAT)
guidelines
in
1997,
there
has
been
a
substantial
increase
evidence‐based
treatment
options
bipolar
disorder.
The
present
review
new
evidence
use
criteria
to
rate
strength
incorporate
effectiveness,
safety,
tolerability
data
determine
global
clinical
recommendations
various
phases
suggest
that
although
pharmacotherapy
forms
cornerstone
management,
utilization
adjunctive
psychosocial
treatments
incorporation
chronic
disease
management
model
involving
healthcare
team
are
required
providing
optimal
patients
with
Lithium,
valproate
several
atypical
antipsychotics
first‐line
acute
mania.
Bipolar
depression
mixed
states
frequently
associated
suicidal
acts;
therefore
assessment
suicide
should
always
be
an
integral
part
managing
any
patient.
lamotrigine
or
combinations
antidepressant
mood‐stabilizing
agents
depression.
First‐line
maintenance
disorder
lithium,
lamotrigine,
olanzapine.
Historical
symptom
profiles
help
selection.
With
growing
recognition
II
disorders,
it
is
anticipated
larger
body
will
become
available
guide
this
common
disabling
condition.
These
also
discuss
issues
related
women
those
comorbidity
include
section
on
safety
monitoring.