Synthesising quantitative evidence in systematic reviews of complex health interventions

BMJ Global Health, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(Suppl 1), P. e000858 - e000858

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Public health and service interventions are typically complex: they multifaceted, with impacts at multiple levels on stakeholders. Systematic reviews evaluating the effects of complex can be challenging to conduct. This paper is part a special series papers considering these challenges particularly in context WHO guideline development. We outline established innovative methods for synthesising quantitative evidence within systematic review intervention, including considerations complexity system into which intervention introduced. describe three broad areas: non-quantitative approaches, tabulation, narrative graphical approaches; standard meta-analysis methods, meta-regression investigate study-level moderators effect; advanced synthesis models allow exploration components, investigation both mediators, examination mechanisms, complexities system. offer guidance choice approach that might taken by people collating support development, emphasise appropriate will depend purpose synthesis, similarity studies included review, level detail available from studies, nature results reported expertise team resources available.

Language: Английский

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Seniors and Sustenance: A Scoping Review on Food Security in the Elderly

Advances in Human Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Abstract The issue of food security amongst older people is a growing concern, as ageing populations face unique challenges that impact their access to adequate nutrition. This scoping review aims explore and synthesise existing literature on in later life, identifying key factors contributing insecurity seniors highlighting interventions can enhance access. By employing systematic approach based Arksey O’Malley’s framework, this study examines research from multiple databases, focussing studies published the past decade. findings reveal multifaceted problem influenced by socio-economic status, health limitations, social isolation geographic barriers. Elderly individuals often encounter mobility issues hinder ability procure food, while fixed incomes rising costs exacerbate nutritious options. In addition, identifies successful community-based programmes policy initiatives have shown promise addressing these challenges, emphasising importance tailored consider specific needs people. analysis highlights significant gaps current literature, particularly areas culturally sensitive long-term effects mental health. Furthermore, role technology mitigating presents promising yet underexplored avenue for future research. underscores critical need comprehensive strategies integrating policy, community support technological innovations effectively combat seniors. issues, stakeholders improve overall quality life outcomes elderly population, ensuring nutritional are met sustainably.

Language: Английский

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Acute and chronic exposure to air pollution in relation with incidence, prevalence, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a rapid systematic review

Environmental Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: April 10, 2021

Abstract Background Air pollution is one of the world’s leading mortality risk factors contributing to seven million deaths annually. COVID-19 pandemic has claimed about in less than a year. However, it unclear whether exposure acute and chronic air influences epidemiologic curve. Methods We searched for relevant studies listed six electronic databases between December 2019 September 2020. applied no language or publication status limits. Studies presented as original articles, that assessed risk, incidence, prevalence, lethality relation with either short-term long-term ambient were included. All patients regardless age, sex location diagnosed having any severity taken into consideration. synthesised results using harvest plots based on effect direction. Results Included cross-sectional ( n = 10), retrospective cohorts 9), ecological 6 which two time-series) hypothesis (n 1). Of these studies, 52 48% pollutant exposure, respectively evaluated both. Pollutants mostly studied PM 2.5 (64%), NO 2 (50%), 10 (43%) O 3 (29%) effects (85%), (39%) (23%) then (15%) effects. Most outcomes incidence rate. Acutely, pollutants independently associated first , (only incident cases). Chronically, similar relationships found . High overall bias judgments (86 39% respectively) was predominantly due failure adjust aggregated data important confounders, lesser extent because lack comparative analysis. Conclusion The body evidence indicates both can affect epidemiology. higher level existing compared moderate exposure. Public health interventions help minimize anthropogenic source socio-economic injustice/disparities may reduce planetary threat posed by pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations - an overview of systematic reviews

Cochrane library, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2018(11)

Published: Nov. 9, 2018

Language: Английский

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Community-level interventions for improving access to food in low- and middle-income countries

Cochrane library, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2020(8)

Published: Aug. 5, 2020

Language: Английский

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Community-level interventions for improving access to food in low- and middle-income countries

Cochrane library, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 28, 2020

Language: Английский

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Impact of social protection on gender equality in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review of reviews

Campbell Systematic Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(2)

Published: May 25, 2022

Background More than half of the global population is not effectively covered by any type social protection benefit and women's coverage lags behind. Most girls boys living in low-resource settings have no effective coverage. Interest these essential programmes low middle-income rising context COVID-19 pandemic value for all has been undoubtedly confirmed. However, evidence on whether impact different (social assistance, insurance care services labour market programmes) differs gender consistently analysed. Evidence needed structural contextual factors that determine differential impacts. Questions remain as to programme outcomes vary according intervention implementation design. Objectives This systematic review aims collect, appraise, synthesise from available reviews impacts countries. It answers following questions: 1. What known gender-differentiated countries? 2. about impacts? 3. existing design features their association with outcomes? Search Methods We searched published grey literature 19 bibliographic databases libraries. The search techniques used were subject searching, reference list checking, citation searching expert consultations. All searches conducted between 10 February 1 March 2021 retrieve within last years language restrictions. Selection Criteria included synthesised qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods studies analysed women, men, girls, age investigated one more types effects interventions six core outcome areas equality: economic security empowerment, health, education, mental health psychosocial wellbeing, safety voice agency. Data Collection Analysis A total 6265 records identified. After removing duplicates, 5250 screened independently simultaneously two reviewers based title abstract 298 full texts assessed eligibility. Another 48 records, identified through initial scoping exercise, consultations experts also screened. includes 70 high moderate quality reviews, representing a 3289 121 extracted data interest: population, intervention, methodology, appraisal, findings each research question. pooled effect sizes equality meta-analyses. methodological was assessed, framework synthesis method. To estimate degree overlap, we created matrices calculated corrected area. Main Results examined programme. majority assistance (77%, N = 54), 40% (N 28) programmes, 11% 8) focused 9% 6) interventions. Health most researched (e.g., maternal health; 70%, 49) area, followed empowerment savings; 39%, 27) education school enrolment attendance; 24%, 17). Five key consistent across areas: (1) Although pre-existing differences should be considered, tend report higher women comparison men boys; (2) Women are likely save, invest share benefits but lack family support barrier participation retention programmes; (3) Social explicit objectives demonstrate without broad objectives; (4) While point negative adverse unintended attributed features. there one-size-fits-all approaches need gender-responsive adapted; (5) Direct investment individuals families' needs accompanied efforts strengthen child systems. may increase participation, savings, investments, utilisation contraception use among attendance girls. They reduce pregnancies young risky sexual behaviour, symptoms sexually transmitted infections women. sexual, reproductive, services, knowledge reproductive improve changes attitudes towards planning; rates inclusive early initiation breastfeeding decrease poor physical wellbeing mothers. Labour receiving benefits, ownership assets, earning capacity infections, self-reported condom nutrition overall household dietary intake, subjective needed. Authors' Conclusions effectiveness gaps remain, current programmatic interests matched rigorous base demonstrating how appropriately implement Advancing entails moving beyond test packages combinations equality. Systematic investigating old pensions parental leave Voice agency under-researched areas.

Language: Английский

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What is wrong with biofortification

Global Food Security, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37, P. 100689 - 100689

Published: April 13, 2023

Malnutrition is now the leading avoidable cause of death and disability in world. One aspect malnutrition hidden hunger, a lack micronutrients diet resulting poor health that may not manifest for months or years. form so-called biofortification – breeding staple crops to contain higher levels vitamins minerals has received much praise as potential solution more than $500 million funding over past two decades. We show delivered on its promises an associated yield penalty means it never be able to. It likely investment starved difficult, although ultimately sustainable, efforts improve overall quality diets. Meeting Sustainable Development Goal No. 2 will depend holistic improvement culturally acceptable

Language: Английский

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Double‐ and triple‐duty actions in childhood for addressing the global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change: A scoping review

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4)

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Summary Obesity, undernutrition, and climate change constitute a global syndemic that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including children. Double‐ triple‐duty actions simultaneously address these pandemics are needed to prevent further health, economic, environmental consequences. Evidence describing the implementation evaluation of such is lacking. This review summarized literature on whole‐of‐population targeting children were designed or adapted be double triple duty. Six academic databases searched (January 2015–March 2021) using terms related ‘children’, ‘intervention’, ‘nutrition’, ‘physical activity’, ‘climate change’. Data extracted from 43/15,475 studies, six randomized controlled trials. Most (58%) described food systems in schools as implementing guidelines for healthier environmentally sustainable school meals programs, 51% reported engaging community design, implementation, and/or actions. Changes dietary intake, diet composition, greenhouse gas emissions, waste most frequently outcomes 21 studies (three trials) showed positive double‐ effects. first demonstrate addressing childhood have been implemented can impact obesity, change.

Language: Английский

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Meta-review of child and adolescent experiences and consequences of food insecurity

Global Food Security, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41, P. 100767 - 100767

Published: May 25, 2024

We conducted a meta-review of consequences associated with food insecurity for children and adolescents, how these occur, what evidence is available that associations between child outcomes are causal. A systematic search in five databases identified 55 studies on adolescent potential consequences. Extensive literature accumulated over nearly 30 years has profound growth, diet, health, psychological development adolescents who experience insecurity. Many consequences, particularly academic performance, behavior development, mental will affect the readiness adulthood occur regardless setting.

Language: Английский

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