Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2350 - 2387

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Language: Английский

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A 19% efficient and stable organic photovoltaic device enabled by a guest nonfullerene acceptor with fibril-like morphology

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 1062 - 1070

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

A nonfullerene acceptor, isoIDITC, capable of exhibiting fibril-like morphology, is utilized as a third component in organic photovoltaic devices. power conversion efficiency 19% achieved ternary PM6:BTP-eC9:isoIDITC bulk-heterojunction

Language: Английский

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Models and mechanisms of ternary organic solar cells

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 456 - 471

Published: March 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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Recent progress in low‐cost noncovalently fused‐ring electron acceptors for organic solar cells

Aggregate, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(6)

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Abstract The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have improved considerably in recent years with the development fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs). Currently, FREAs‐based OSCs achieved high PCEs over 19% single‐junction OSCs. Whereas relatively synthetic complexity and low yield FREAs typically result production costs, hindering commercial application In contrast, noncovalently (NFREAs) can compensate for shortcomings facilitate large‐scale industrial by virtue simple structure, facile synthesis, yield, cost, reasonable efficiency. At present, based on NFREAs exceeded 15% are expected to reach comparable efficiency as Here, advances this review provide insight into improving performance particular, paper focuses effect chemical structures molecule conformation, aggregation, packing mode. Various molecular design strategies, such core, side‐chain, terminal group engineering, presented. addition, some novel polymer all‐polymer also introduced. end, provides an outlook developing efficient, stable, low‐cost achieving applications.

Language: Английский

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Balancing the Selective Absorption and Photon‐to‐Electron Conversion for Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics with 5.0% Light‐Utilization Efficiency

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(41)

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Efficiently converting invisible light while allowing full visible transmission is key to achieving high-performance semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs). Here, a detailed balance strategy explored optimize the ST-OPV via taking both absorption and carrier dynamics into consideration. Based on this principle, comprehensive optimizations are carried out, including ternary strategy, donor:acceptor blend ratio, thickness, antireflection, etc., compromise energy conversion for ST-OPVs. As result, opaque OPV device exhibits champion power efficiency of 19.35% (certificated 19.07%), most strikingly, best shows remarkably high light-utilization 5.0%, where average 12.95% 38.67%, respectively. An 12.09% achieved upscaled with an area 1.05 cm2 , demonstrating its promise large-area fabrication. These results among values Besides, it demonstrated that good infrared light-reflection capability thermal control. This work provides rational design balancing absorbing selectivity photon-to-electron ST-OPVs, may pave way toward practical application solar windows.

Language: Английский

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Structurally Complementary Star‐Shaped Unfused Ring Electron Acceptors with Simultaneously Enhanced Device Parameters for Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Solar RRL, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(11)

Published: April 8, 2023

Ternary strategy has attracted extensive attention for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs) owing to their potentially improved light harvesting, cascaded energy levels, and optimized film morphology of binary BHJs. Herein, three novel star‐shaped unfused ring electron acceptors (SSUFREAs), i.e., H 1–3, with without fluorine‐substituent in phenyl core or peripheral group are designed synthesized as third components via direct C–H arylation incorporate into PM6:Y6 BHJ films. The structure–property–performance dependence study reveals that the isotropic charge transfer, complementary star‐shape structure absorption, energy‐level cascades 1–3 PM6 Y6 allow ternary BHJs have higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared BHJ. Among them, involving fluorine‐free 1, 1:PM6:Y6, possesses highest PCE (16.57%) high‐lying frontier molecular orbital enlarged torsion angle, which enhances open‐circuit voltage, inhibits excessive crystallization Y6, facilitates exciton dissociation well collection. findings indicate SSUFREAs great potential serve optimize improve voltage OSCs.

Language: Английский

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Side-chain engineering of nonfullerene small-molecule acceptors for organic solar cells

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 2732 - 2758

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This review summarizes the side-chain engineering of nonfullerene small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) in field organic solar cells, discusses key structure–property relationships depth and future directions engineering.

Language: Английский

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Recent Developments of Polymer Solar Cells with Photovoltaic Performance over 17%

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(14)

Published: Jan. 22, 2023

Abstract With the emergence of ADA'DA‐type (Y‐series) non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) organic photovoltaic devices have been constantly refreshed and gradually reached 20% in recent years (19% for single junction tandem device). The possess specific design concept, which greatly enrich NFA types excellent compatibility with many donor materials. It is gratifying to note that previously underperforming materials combine these regulated shine again. Nowadays, concept modular widely used research donors, injecting new vitality into field photovoltaics. Furthermore, also promote multicomponent devices, bilayer processing solvent engineering, additive engineering. Herein, latest progresses polymer solar cells efficiency over 17% are briefly reviewed from aspects active material design, interface development, device technology. At last, opportunities challenges commercialization future discussed.

Language: Английский

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Hybrid Cycloalkyl‐Alkyl Chain‐Based Symmetric/Asymmetric Acceptors with Optimized Crystal Packing and Interfacial Exciton Properties for Efficient Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(7)

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Abstract Hybrid cycloalkyl‐alkyl side chains are considered a unique composite side‐chain system for the construction of novel organic semiconductor materials. However, there is lack fundamental understanding variations in single‐crystal structures as well optoelectronic and energetic properties generated by introduction hybrid electron acceptors. Herein, symmetric/asymmetric acceptors (Y‐C10ch A‐C10ch) bearing bilateral unilateral 10‐cyclohexyldecyl designed, synthesized, compared with symmetric acceptor 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐butyloctyl)‐3,9 bis(ethylhexyl)‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″′:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5] pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐ diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (L8‐BO). The stepwise decreases optical bandgap, deepens energy level, enables molecules to pack closely regular manner. Crystallographic analysis demonstrates that chain endows more planar skeleton enforces compact 3D network packing, resulting an active layer higher domain purity. Moreover, affects donor/acceptor interfacial energetics accelerates exciton dissociation, enabling power conversion efficiency (PCE) >18% 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″′:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y6) (PM6):A‐C10ch‐based solar cells (OSCs). Importantly, incorporation Y‐C10ch third component PM6:L8‐BO blend results PCE 19.1%. superior molecular packing behavior highlighted here fabrication high‐performance OSCs.

Language: Английский

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BN‐Bond‐Embedded Triplet Terpolymers with Small Singlet–Triplet Energy Gaps for Suppressing Non‐Radiative Recombination and Improving Blend Morphology in Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(17)

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Suppressing the photon energy loss (Eloss ), especially non-radiative loss, is of importance to further improve device performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, typical π-conjugated semiconductors possess a large singlet-triplet gap (ΔEST leading lower triplet state than charge transfer and contributing channel photocurrent by state. Herein, series polymer donors are developed introducing BNIDT block into PM6 backbone. The high electron affinity opposite resonance effect BN bond in results lowered highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) largely reduced ΔEST . Moreover, morphology active blends also optimized fine-tuning content. Therefore, recombination via terminal channels traps effectively suppressed. PNB-3 (with 3% BNIDT):L8-BO exhibits both small morphology, favoring more efficient transport. Finally, simultaneously enhanced Voc 0.907 V, Jsc 26.59 mA cm-2 , FF 78.86% contribute champion PCE 19.02%. bonds benchmark polymers possible avenue toward higher-performance OSCs.

Language: Английский

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