Living cells and biological mechanisms as prototypes for developing chemical artificial intelligence

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 720, P. 150060 - 150060

Published: May 8, 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having a revolutionary impact on our societies. It helping humans in facing the global challenges of this century. Traditionally, AI developed software or through neuromorphic engineering hardware. More recently, brand-new strategy has been proposed. so-called Chemical (CAI), which exploits molecular, supramolecular, and systems chemistry wetware to mimic human intelligence. In work, two promising approaches for boosting CAI are described. One regards designing implementing neural surrogates that can communicate optical chemical signals give rise networks computational purposes develop micro/nanorobotics. The other approach concerns "bottom-up synthetic cells" be exploited applications various scenarios, including future nano-medicine. Both topics presented at basic level, mainly inform broader audience non-specialists, so favour interest these frontier subjects.

Language: Английский

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Artificial Cells and HepG2 Cells in 3D‐Bioprinted Arrangements

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12)

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Abstract Artificial cells are engineered units with cell‐like functions for different purposes including acting as supportive elements mammalian cells. minimal liver‐like function made of alginate and equipped metalloporphyrins that mimic the enzyme activity a member cytochrome P450 family namely CYP1A2. The artificial employed to enhance dealkylation within 3D bioprinted structures composed HepG2 these This enhancement is monitored through conversion resorufin ethyl ether resorufin. cell aggregates using an alginate/gelatin methacryloyl ink, resulting in successful proliferation composite ink liquid phase increasing amount characterized. CYP1A2‐like preserved over at least 35 days, where 6 nM produced 8 h. Composite inks used bioprinting. proliferate structure has boosted CYP1A2 activity. integration their living counterparts into larger semi‐synthetic tissues step towards exploring bottom‐up synthetic biology tissue engineering.

Language: Английский

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Living Self‐Assembly of Monodisperse Micron‐Sized Polymer Vesicles

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(27)

Published: April 24, 2024

Artificial vesicles are recognized as powerful platforms for a large body of research across the disciplines chemistry, physics and biology. Despite great progress, control size distribution to make uniform remains fundamentally difficult due highly uncontrollable growth kinetics, especially micron-sized vesicles. Here we report template-free living self-assembly method prepare monodisperse around 1 μm from an alternating copolymer. The polymer forms nanodisks (ca. 9 nm) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acting seeds subsequent growth. By adding water, gradually grow into larger circular bilayer nanosheets, which bend crowns continue first-order kinetics well small polydispersity index (<0.1) suggests characteristics. This work paves new way both

Language: Английский

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Advancing Artificial Cells with Functional Compartmentalized Polymeric Systems - In Honor of Wolfgang Meier

Biomacromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 5454 - 5467

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

The fundamental building block of living organisms is the cell, which universal biological base all entities. This micrometric mass cytoplasm and membrane border have fascinated scientists due to highly complex multicompartmentalized structure. specific organization enables numerous metabolic reactions occur simultaneously in segregated spaces, without disturbing each other, but with a promotion inter- intracellular communication biomolecules. At present, artificial nano- microcompartments, whether as single components or self-organized multicompartment architectures, hold significant value study life development advanced functional materials fabrication molecular devices for medical applications. These compartments also possess properties encapsulate, protect, control release bio(macro)molecules through selective transport processes, they are capable embedding being connected other types compartments. self-assembly mechanism synthetic thus simulated organelle some major aspects gain insight. Considerable efforts now been devoted design various microcompartments understand their functionality precise over properties. Of particular interest use polymeric vesicles cells colloidal systems reinitiate chemical close gap toward functions. Multicompartment can be effectively created high level hierarchical control. In this way, these structures not only explored deepen our understanding cells, pave way many more exciting developments biomedical field.

Language: Английский

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From Single‐Compartment Artificial Cells to Tissue‐Like Materials

Advanced Materials Technologies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(18)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Designing and assembling artificial cells (ACs) is a core direction in bottom‐up synthetic biology. Here, the advancements past 3 years engineering ACs with focus on compartmentalization surface modifications aim for their integration semi‐synthetic tissue are outlined. Compartmentalization vesicles, coacervates hydrogels discussed encapsulated catalysis or cytoskeleton formation including use of components mammalian to increase ACs’ complexity. Following on, modification reviewed due its relevance when into goal. Finally, interaction cellular communication fabrication toward therapeutic opportunities outlined, before short perspective provided.

Language: Английский

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Functional Prototissues Using Artificial Cells as Building Blocks and Their Biomedical Applications

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(40)

Published: June 20, 2024

Abstract The construction of living systems from the bottom‐up helps to explore complex processes life and understand their working mechanism. Prototissues, constructed using artificial cells as building blocks, mimic at a high‐order tissue level, whilst usually individual cell level. 3D biomimetic prototissues demonstrate exceptional performances collective functions, which reveal mechanisms tissues hold promising potential for biomedical applications. This review systematically summarized research progress field prototissues. engineering methods fabricating two types are introduced first, followed by functions including behaviors signal communications, well challenges future trends proposed end paper.

Language: Английский

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An update on implication of POSS-based nanocomposites in bone tissue engineering: a review

Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 24

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

The science of Bone tissue engineering (TE) is quickly progressing. Engineering bone usually applications a synthetic extracellular matrix, cells or osteoblasts that can convert to osteoblasts, and adjusting causes boost adhesion, distinction, mineralized construction cells. Extremely porous scaffolds perform an important character in cell planting, propagation, fresh 3D-tissue construction. Reformative medicine track multi-disciplinary approach for the novel substances' development appliance, various defects therapy. presentation polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) bio-polymeric scaffold has been shown develop biotic attributes hybrid combinations. This review focuses on influence POSS within Chitosan (CS), Hydroxyapatite (HA), zeolite matrixes, drawing, advantages limitations materials mentioned bone.

Language: Английский

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Cell Membrane Vesicle Camouflaged Artificial Cells

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Abstract The integration of artificial and mammalian cells into semi‐synthetic aggregates remains a challenge in bottom‐up synthetic biology. Here, the fabrication cell membrane vesicles (CMV) from HepG2 their use as coating for alginate microgels to produce camouflaged (ACs) is demonstrated. These ACs are used assembly either or aggregates. In first case, predator‐defendant liver‐like investigated, showing promising initial steps toward complex other show enhanced with cells. encapsulation reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger enzyme shows protection against tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide terms viability, proliferation, mitochondrial health Taken together, this effort substantial step forward combining same aggregate where latter act support units.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Tuning the Hydrophobicity in ABA‐Type Amphiphilic Polythiourethane on the Dye Loading and Stability of Formed Polymersomes Using Pendant Aromatic Groups

Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Polymersomes are polymeric vesicles composed of amphiphilic block copolymers with a hydrophilic inner lumen and hydrophobic membrane, capable encapsulating both payloads, payloads. The one‐pot synthesis self‐assembly polyethylene‐glycol‐based polythiourethanes consisting pendant methyl or aromatic ester reported here. During the ring opening cyclodithiocarbonate using ethylene diamine hexyl diamine, generated thiols utilized to modify backbone methyl, benzyl, diphenyl esters. containing P3 P4 has higher dye loading than other polymers P1 P2. All have hydrodynamic diameters in range 40–98 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that all able form spherical aggregates 38.1 ± 7.7 85.1 27.4 Among them, side‐chain‐containing 42% 57% calcein encapsulation efficiency, whereas methyl‐ester‐containing 70% 60% efficiency. longer spacers (P2–P4) groups (P3 P4) shown better stability slow exchange over 48 h compared polymer an aliphatic side chain shorter spacer probed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) study.

Language: Английский

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Engineering a Biohybrid System to Link Antibiotic Efficacy to Membrane Depth in Bacterial Infections

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2025

Treating bacterial infections is dependent upon their site within a biological system, where the cumulative role of membrane transport challenging to resolve. In this work, cultivation method based on droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) established. The architecture in both cellular and tissue contexts crafted individual droplets serve as artificial cells infected by intracellular bacteria, or interconnected units tissue-like structure. Through spatio-temporal control over droplets, addition, withdrawal, sequential antibiotic gradients are tailored acting living bacteria. With networks mimicking tissues, it showed that treatment response number cell-like barriers, corresponding membranes from an source, here described depth. mathematical modelling correlation revealed between depth each population, distribution thus efficacy. Ultimately, approach holds promise vitro bioassay for understanding bacteria antibiotics, developing new designing biologically inspired materials, underpinning emerging bioprinting approaches.

Language: Английский

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