Recent Third Pole’s Rapid Warming Accompanies Cryospheric Melt and Water Cycle Intensification and Interactions between Monsoon and Environment: Multidisciplinary Approach with Observations, Modeling, and Analysis

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 100(3), P. 423 - 444

Published: Sept. 27, 2018

Abstract The Third Pole (TP) is experiencing rapid warming and currently in its warmest period the past 2,000 years. This paper reviews latest development multidisciplinary TP research associated with this warming. facilitates intense broad glacier melt over most of TP, although some glaciers northwest are advancing. By heating atmosphere reducing snow/ice albedo, aerosols also contribute to melting. Glacier accompanied by lake expansion intensification water cycle TP. Precipitation has increased eastern northwestern Meanwhile, greening regions advancing phenological trends, southwest there a spring delay mainly response recent decline precipitation. Atmospheric terrestrial thermal dynamical processes affect Asian monsoon at different scales. Recent evidence indicates substantial roles that mesoscale convective systems play TP’s precipitation as well an association between soil moisture anomalies Indian monsoon. Moreover, increase geohazard events been environmental changes, which have had catastrophic consequences caused glacial outbursts landslides. Active debris flows growing both frequency occurrences spatial scale. new types disasters, such twin ice avalanches Ali 2016, now appearing region. Adaptation mitigation measures should be taken help societies’ preparation for future challenges. Some key issues studies discussed.

Language: Английский

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The Tibetan Plateau cryosphere: Observations and model simulations for current status and recent changes

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 353 - 369

Published: Dec. 28, 2018

Language: Английский

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A synthesis dataset of permafrost thermal state for the Qinghai–Tibet (Xizang) Plateau, China

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 4207 - 4218

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

Permafrost has great influences on the climatic, hydrological, and ecological systems Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). The changing permafrost its impact have been attracting attention worldwide like never before. More observational modeling approaches are needed to promote an understanding of thermal state climatic conditions QTP. However, limited data climate background sporadically reported in different pieces literature due difficulties accessing working this region where weather is severe, environmental harsh, topographic morphological features complex. From 1990s, we began establish a monitoring network Meteorological variables were measured by automatic meteorological systems. soil temperature moisture collected from integrated observation system active layer. Deep ground (GT) was observed boreholes. In study, comprehensive dataset consisting long-term meteorological, GT, moisture, compiled after quality control integrated, distributed, multiscale regions helpful for scientists with multiple study fields (i.e., climate, cryospheric, ecology hydrology, meteorology science), which will significantly verification, development, improvement hydrological models, land surface process models datasets available National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center (https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/disallow/789e838e-16ac-4539-bb7e-906217305a1d/, last access: 24 August 2021, https://doi.org/10.11888/Geocry.tpdc.271107, Lin et al., 2021).

Language: Английский

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CASEarth Poles: Big Data for the Three Poles

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(9), P. E1475 - E1491

Published: April 6, 2020

Abstract Unprecedented changes in the climate and environment have been observed three poles, including North Pole, South Third Pole–Tibetan Plateau. Although considerable data collected several observation networks built these polar regions, poles are relatively data-scarce regions due to inaccessible acquisition, high-cost labor, difficult living environments. To address obstacles better understanding unprecedented their effects on global humans, there is a pressing need for curation, integration, service, application support fundamental scientific research sustainable development poles. CASEarth Poles, project within framework of “CAS Big Earth Data Science Engineering” program Chinese Academy Sciences, aims construct big platform Poles will be devoted 1) breaking bottleneck sharing; 2) developing high-resolution remote sensing products over poles; 3) generating atmospheric reanalysis datasets regions; 4) exploring synchronization, asynchronization, teleconnection environmental 5) investigating climate, water cycle, ecosystem dynamics interactions among multispheres effects; 6) supporting decision-making with regard sea ice forecasting, infrastructure, regions. collaborate international efforts enable information services era.

Language: Английский

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Liquid‐Vapor‐Air Flow in the Frozen Soil

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 123(14), P. 7393 - 7415

Published: July 6, 2018

Abstract Accurate representing freeze‐thaw (FT) process is of great importance in cold region hydrology and climate studies. With the STEMMUS‐FT model (Simultaneous Transfer Energy, Mass Momentum Unsaturated Soil), we investigated coupled water heat transfer variably saturated frozen soil mechanisms phase change along with both evaporation FT process, at a typical meadow ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau. The showed its capability depicting simultaneous movement moisture flow soil. comparison different parameterizations thermal conductivity indicated that de Vries parameterization performed better than others reproducing hydrothermal dynamics soils. analysis water/vapor fluxes liquid vapor move upward to freezing front highlighted crucial role during cycles as it connects beneath above front. liquid/vapor advective make negligible contribution total mass transfer. Nevertheless, interactive effect ice air can be found spatial temporal variations

Language: Английский

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TP-River: Monitoring and Quantifying Total River Runoff from the Third Pole

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102(5), P. E948 - E965

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

Abstract Monitoring changes in river runoff at the Third Pole (TP) is important because rivers this region support millions of inhabitants Asia and are very sensitive to climate change. Under influence change intensified cryospheric melt, has changed markedly TP, with significant effects on spatial temporal water resource distribution that threaten supply food security for people living downstream. Despite some situ observations discharge estimates from state-of-the-art remote sensing technology, total (TRR) TP never been reliably quantified, its response remains unclear. As part Chinese Academy Sciences’ “Pan-Third Environment Study a Green Silk Road,” TP-River project aims construct comprehensive observation network mountain outlets (where leave mountains enter plains) 13 major region, thereby enabling TRR be accurately quantified. The also integrates cryosphere–hydrology modeling investigate long-term relationship between variations westerly/monsoon. Based recent efforts, provides first estimate (656 ± 23 billion m 3 ) annual 2018. varies widely different rivers, ranging 2 176 , higher values mainly corresponding Indian monsoon domain, rather than westerly domain.

Language: Английский

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A review and evaluation of 39 thermal conductivity models for frozen soils

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 382, P. 114694 - 114694

Published: Sept. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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Vanishing Glaciers at Southeast Tibetan Plateau Have Not Offset the Declining Runoff at Yarlung Zangbo

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(21)

Published: Oct. 19, 2021

Abstract The Third Pole experiences accelerated glacier retreating particularly in the eastern‐Himalaya, coinciding with a decrease of monsoon‐precipitation early 21st century. extent to which vanishing abundant maritime glaciers buffer declining precipitation‐runoff remains unclear. Here, state‐of‐the‐art enthalpy‐based distributed cryosphere‐hydrology model and first‐hand hydrometeorology observations at Motuo (latest accessible Chinese county), we carefully examine Yarlung Zangbo basin along Himalayas. We find that during 1998–2019, rising downstream runoff (lower Nuxia; +6.40 × 10 8 m 3 /yr) offsets dropping upstream (upper −6.89 /yr); however, only marginal contribution from eastern‐Himalaya Nyainqêntanglha glaciers. During dry illustrates limited melt (15.7 mm/yr) dominated snow (78.8 mm/yr); while much larger humid (144.8 mm/yr for 219.1 melt). From 1981 2019, observe glacier‐to‐snow transition both due degradation growing nonmonsoon‐season precipitation.

Language: Английский

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Room for improvement: A review and evaluation of 24 soil thermal conductivity parameterization schemes commonly used in land-surface, hydrological, and soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer models

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 211, P. 103419 - 103419

Published: Oct. 29, 2020

Effective thermal conductivity of soils (λeff) is a critical parameter for agriculture, environment science, and engineering. Functions to estimate λeff from readily available soil properties, known as (STC) schemes, are needed by land-surface models (LSMs), hydrological models, soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) study the land surface energy balance, heat flux, regime under various climates geographic regions. The selection STC scheme can result in large differences temperature estimates LSMs, sometimes masking effects climate change. Therefore, accurate critically important LSM estimates. Although number schemes have been incorporated no has systematically evaluated their performance. objectives this were review evaluate employed LSMs comparing (1) predicted measured STCs (2) modelled (LST) using Community Land Model at three selected sites corresponding LST data moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS). In total, 24 collated 38 mainstream SVAT, models. They divided into categories based on model types: one physically-based scheme, eight linear/non-linear regression 13 normalized schemes. We also include two that express function matric potential (ψ, hereafter referred (ψ) schemes). first types with compiled dataset consisting 439 unfrozen frozen measurements 16 soils. simultaneously separate or independent studies. Results showed none could be used accurately predict all types. performance largely depended size (number samples) characteristics (e.g., types) comparison. Some work well certain soils, but care should taken larger scale applications. simulated varied when compared MODIS LST. general, performed better medium- coarse-textured than fine-textured However, discrepancies observed estimated different medium recommend modelers mindful inherent bias hence overall predictions. Orchestrated efforts urgently part hydrology, climatology communities develop more extensive systematic database development evaluation improved wider

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of nine sub-daily soil moisture model products over China using high-resolution in situ observations

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 588, P. 125054 - 125054

Published: May 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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