Vegetables
are
crucial
source
of
various
nutrients
and
health
beneficial
bioactive
compounds
in
human
diet
thus
important
for
nutritional
security.
Rich
diversity
vegetables
help
fulfil
the
nutrient
requirement
humans.
However,
content
has
been
declined
process
breeding
high
yielding
cultivars.
In
addition,
several
not
present
vegetables,
but
there
is
a
possibility
where
can
be
made
full
nutrition
through
biofortification.
Genetic
biofortification
achieved
programmes
by
using
nutrition-rich
genotypes.
On
other
hand,
genome
editing
technology
provides
opportunity
to
modify
plants
enhance
also
synthesize
new
that
occurring
naturally.
Besides
nutrition,
quality
one
most
factors
farmers
as
well
consumers,
effectively
implemented
develop
high-quality
vegetables.
this
aspect,
chapter
discusses
its
application
vegetable
crops
improving
nutrition.
Plants
are
a
rich
source
of
secondary
metabolites,
and
plant
cell
culture
technologies
developed
in
the
past
best
possible
tool
for
metabolites
production
having
various
importance
pharmaceuticals,
insecticides,
dyes
drugs
production,
food
flavor
industries,
etc.
Medicinal
plants
those
that
produce
certain
compounds
acts
as
therapeutic
agents,
nutritional
additives
or
supplements,
toxic
agents
on
several
other
species
including
human.
Due
to
strict
metabolic
regulation
tissue
specific
localization,
differentiated
cultures
such
hairy
root
widely
studied.
Hairy
roots
emerge
when
is
infected
by
symbiotic
bacteria
called
Rhizobium
rhizogenes
an
important
method
synthesized
roots.
Agrobacterium
(or
R.
)
transforms
genomes
induce
also
known
spectrum
not
present
parent
plant.
The
physical
characteristics
formed
identified
fast
hormone-independent
growth,
lack
geotropism,
lateral
branching,
their
stability
at
genetic
level.
Elicitation
process
used
enhance
increase
it
helps
forming
pathways
preventing
feedback
inhibition
protecting
from
degrading
media.
A.
infection
causes
transformed
characterized
high
growth
rate,
stability,
hormone
free
In
situ
adsorption
products
results
increased
yield
product
many
folds.
recent
advancements
field
transgenic
research,
possibility
engineering
biosynthetic
high-value
thus
improving
yields.
This
adaptability
gives
name
platform
major
biotechnological
tools.
years,
use
bioreactors
has
emerged
exciting
area
research
significant
advances
have
created
new
opportunities.
Development
large-scale
methods
using
made
easy
industrial
scale.
Now
these
expression
systems
ready
be
different
industries
like
pharmaceutical,
cosmetics,
sectors
due
development
fully
controlled
bioreactors.
Low
cost,
safety,
scale
up
been
rapid
Metal
nanoparticles
synthesis
is
a
rapidly
expanding
area
of
advanced
research
and
technology,
it
good
substitute
to
have
power
over
phytopathogenic
fungi
with
potential
plant
production
application.
Phytoconstituent
biomolecules
that
can
be
utilized
as
medication
are
abundant
in
plants
due
their
reducing
capping
properties
used
generate
numerous
metal
well
oxide
nanoparticles.
Till
date,
there
various
for
instance
Au,
Cu,
Ag,
Se,
Mg,
Fe,
Ni
been
used,
which
synthesized
from
plants.
The
plant-based
natural
environmental
friendly
method
allows
desired
NPs
variety
sizes
shapes
by
altering
parameters
throughout
the
process.
Due
fine
antifungal
actions
Ag
nanoparticles,
these
mostly
investigated
subsequently
Cu
also
agents,
whereas
Ni,
Pd
showed
prominent
results.
Copper
most
cost
effective
metals,
being
less
expensive
than
silver
gold.
Silver
often
sterilization
purposes,
such
medical
device
materials
water
sanitization,
because
has
significant
antibacterial
action,
whether
ionic
or
nanoparticle
form.
Plant
culture
is
the
of
all
parts
a
plant
(cells,
tissues,
organs,
or
whole
plants)
under
controlled
nutritional
and
environmental
conditions
using
in
vitro
aseptic
techniques,
mostly
to
produce
genetically
modified
plants
with
enhanced
compounds,
vaccines,
plantibodies
(biopharmaceuticals).
These
biopharmaceuticals
are
used
treatment
various
diseases
across
world,
their
application
cuts
every
class
disease,
equal
greater
potency,
safer
cheaper
than
Western
medicines.
advantages
have
led
great
interest
use
as
biotechnological
tool
for
harnessing
these
useful
therapeutic
compounds.
techniques
aim
increase
yield
active
constituents
cultured
cells
novel
products
on
large
scale.
applied
classes
compounds
from
diverse
species
through
empirical
determination
ideal
other
methods,
respecting
experimental
condition.
This
chapter
presents
recent
advances
field
production
showing
that
it
time
full
potential
be
exploited
scale
will
prove
weapon
clinical
therapeutics.
Microbial
resources
have
good
potential
to
produce
a
broad
range
of
high-value
compounds.
In
recent
years,
microbial-originated
nitrilase
enzymes
been
used
convert
nitriles
into
beneficial
chemical
compounds
and
clean
up
nitrile-contaminated
soil
water.
Due
their
ease
handling,
manipulation,
culture
under
controlled
conditions,
microbes
are
attractive
candidates
for
synthesizing
economically
significant
enzymes.
Several
microorganisms
the
treatment
disease
led
development
concept
"probiotics."
The
microbial
systems
can
be
exploited
biosynthesis
specialized
metabolites,
secondary
products,
pigments,
toxins,
other
substances
that
helpful
organism
but
not
involved
in
primary
metabolism.
Some
these
items
therapeutic
medicinal
agents.
One
essential
components
renewable
bioresources
on
earth
is
lignocellulosic
biomass.
biomass
comprises
three
major
components,
namely
lignin,
hemicellulose,
cellulose.
