Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Sept. 23, 2024
Lung
cancer
remains
one
of
the
leading
causes
cancer-related
mortality
worldwide,
necessitating
innovative
research
methodologies
to
improve
treatment
outcomes
and
develop
novel
strategies.
The
advent
three-dimensional
(3D)
cell
cultures
has
marked
a
significant
advancement
in
lung
research,
offering
more
physiologically
relevant
model
compared
traditional
two-dimensional
(2D)
cultures.
This
review
elucidates
various
types
3D
culture
models
currently
used
pharmacology,
including
spheroids,
organoids
engineered
tissue
models,
having
pivotal
roles
enhancing
our
understanding
biology,
facilitating
drug
development,
advancing
precision
medicine.
systems
mimic
complex
spatial
architecture
microenvironment
tumours,
providing
critical
insights
into
cellular
molecular
mechanisms
tumour
progression,
metastasis
responses.
Spheroids,
derived
from
commercialized
lines,
effectively
(TME),
formation
hypoxic
nutrient
gradients,
crucial
for
evaluating
penetration
efficacy
anti-cancer
therapeutics.
Organoids
tumouroids,
primary
tissues,
recapitulate
heterogeneity
cancers
are
instrumental
personalized
medicine
approaches,
supporting
simulation
vivo
pharmacological
responses
patient-specific
context.
Moreover,
these
have
been
co-cultured
with
biomimicry
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
components
further
heterotypic
cell-cell
cell-ECM
interactions
present
within
TME.
significantly
contributing
identification
therapeutic
targets
resistance
against
conventional
therapies.
Therefore,
this
summarizes
latest
findings
involving
together
common
laboratory-based
assays
study
effects.
Additionally,
integration
development
workflows
is
discussed.
accelerating
translation
laboratory
clinical
applications,
thereby
landscape
treatment.
By
closely
mirroring
human
not
only
enhance
disease
but
also
pave
way
effective
Advanced Materials Technologies,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Abstract
Despite
significant
advancements
in
oncology
research
and
therapeutic
interventions,
cancer
continues
to
be
the
leading
cause
of
mortality
worldwide.
The
key
challenge
addressing
this
pressing
issue
lies
lack
precision
diagnosis
a
limited
understanding
nature
how
tumor
microenvironment
responds
interventions.
Research
focusing
on
impact
(TME)
heterogeneity
response
drugs
is
crucial
ensure
efficient
therapy.
Conventional
models
exhibit
constraints,
including
inability
accurately
imitate
tumors’
complex
3D
architecture
dynamic
microenvironment.
Recent
developments
Spheroid‐On‐a‐Chip
(SoC)
technology
provide
alternative,
offering
closer
that
human
tissue.
This
review
explores
recent
SoC
modeling,
highlighting
spheroid
formation
mechanisms
techniques.
applications
platform
mimic
essential
features
their
potential
role
anticancer
drug
development
are
summarized.
advantages
challenges
technologies
behind
devices
compared
traditional
vitro
further
discussed.
Lastly,
future
directions
for
transforming
improving
suggested.
Advanced Therapeutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(6)
Published: Feb. 22, 2024
Abstract
Vascularized
tumor
on
a
chip
(VToC)
entail
emulating
intricate
microvascular
networks
like
those
observed
in
tumors
through
microfluidic
devices,
which
are
meticulously
designed
to
offer
faithful
representation
of
cancer
vitro,
exploration
biology,
evaluation
drug
efficacy,
and
anticipation
patient
responses
therapies.
Compared
conventional
ones,
VToC
systems
hold
advantages
by
creating
milieu
where
physiological
conditions
for
investigating
tumor–host
interactions
pivotal
advancement/therapy
resilience.
Nevertheless,
models
confront
limitations
encompassing
vascular
network
replication,
biological
fidelity,
mechanical/chemical
integrity,
intricacies
architectural
design.
Thus,
drawbacks
inherent
prevailing
models’
intricacies,
attributes,
establishment
imperative.
This
systematic
review
focuses
the
recent
advancements,
technologies
explored
incorporating
models,
vascularization
approaches
investigation,
factors/parameters
affecting
complex
microenvironments
along
with
futuristic
approach
design
strategies,
fabrication
techniques,
understanding
network,
also
spheroid.
A
comprehensive
analysis
based
their
practical
highlights
promising
strategies
possible
applications.
will
be
essential
regarding
complete
overview
future
direction
toward
developing
efficient
compared
state‐of‐the‐art
VToC.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(22)
Published: May 31, 2024
In
response
to
the
increasing
demand
for
spheroid-based
cancer
research,
importance
of
developing
integrated
platforms
that
can
simultaneously
facilitate
high-throughput
spheroid
production
and
multiplexed
analysis
is
emphasized.
addition,
understanding
how
size
cellular
composition
tumors
directly
influence
their
internal
structures
functionalities
underlines
critical
need
produce
spheroids
diverse
sizes
compositions
on
a
large
scale.
To
address
this
rising
demand,
work
presents
configurable
linkable
in
vitro
three-dimensional
(3D)
cell
culture
kit
(CLiCK)
spheroids,
termed
CLiCK-Spheroid.
This
platform
consists
three
primary
components:
hanging
drop
microarray
(HDMA),
concave
pillar
(CPMA),
gradient
blocks.
The
HDMA
alone
produces
homogeneous
array,
while
its
combination
with
block
enables
one-step
generation
size-gradient
array.
Using
arrays,
occurrence
necrotic
cores
based
demonstrated.
Additionally,
single
batch
be
conveniently
compartmentalized
regrouped
using
CPMA,
enhancing
versatility
arrays
enabling
drug
treatments.
By
combining
different
assembly
methods,
has
achieved
composition-gradient
noticeable
variations
morphology
vascularization
compositions.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Sept. 23, 2024
Lung
cancer
remains
one
of
the
leading
causes
cancer-related
mortality
worldwide,
necessitating
innovative
research
methodologies
to
improve
treatment
outcomes
and
develop
novel
strategies.
The
advent
three-dimensional
(3D)
cell
cultures
has
marked
a
significant
advancement
in
lung
research,
offering
more
physiologically
relevant
model
compared
traditional
two-dimensional
(2D)
cultures.
This
review
elucidates
various
types
3D
culture
models
currently
used
pharmacology,
including
spheroids,
organoids
engineered
tissue
models,
having
pivotal
roles
enhancing
our
understanding
biology,
facilitating
drug
development,
advancing
precision
medicine.
systems
mimic
complex
spatial
architecture
microenvironment
tumours,
providing
critical
insights
into
cellular
molecular
mechanisms
tumour
progression,
metastasis
responses.
Spheroids,
derived
from
commercialized
lines,
effectively
(TME),
formation
hypoxic
nutrient
gradients,
crucial
for
evaluating
penetration
efficacy
anti-cancer
therapeutics.
Organoids
tumouroids,
primary
tissues,
recapitulate
heterogeneity
cancers
are
instrumental
personalized
medicine
approaches,
supporting
simulation
vivo
pharmacological
responses
patient-specific
context.
Moreover,
these
have
been
co-cultured
with
biomimicry
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
components
further
heterotypic
cell-cell
cell-ECM
interactions
present
within
TME.
significantly
contributing
identification
therapeutic
targets
resistance
against
conventional
therapies.
Therefore,
this
summarizes
latest
findings
involving
together
common
laboratory-based
assays
study
effects.
Additionally,
integration
development
workflows
is
discussed.
accelerating
translation
laboratory
clinical
applications,
thereby
landscape
treatment.
By
closely
mirroring
human
not
only
enhance
disease
but
also
pave
way
effective
