The state of food systems worldwide in the countdown to 2030

Nature Food, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(12), P. 1090 - 1110

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Abstract This Analysis presents a recently developed food system indicator framework and holistic monitoring architecture to track transformation towards global development, health sustainability goals. Five themes are considered: (1) diets, nutrition health; (2) environment, natural resources production; (3) livelihoods, poverty equity; (4) governance; (5) resilience. Each theme is divided into three five domains, indicators were selected reflect each domain through consultative process. In total, 50 selected, with at least one available for every domain. Harmonized data of these provide baseline assessment the world’s systems. We show that country can claim positive outcomes in some parts systems, but none among highest ranked across all domains. Furthermore, independent national income, highlights specific aspiration healthy, sustainable just The Food Systems Countdown Initiative will systems annually 2030, amending as new or better emerge.

Language: Английский

---

Impact of social protection on gender equality in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review of reviews

Campbell Systematic Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(2)

Published: May 25, 2022

Background More than half of the global population is not effectively covered by any type social protection benefit and women's coverage lags behind. Most girls boys living in low-resource settings have no effective coverage. Interest these essential programmes low middle-income rising context COVID-19 pandemic value for all has been undoubtedly confirmed. However, evidence on whether impact different (social assistance, insurance care services labour market programmes) differs gender consistently analysed. Evidence needed structural contextual factors that determine differential impacts. Questions remain as to programme outcomes vary according intervention implementation design. Objectives This systematic review aims collect, appraise, synthesise from available reviews impacts countries. It answers following questions: 1. What known gender-differentiated countries? 2. about impacts? 3. existing design features their association with outcomes? Search Methods We searched published grey literature 19 bibliographic databases libraries. The search techniques used were subject searching, reference list checking, citation searching expert consultations. All searches conducted between 10 February 1 March 2021 retrieve within last years language restrictions. Selection Criteria included synthesised qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods studies analysed women, men, girls, age investigated one more types effects interventions six core outcome areas equality: economic security empowerment, health, education, mental health psychosocial wellbeing, safety voice agency. Data Collection Analysis A total 6265 records identified. After removing duplicates, 5250 screened independently simultaneously two reviewers based title abstract 298 full texts assessed eligibility. Another 48 records, identified through initial scoping exercise, consultations experts also screened. includes 70 high moderate quality reviews, representing a 3289 121 extracted data interest: population, intervention, methodology, appraisal, findings each research question. pooled effect sizes equality meta-analyses. methodological was assessed, framework synthesis method. To estimate degree overlap, we created matrices calculated corrected area. Main Results examined programme. majority assistance (77%, N = 54), 40% (N 28) programmes, 11% 8) focused 9% 6) interventions. Health most researched (e.g., maternal health; 70%, 49) area, followed empowerment savings; 39%, 27) education school enrolment attendance; 24%, 17). Five key consistent across areas: (1) Although pre-existing differences should be considered, tend report higher women comparison men boys; (2) Women are likely save, invest share benefits but lack family support barrier participation retention programmes; (3) Social explicit objectives demonstrate without broad objectives; (4) While point negative adverse unintended attributed features. there one-size-fits-all approaches need gender-responsive adapted; (5) Direct investment individuals families' needs accompanied efforts strengthen child systems. may increase participation, savings, investments, utilisation contraception use among attendance girls. They reduce pregnancies young risky sexual behaviour, symptoms sexually transmitted infections women. sexual, reproductive, services, knowledge reproductive improve changes attitudes towards planning; rates inclusive early initiation breastfeeding decrease poor physical wellbeing mothers. Labour receiving benefits, ownership assets, earning capacity infections, self-reported condom nutrition overall household dietary intake, subjective needed. Authors' Conclusions effectiveness gaps remain, current programmatic interests matched rigorous base demonstrating how appropriately implement Advancing entails moving beyond test packages combinations equality. Systematic investigating old pensions parental leave Voice agency under-researched areas.

Language: Английский

---

The Association Between Orofacial Pain and Depression: A Systematic Review

Journal of Pain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 785 - 796

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Background: The occurrence of orofacial pain is often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as depression. Even though previous studies suggested a bidirectional correlation between and psychological factors, some still provided contradictory results. Objective: This systematic review aimed at providing scientific evidence regarding the association depression in published literature. Methods: current study literature (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023438596) that was conducted reviewing cross-sectional investigated Article selection based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. Articles searching performed using three databases, namely PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus Boolean operator method. screening carried out applying inclusion exclusion criteria, well duplication checking, suitability compatibility checking. Reviewed articles went through risk bias evaluation form from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Extracted data were analyzed qualitative Results: Twelve 5557 participants included final review. After all analyzed, revealed. Most revealed positive depression, rest showed how patients significantly higher scores compared to those individuals without pain. Conclusion: results this with varying degrees. Incorporating potential depressive symptoms' treatment, when treating patients, should be part treatment plan. Keywords: pain,

Language: Английский

---

Differential effects of subject‐based and integrated curriculum approaches on students' learning outcomes: A review of reviews

Review of Education, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 4, 2024

Abstract There is no general agreement about the best way of organising curriculum. Debates often pitch a subject‐based curriculum against an integrated although there great variation among approaches. Numerous claims have been made regarding comparative merits different approaches, but many scholars noted lack strong evidence base to support these. This article reports review reviews examine how learning outcomes students following more or approaches compare based on empirical research that uses control groups. The literature from 1990 mid‐2022 was systematically searched. A final sample nine included and critically appraised using AMSTAR 2. evaluation found all were low quality. Within reviews, relatively few primary studies concerned school secondary level had in reported between studies, these tended either find positive effects differences Very detrimental interventions involving Various methodological issues as well complexities integration need be considered when interpreting findings. Overall, we conclude limitations current evidence, neither strictly nor can regarded superior for students' outcomes. Implications theory, practice are discussed. Context implications Rationale this study understanding experiences Why new findings matter inform long‐lasting, international debates ways structuring practitioners, designers researchers demonstrates it crucial stakeholders move away false dichotomy ‘subjects’ versus ‘integration’ recognise various which subjects integrated. Based reviewed learning. well‐implemented approach drawing both worlds likely required practice, needed explore this. what debate forward, including use adequate groups consider affective

Language: Английский

---

“If my wife earns more than me, she will force me to do what she wants”: Women’s economic empowerment and family caregiving dynamics in Tanzania

World Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 106626 - 106626

Published: April 5, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Factors Fuelling the Persistence of Child Labour: Evidence from Pakistan

Child Indicators Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 1771 - 1790

Published: May 16, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Exploring access to social protection by persons with disabilities in Bangladesh

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0321887 - e0321887

Published: April 16, 2025

Background Social protection programs have played a significant role in ensuring that persons with disabilities (PWD) low- and middle-income countries access to basic livelihoods. However, there is lack of research examining the extent social program coverage for PWD factors influencing their inclusion. This study aimed explore PWD’s inclusion Bangladesh these programs. Methods We analyzed data from 2021 National Household Survey on Persons Disabilities Bangladesh. The outcome variable considered was (yes, no) receive support, as well timing (non-inclusion (0), within 0–6 months survey (1), more than 6 before (2)). Explanatory variables included at individual, household, community levels. A multilevel multinomial logistic regression model used associations between explanatory variables, respondents categorized into two groups based age (children (0 <18) adults older (18–95 years)). Results Data total 4,293 were analyzed, mean 41.4 years; 59% male. Approximately 37.7% (95% CI, 36.0–39.6) reported survey, rising 47.4% 45.6–49.2) support received survey. “Disability allowances (69.0%) most common type being in, followed by old (16.3%) assistance through VGD/VGF (6.8%). Among children aged <18 years, likelihood higher those multiple disabilities. In contrast, 18 years older, lower among mental illness, hearing disabilities, intellectual unmarried, widowed, divorced, or separated PWD. Conversely, wealthier households residing Dhaka division had Conclusion findings this underscore urgent need comprehensive inclusive policies well-being Since disability grants are primary source group, it crucial expand increase amount financial provided.

Language: Английский

---

Going Public

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

This Element highlights the pivotal role of corporate players in universal health coverage ideologies and implementation, critically examines social innovation-driven approaches to expanding primary care low-income settings. It first traces evolving meanings health/healthcare global politics policy, analysing their close, often hidden, intertwining with interests exigencies. then juxtaposes three innovations targeting niche 'markets' for lower-cost services Majority World, against present-day examples publicly financed delivered healthcare (PHC), demonstrating what corporatization does PHC, within deeply entrenched colonial-capitalist structures discourses that normalize inferior care, private profit, dispossession peoples.

Language: Английский

---

Implementation and effectiveness outcomes of Community Health Advocacy Teams to improve long-lasting insecticide net distribution and use in six districts in Ghana: A one-group pre-post-test study

PLOS Global Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. e0002123 - e0002123

Published: April 1, 2024

Malaria remains a leading cause of illness and death especially among children pregnant women in Ghana. Despite the efforts made by National Elimination Programme (NMEP), including distribution Long-Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) to households through periodic Point Mass Distribution (PMD) campaigns continuous channels (antenatal, schools postnatal), there is gap between access use LLINs An effective functional community-based group that would seek improve effectiveness LLIN before, during, after PMD Campaigns at community level could help address this gap. This paper assesses implementation outcomes short-term pilot co-created health advocacy teams (CHAT) intervention Ghanaian communities plan implement increase use. The study employed one-group pre-post design measured (acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility) (LLIN awareness, access, willingness purchase LLIN, use) 800 households. CHAT was implemented for four months across six districts Eastern Volta regions data were downloaded directly from REDCap analyzed statistically (descriptive McNemar test association) using SPSS 22 software. After period, majority respondents all indicated acceptable (89.8%), appropriate (89.5%), feasible (90%). Also, significant association baseline end-line assessment on outcome measures. Household members’ awareness of, to, purchase, increased significantly over four-month period implemented. concludes an acceptable, appropriate, supporting engaging Social Behaviour Change Communication activities distribution. Additionally, demonstrates terms creating providing encouraging members be willing LLINs. Although largely voluntary, integration into existing primary care system will make it sustainable.

Language: Английский

---

Making complementary agricultural resources, technologies, and services more gender-responsive

Global Food Security, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 100778 - 100778

Published: June 26, 2024

Rural women in low- and middle-income countries face multiple constraints accessing benefiting from essential complementary resources, technologies, services for agricultural production participation the agrifood system. This paper highlights recent thinking around these how to overcome them. The factors we consider are: (1) networks social capital, (2) information communications (3) other (4) extension advisory services, (5) financial (6) assistance. We first analyze describe potential benefits of reducing gender inequities then provide evidence on what has been effective improving women's access ability benefit six factors. conclude by highlighting importance considering different preferences men when designing policies interventions; challenging customs, norms perceptions; reforming formal rules institutions toward more inclusive systems.

Language: Английский

---