The emerging roles of circRNAs in cancer and oncology

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 188 - 206

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Targeting circular RNAs as a therapeutic approach: current strategies and challenges

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: May 21, 2021

Abstract Significant progress has been made in circular RNA (circRNA) research recent years. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles many cellular processes, and their dysregulation is implicated the pathogenesis of various diseases. CircRNAs are highly stable usually expressed a tissue- or cell type-specific manner. Therefore, they currently being explored as potential therapeutic targets. Gain-of-function loss-of-function approaches typically performed using circRNA expression plasmids interference-based strategies, respectively. These strategies have limitations can be mitigated nanoparticle exosome delivery systems. Furthermore, developments show cre-lox system used to knockdown cell-specific While still early stages development, CRISPR/Cas13 shown promise knocking down with high specificity efficiency. In this review, we describe properties functions highlight significance disease. We summarize overexpress approach. Lastly, discuss major challenges propose future directions for development circRNA-based therapeutics.

Language: Английский

---

Exosome-mediated metabolic reprogramming: the emerging role in tumor microenvironment remodeling and its influence on cancer progression

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is reported to be one of the hallmarks cancer, which an adaptive mechanism by fast-growing cancer cells adapt their increasing energy demands. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as exosomes have been recognized crucial signaling mediators in regulating tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, TME a highly heterogeneous ecosystem incorporating cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial mesenchymal stem and matrix. Accumulated evidence indicates that may transfer biologically functional molecules recipient facilitate progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, immunosuppression metabolism surrounding stromal cells. In this review, we present role underlying how exacerbate development through metabolic reprogramming. addition, will also discuss potential targeting process biomarkers for diagnosis prognosis, exosomes-mediated targets therapy. Furthermore, better understanding link between reprogramming, impact on would provide novel insights prevention treatment future.

Language: Английский

---

Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long (lncRNAs), and circular (circRNAs), are closely related variety biological functional aspects human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss underlying regulatory mechanisms exosomes in addition, explore current knowledge on roles miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs health diseases, including cancers, metabolic neurodegenerative cardiovascular autoimmune infectious determine their potential implication biomarker identification therapeutic exploration.

Language: Английский

---

The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in the regulation of circRNAs

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 10, 2020

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant modification in eukaryotic cells, regulates RNA transcription, processing, splicing, degradation, and translation. Circular (circRNA) is a class of covalently closed molecules characterized by universality, diversity, stability conservatism evolution. Accumulating evidence shows that both m6A circRNAs participate pathogenesis multiple diseases, such as cancers, neurological autoimmune infertility. Recently, has been identified for its enrichment vital biological functions regulating circRNAs. In this review, we summarize role regulation function Moreover, discuss potential applications possible future directions field.

Language: Английский

---

Lnc2Cancer 3.0: an updated resource for experimentally supported lncRNA/circRNA cancer associations and web tools based on RNA-seq and scRNA-seq data

Nucleic Acids Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(D1), P. D1251 - D1258

Published: Nov. 9, 2020

An updated Lnc2Cancer 3.0 (http://www.bio-bigdata.net/lnc2cancer or http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/lnc2cancer) database, which includes comprehensive data on experimentally supported long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular (circRNAs) associated with human cancers. In addition, web tools for analyzing lncRNA expression by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) are described. was several new features, including (i) Increased cancer-associated entries over the previous version. The current release 9254 lncRNA-cancer associations, 2659 lncRNAs 216 cancer subtypes. (ii) Newly adding 1049 circRNA-cancer 743 circRNAs 70 (iii) Experimentally regulatory mechanisms of cancer-related circRNAs, involving microRNAs, transcription factors (TF), genetic variants, methylation enhancers were included. (iv) Appending biological functions cell growth, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), immunity coding ability. (v) clinical relevance in metastasis, recurrence, circulation, drug resistance, prognosis Additionally, two flexible online tools, scRNA-seq developed to enable fast customizable analysis visualization is a valuable resource elucidating associations between lncRNA, circRNA cancer.

Language: Английский

---

Non-viral vectors for RNA delivery

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 342, P. 241 - 279

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Functions and mechanisms of circular RNAs in cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: March 14, 2020

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs), one type of non-coding RNA, were initially misinterpreted as nonfunctional products pre-mRNA mis-splicing. Currently, circRNAs have been proven to manipulate the functions diverse molecules, including RNAs, mRNAs, DNAs and proteins, regulate cell activities in physiology pathology. Accumulating evidence indicates that play critical roles tumor genesis, development, sensitivity radiation chemotherapy. Radiotherapy chemotherapy are two primary types intervention for most cancers, but their therapeutic efficacies usually retarded by intrinsic acquired resistance. Thus, it is urgent develop new strategies improve responses. To achieve this, clarification underlying mechanisms affecting responses cancer needed. This review summarizes recent progress resistance chemotherapy, discusses limitations available knowledge potential future directions.

Language: Английский

---

Exosomal miR-500a-5p derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through targeting USP28

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 3932 - 3947

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The tumor microenvironment contributes to progression and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) form a major cellular component of the microenvironment. In this study, we further explored mechanisms underlying tumor-promoting roles CAFs. Methods: Patient-derived CAFs normal (NFs) were isolated from breast carcinomas adjacent tissue. Exosomes by ultracentrifugation CAF-derived exosomal microRNAs screened using next-generation sequencing technology. MiR-500a-5p expression was assessed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in situ hybridization; Tumor cell proliferation determined MTT assays three-dimensioned (3D) cultures, metastasis Transwell vitro. vivo performed nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model. Results: We confirmed that exosomes significantly promoted cancer cells. highly expressed MDA-MB-231 MCF7 cells treated with exosomes. upregulation miR-500a-5p also transferred cells, subsequently binding ubiquitin-specific peptidase 28 (USP28). Conclusions: present study demonstrates promote via indicate inhibiting is an alternative modality for treatment cancer.

Language: Английский

---

Liquid biopsy at the frontier of detection, prognosis and progression monitoring in colorectal cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 25, 2022

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause carcinogenic death. To date, surgical resection regarded as gold standard by operator for clinical decisions. Because conventional tissue biopsy invasive only small sample can sometimes be obtained, it unable to represent heterogeneity tumor or dynamically monitor progression. Therefore, there an urgent need find new minimally noninvasive diagnostic strategy detect CRC at early stage recurrence. Over past years, concept called “liquid biopsy” has gained much attention. Liquid noninvasive, allowing repeated analysis real-time monitoring recurrence, metastasis therapeutic responses. With advanced development molecular techniques in CRC, circulating cells (CTCs), DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, tumor-educated platelet (TEP) detection have achieved interesting inspiring results prominent liquid markers. In this review, we focused on some applications CTCs, ctDNA, exosomes TEPs discuss promising future solve unmet needs patients.

Language: Английский

---