Modeling plant–water interactions: an ecohydrological overview from the cell to the global scale

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 327 - 368

Published: Nov. 19, 2015

Vegetation and the water cycles are inherently coupled across a wide range of spatial temporal scales. Water availability interacts with plant ecophysiology controls vegetation functioning. Concurrently, has direct indirect effects on energy, water, carbon, nutrient cycles. To better understand model plant–water interactions, highly interdisciplinary approaches required. We present an overview main processes relevant interactions between plants scales, from cell level leaves, where stomatal occur, to drought stress at single tree, integrating scales watershed, region, globe. A review process representations in models different is presented. More specifically, three families identified: (1) hydraulics that mechanistically simulate and/or transport tree level; (2) ecohydrological plot‐ catchment‐scale carbon fluxes; (3) terrestrial biosphere dynamics regional global address feedback Earth's climate system. identify special features similarities families. Examples especially important have led key scientific findings also highlighted. Finally, we discuss various data sources currently available force validate existing models, perspectives evolution field. WIREs 2016, 3:327–368. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1125 This article categorized under: Life > Nature Freshwater Ecosystems Science Hydrological Processes

Language: Английский

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Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5(6)

Published: July 25, 2018

Snowfall may have different stable isotopic compositions compared with rainfall, allowing its contribution to potentially be tracked through the hydrological cycle. This review summarizes state of knowledge how hydrometeorological processes affect composition snow in forms (snowfall, snowpack, and snowmelt), and, selected examples, discusses water isotopes can provide a better understanding processes. A detailed account is given variability changes from precipitation final melting. The effect ablation (sublimation, melting, redistribution by wind or avalanches) on isotope ratios underlying snowpack are also examined. Insights into role canopy interception processes, snowpacks elucidate exchanges therein discussed, as well case studies demonstrating usefulness estimate seasonality groundwater recharge. Rain‐on‐snow floods illustrate useful preferential flow during heavy spring rains. All these examples point complexity hydrologic demonstrate that an approach quantify contributions throughout cycle, especially high‐elevation high‐latitude catchments, where such most pronounced. synthesis concludes tracing particle along entire life highlights major practical challenges remaining hydrology future research directions. article categorized under: Science Water > Hydrological Processes Methods

Language: Английский

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Forests and Water Yield: A Synthesis of Disturbance Effects on Streamflow and Snowpack in Western Coniferous Forests

Journal of Forestry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 118(2), P. 172 - 192

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

Abstract In coniferous western forests, recent widespread tree mortality provided opportunities to test the long-held theory that forest cover loss increases water yield. We reviewed 78 studies of hydrologic response standing-replacing (severe wildfire, harvest) or nonstand-replacing (drought, insects, low-severity wildfire) disturbances, and reassessed question: Does yield snowpack increase after disturbance? Collective results indicate postdisturbance streamflow may increase, not change, even decrease, illuminate factors help improve predictability disturbance. Contrary expectation reduces evapotranspiration, making more available as runoff, evapotranspiration sometimes increased—particularly following disturbance—because (a) increased evaporation resulting from higher subcanopy radiation, (b) transpiration rapid growth. Postdisturbance depends on vegetation structure, climate, topography, new hypotheses continue be formulated tested in this rapidly evolving discipline.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting streamside trees that do not use stream water: can the two water worlds hypothesis and snowpack isotopic effects explain a missing water source?

Ecohydrology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: July 20, 2016

Abstract We revisit a classic ecohydrological study that showed streamside riparian trees in semiarid mountain catchment did not use perennial stream water. The original suggested mature individuals of Acer negundo , grandidentatum and other species were dependent on water from “deeper strata,” possibly groundwater. used dual stable isotope approach (δ 18 O δ 2 H) to further examine the sources these trees. tested hypothesis groundwater was main tree source, but found neither nor matched composition xylem during two growing seasons. Soil (0–1 m depth) closest periodically overlapped with composition, overall, isotopically enriched compared all measured sources. “two worlds” postulates soil comprises distinct mobile less pools do mix, potentially explaining this disparity. hypothesized isotopic effects snowpack metamorphosis impart signature supplies summer transpiration. Depth trends isotopes following snowmelt consistent worlds hypothesis, snow metamorphic could explain highly Thus, unambiguously determine source(s) Further exploration physical, geochemical, biological mechanisms fractionation partitioning is necessary resolve data, highlighting critical challenges determination plant

Language: Английский

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Recent tree die‐off has little effect on streamflow in contrast to expected increases from historical studies

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 51(12), P. 9775 - 9789

Published: Dec. 1, 2015

Abstract Recent bark beetle epidemics have caused regional‐scale tree mortality in many snowmelt‐dominated headwater catchments of western North America. Initial expectations increased streamflow not been supported by observations, and the basin‐scale response annual is largely unknown. Here we quantified responses during decade following die‐off eight infested Colorado River headwaters one nearby control catchment. We employed three alternative empirical methods: (i) double‐mass comparison between impacted catchments, (ii) runoff ratio before after die‐off, (iii) time‐trend analysis using climate‐driven linear models. In contrast to increases predicted historical paired catchment studies recent modeling, did detect changes most basins while basin consistently showed decreased streamflow. The methods produced generally consistent results, with showing precipitation was strongest predictor variability (R 2 = 74–96%). Time‐trend revealed post‐die‐off 11–29%, no change other five catchments. Although counter initial expectations, these results are transpiration surviving vegetation growing body literature documenting snow sublimation evaporation from subcanopy water‐limited, snow‐dominated forests. observations presented here challenge widespread expectation that will increase beetle‐induced forest highlight need better understand processes driving hydrologic disturbance.

Language: Английский

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When a Tree Dies in the Forest: Scaling Climate-Driven Tree Mortality to Ecosystem Water and Carbon Fluxes

Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 1133 - 1147

Published: April 28, 2016

Language: Английский

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The uncertain role of rising atmospheric CO2 on global plant transpiration

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 230, P. 104055 - 104055

Published: May 12, 2022

As CO2 concentration in the atmosphere rises, there is a need for improved physical understanding of its impact on global plant transpiration. This knowledge gap poses major hurdle robustly projecting changes hydrologic cycle. For this reason, here we review different processes by which atmospheric affects transpiration, several uncertainties related to complex physiological and radiative involved, gaps be filled order improve predictions Although high degree certainty that rising will exact nature remains unclear due interactions between climate, key aspects morphology physiology. The interplay these factors has substantial consequences not only future climate vegetation, but also water availability needed sustaining productivity terrestrial ecosystems. Future transpiration response enhanced are expected driven availability, evaporative demand, processes, emergent disturbances increasing temperatures, modification physiology coverage. Considering universal sensitivity natural agricultural systems argue reliable projections an issue highest priority, can achieved integrating monitoring modeling efforts representation effects next generation earth system models.

Language: Английский

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Evaporation enhancement drives the European water-budget deficit during multi-year droughts

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 1527 - 1543

Published: March 22, 2022

Abstract. In a warming climate, periods with lower than average precipitation will increase in frequency and intensity. During such periods, known as meteorological droughts, the decline annual runoff may be proportionally larger corresponding precipitation. Reasons behind this exacerbation of deficit during dry remain largely unknown, challenges predictability when occur future how intense it be. work, we tested hypothesis that droughts is common feature across climates, driven by evaporation enhancement. We relied on multidecadal records streamflow for more 200 catchment areas various European which distinctively show emergence similar exacerbated identified previous studies, i.e. order −20 % to −40 less what expected from deficits. The magnitude two three times basins located regions wet regions, qualitatively correlated an +11 +33 over characterized energy-limited water-limited regimes, respectively. Thus, enhanced atmospheric vegetation demand moisture induces nonlinear precipitation-runoff relationship low-flow results unexpectedly large decrease already low water availability. Forecasting onset, magnitude, duration these drops have paramount societal ecological implications, especially given their supporting role safeguarding water, food, energy. outcome are prone climates regimes makes further understanding its patterns urgent priority water-resource planning management drier climate.

Language: Английский

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Modeling the probability of bark beetle-caused tree mortality as a function of watershed-scale host species presence and basal area

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 580, P. 122549 - 122549

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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Restoring Historic Forest Disturbance Frequency Would Partially Mitigate Droughts in the Central Sierra Nevada Mountains

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Forest thinning and prescribed fire are expected to improve the climate resilience water security of forests in western U.S., but few studies have directly modeled hydrological effects multi‐decadal landscape‐scale forest disturbance. By updating a distributed process‐based model (DHSVM) with vegetation maps from ecosystem (LANDIS‐II), we simulate resource impacts management scenarios targeting partial or full restoration pre‐colonial disturbance return interval central Sierra Nevada mountains. In fully restored regime that includes fire, thinning, insect mortality, reservoir inflow increases by 4%–9% total 8%–14% dry years. At sub‐watershed scales (10–100 km 2 ), dense can increase streamflow >20% thinner forest, increased understory transpiration compensates for decreased overstory transpiration. Consequentially, 73% gains attributable rain snow interception loss. Thinner headwater peak flows, reservoir‐scale flows almost exclusively influenced climate. Uncertainty future precipitation causes high uncertainty yield, additional yield is about five times less sensitive annual uncertainty. This decoupling response makes especially valuable supply during Our study confidence benefits restoring historic frequencies mountains, our modeling framework widely applicable other forested mountain landscapes.

Language: Английский

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