Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

The year 2024 marks the 50th anniversary of discovery surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Over recent years, SERS has experienced rapid development and became a critical tool in biomedicine with its unparalleled sensitivity molecular specificity. This review summarizes advancements challenges substrates, nanotags, instrumentation, spectral analysis for biomedical applications. We highlight key developments colloidal solid an emphasis on surface chemistry, hotspot design, 3D hydrogel plasmonic architectures. Additionally, we introduce innovations including those interior gaps, orthogonal reporters, near-infrared-II-responsive properties, along biomimetic coatings. Emerging technologies such as optical tweezers, nanopores, wearable sensors have expanded capabilities single-cell single-molecule analysis. Advances analysis, signal digitalization, denoising, deep learning algorithms, improved quantification complex biological data. Finally, this discusses applications nucleic acid detection, protein characterization, metabolite monitoring, vivo spectroscopy, emphasizing potential liquid biopsy, metabolic phenotyping, extracellular vesicle diagnostics. concludes perspective clinical translation SERS, addressing commercialization potentials tissue sensing imaging.

Language: Английский

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Artificial Intelligence Enabled Biomineralization for Eco‐Friendly Nanomaterial Synthesis: Charting Future Trends

Nano Select, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

ABSTRACT The applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have shown tremendous growth during the last decade in field biomedicine. Although chemical and physical methods dominate large‐scale NP synthesis, such are also known for their adverse impact on environment health. In contrast, use biological systems provides a sustainable alternative producing functional NPs by biomineralization process. transformative power artificial intelligence (AI) has been proven prudent diagnosis, drug development, therapy, clinical decision‐making. AI can be utilized tailored design, scale‐up biomedical applications. present review an overview process its advantages over other eco‐friendly synthesis opportunities. Specific emphasis is provided application cancer therapy how biologically compatible improve management. Finally, to best our knowledge, potential integrating comprehensively analyzed first time. Additionally, help surpass conventionally synthesized toxicity toxicology material science provided.

Language: Английский

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3D Tumor-Mimicking Phantom Models for Assessing NIR I/II Nanoparticles in Fluorescence-Guided Surgical Interventions

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

ABSTRACT Fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) offers high spatial resolution and real-time feedback but is limited by shallow tissue penetration autofluorescence from current clinically approved fluorophores. The near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, specifically the NIR-I (700-900 nm) NIR-II (950-1700 nm), addresses these limitations with deeper improved signal-to-noise ratios. However, biological barriers suboptimal optical performance under surgical conditions have hindered clinical translation of NIR-I/II nanoprobes. In vivo mouse models shown promise, do not replicate complex scenarios encountered during real-world surgeries. Existing tissue-mimicking phantoms used to evaluate imaging systems are useful fall short when assessing nanoprobes in environments. These often fail tumor microenvironment, limiting their predictive assessment. To overcome challenges, we propose developing tumor-mimicking phantom (TMPs) that integrate key features, such as tunable cell densities, -like nanoparticle concentrations, biologically relevant factors (pH, enzymes), light absorption components (hemoglobin), scattering (intralipid). TMPs enable more assessments nanoprobes, including profiling, margin delineation, ex thoracic on porcine lungs. can be further modulated closely match profiles tumors. Additionally, 3D bioprinting technology facilitates a high-throughput platform for screening realistic conditions. This approach will identify high-performing probes superior utility, bridging gap between preclinical findings applications, ensuring results extend beyond traditional studies. TOC

Language: Английский

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3D Tumor-Mimicking Phantom Models for Assessing NIR I/II Nanoparticles in Fluorescence-Guided Surgical Interventions

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 16, 2025

Fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) offers high spatial resolution and real-time feedback but is limited by shallow tissue penetration autofluorescence from current clinically approved fluorophores. The near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, specifically the NIR-I (700-900 nm) NIR-II (950-1700 nm), addresses these limitations with deeper improved signal-to-noise ratios. However, biological barriers suboptimal optical performance under surgical conditions have hindered clinical translation of NIR-I/II nanoprobes. In vivo mouse models shown promise, do not replicate complex scenarios encountered during real-world surgeries. Existing tissue-mimicking phantoms used to evaluate imaging systems are useful fall short when assessing nanoprobes in environments. These often fail tumor microenvironment, limiting their predictive assessment. To overcome challenges, we propose developing tumor-mimicking phantom (TMPs) that integrate key features, such as tunable cell densities, vivo-like nanoparticle concentrations, biologically relevant factors (pH, enzymes), light absorption components (hemoglobin), scattering (intralipid). TMPs enable more assessments nanoprobes, including profiling, margin delineation, ex thoracic on porcine lungs. can be further modulated closely match profiles tumors. Additionally, 3D bioprinting technology facilitates a high-throughput platform for screening realistic conditions. This approach will identify high-performing probes superior utility, bridging gap between preclinical findings applications, ensuring results extend beyond traditional studies.

Language: Английский

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Ternary Copolymers Incorporating Tunable Conjugated Donors for Near‐Infrared II Fluorescence Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 2, 2025

The near-infrared second window (NIR-II) offers excellent spatial resolution and tissue penetration, drawing attention to NIR-II laser-excited photothermal therapy (PTT) fluorescence imaging. However, integrating these two applications poses challenges due safe laser power reagent dosage constraints. To overcome issues, we proposed modifying the ternary copolymer backbone by substituting 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene (DTC) with 4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IDT), enabling a transition from agent. Adjusting molar ratios of donor acceptor units coupling either DTC or IDT in polymer significantly affects their photophysical properties. Among synthesized copolymers, PDTC-253 showed optimal performance, while PIDT-253 exhibited high quantum yields. Both were used create biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs). Under 1064 nm irradiation, NPs effectively eliminated 4T1 cancer cells vitro. In vivo studies mice bearing tumors that could accumulate at tumor sites, facilitating treatment varying sizes under provided long-term tracking through imaging, clearly visualizing blood vessels even wavelengths reaching 1500 nm. This approach advances development effective phototheranostic agents for PTT imaging window.

Language: Английский

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Conjugated Polymer for NIR-II Phototheranostics toward Tumor

Chemistry of Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Due to the strong light trapping ability, good biocompatibility, and easily regulated molecular structure, conjugated polymers are becoming a promising tool for phototheranostics of tumors, which can achieve both precise diagnosis efficient therapeutics. Of particular interest is polymer-based theranostic agents applying second near-infrared (NIR-II) window (1000–1700 nm), exhibit great potential clinical applications on account extremely long wavelength. Herein, basic mechanism, advances in recent 6 years, perspectives polymer NIR-II toward tumor discussed successively. First, mechanisms most widely employed modalities presented. In view heat generation property under photoexcitation, fluorescence imaging (FLI)-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) photoacoustic (PAI)-guided PTT. Then, related FLI-guided PTT technology, PAI-guided multimodel theranostics introduced. Finally, development illustrated practical application simultaneously situ tumor.

Language: Английский

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