Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 6, 2024

Abstract Subunit vaccines, significant in next‐generation vaccine development, offer precise targeting of immune responses by focusing on specific antigens. However, this precision often comes at the cost eliciting strong and durable immunity, posing a great challenge to design. To address limitation, recent advancements nanoparticles (NPs) are utilized enhance antigen delivery efficiency boost efficacy. This review examines how physicochemical properties NPs influence various stages response during analyzes different NP types contribute activation performance. It then explores unique characteristics mechanisms these NPs, along with their advancements, highlights application subunit vaccines infectious diseases cancer. Finally, it discusses challenges NP‐based development proposes future directions for innovation promising field.

Language: Английский