Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2350 - 2387

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Language: Английский

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20.2% Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics Employing a π‐Extension Quinoxaline‐Based Acceptor with Ordered Arrangement

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(33)

Published: June 20, 2024

Organic solar cells, as a cutting-edge sustainable renewable energy technology, possess myriad of potential applications, while the bottleneck problem less than 20% efficiency limits further development. Simultaneously achieving an ordered molecular arrangement, appropriate crystalline domain size, and reduced nonradiative recombination poses significant challenge is pivotal for overcoming limitations. This study employs dual strategy involving development novel acceptor ternary blending to address this challenge. A non-fullerene acceptor, SMA, characterized by highly arrangement high lowest unoccupied orbital level, synthesized. By incorporating SMA guest in PM6:BTP-eC9 system, it observed that staggered liquid-solid transition donor facilitating crystallization ordering maintaining suitable size. Furthermore, optimized vertical morphology bimolecular recombination. As result, device achieved champion 20.22%, accompanied increased voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor. Notably, stabilized 18.42% attained flexible devices. underscores synergistic approach integrating material innovation techniques optimizing bulk heterojunction photovoltaic performance.

Language: Английский

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Unidirectional Sidechain Engineering to Construct Dual‐Asymmetric Acceptors for 19.23 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss and Efficient Charge Transfer

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(36)

Published: July 18, 2023

Achieving both high open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and short-circuit current density (Jsc to boost power-conversion efficiency (PCE) is a major challenge for organic solar cells (OSCs), wherein energy loss (Eloss inefficient charge transfer usually take place. Here, three new Y-series acceptors of mono-asymmetric asy-YC11 dual-asymmetric bi-asy-YC9 bi-asy-YC12 are developed. They share the same asymmetric D1 AD2 (D1 =thieno[3,2-b]thiophene D2 =selenopheno[3,2-b]thiophene) fused-core but have different unidirectional sidechain on side, allowing fine-tuned molecular properties, such as intermolecular interaction, packing pattern, crystallinity. Among binary blends, PM6 : one has better morphology with appropriate phase separation higher order than asy-YC9 bi-asy-YC11 ones. Therefore, bi-asy-YC12-based OSCs offer PCE 17.16 % Voc Jsc , due reduced Eloss efficient properties. Inspired by strong NIR-absorption, introduced into L8-BO construct ternary OSCs. Thanks broadened absorption, optimized morphology, furtherly minimized achieve champion 19.23 %, which highest efficiencies among these annealing-free devices. Our developed engineering constructing bi-asymmetric provides an approach

Language: Английский

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Step-by-Step Modulation of Crystalline Features and Exciton Kinetics for 19.2% Efficiency Ortho-Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Abstract With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) construction strategies proposed applied, its power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have come to a new level over 19% in single-junction devices. However, previous studies are heavily based chloroform (CF) leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies understanding the influence solvent choice when introducing third component. Herein, we present case where newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy, named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap, brings different morphological evolution performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9, processed by CF ortho-xylene ( o -XY). detailed analyses supported series experiments, best PCE 19.24% for green solvent-processed OSCs is found be fruit finely tuned crystalline ordering general aggregation motif, which furthermore nourishes favorable charge generation recombination behavior. Likewise, can achieved replacing spin-coating blade coating active layer deposition. This work focuses commonly met yet frequently ignored issues building blends demonstrate cutting-edge device performance, hence, will instructive other OSC works future.

Language: Английский

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Over 19 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Manipulating the Intermolecular Interactions through Side Chain Fluorine Functionalization

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(15)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Fluorine side chain functionalization of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) represents an effective strategy for enhancing the performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, a knowledge gap persists regarding relationship between structural changes induced by fluorine and resultant impact on device performance. In this work, varying amounts atoms were introduced into outer chains Y-series NFAs to construct two named BTP-F0 BTP-F5. Theoretical experimental investigations reveal that side-chain fluorination significantly increase overall average electrostatic potential (ESP) charge balance factor, thereby effectively improving ESP-induced intermolecular interaction, thus precisely tuning molecular packing bulk-heterojunction morphology. Therefore, BTP-F5-based OSC exhibited enhanced crystallinity, domain purity, reduced spacing, optimized phase distribution in vertical direction. This facilitates exciton diffusion, suppresses recombination, improves extraction. Consequently, promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) 17.3 % 19.2 achieved binary ternary devices, respectively, surpassing PCE 16.1 BTP-F0-based OSCs. work establishes structure-performance demonstrates is compelling achieving ideal separation highly efficient

Language: Английский

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Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(9), P. 4674 - 4706

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review summarizes the recent progress, key design principles and prospects of dimer multimer acceptors for developing polymer solar cells (PSCs) with high efficiency long-term stability.

Language: Английский

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High Open‐Circuit Voltage Organic Solar Cells with 19.2% Efficiency Enabled by Synergistic Side‐Chain Engineering

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(26)

Published: March 28, 2024

Abstract Restricted by the energy‐gap law, state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit relatively low open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) because of large nonradiative energy losses (Δ E nonrad ). Moreover, trade‐off between and external quantum efficiency (EQE) OSCs is more distinctive; power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are still <15% with s >1.0 V. Herein, electronic properties aggregation behaviors non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) carefully considered then a new NFA (Z19) delicately designed simultaneously introducing alkoxy phenyl‐substituted alkyl chains to conjugated backbone. Z19 exhibits hypochromatic‐shifted absorption spectrum, high‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level ordered 2D packing mode. The D18:Z19‐based blend film favorable phase separation face‐on dominated orientation, facilitating charge transport properties. Consequently, D18:Z19 binary devices afford an exciting PCE 19.2% high 1.002 V, surpassing Y6‐2O‐based devices. former highest reported date for Δ Z19‐ (0.200 eV) (0.155 lower than that Y6‐based (0.239 Indications design such NFA, considering could promote breakthrough in OSCs.

Language: Английский

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Precisely Manipulating Molecular Packing via Tuning Alkyl Side‐Chain Topology Enabling High‐Performance Nonfused‐Ring Electron Acceptors

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(10)

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

In the development of high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs), self-organization semiconductors plays a crucial role. This study focuses on precisely manipulation molecular assemble via tuning alkyl side-chain topology in series low-cost nonfused-ring electron acceptors (NFREAs). Among three NFREAs investigated, DPA-4, which possesses an asymmetric length, exhibits tight packing crystal and high crystallinity film, contributing to improved mobility favorable film morphology for DPA-4. As result, OSC device based DPA-4 achieves excellent power conversion efficiency 16.67 %, ranking among highest efficiencies NFREA-based OSCs.

Language: Английский

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The Asymmetric Strategy of Small‐Molecule Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(17)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract The conjugated small‐molecule materials of organic solar cells have always played a crucial role in light‐harvesting, charge transport, morphology optimization, and the attainment efficient devices. advancement novel understanding underlying molecular design rules serve as driving force for furthering stable photovoltaic Among variety principles, symmetry‐breaking strategy, which is well developed 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d’]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b’]dithiophene (ITIC)‐series acceptors, recently demonstrates great potential acceptors donors realizing high power conversion efficiency. In this review, order to give deep insight on asymmetric are systematically summarized with structure elucidate structure‐performance relationship, packing behaviors, evolution. Not only delicate balance between open circuit voltage short‐circuit current density, but also reductions recombination non‐radiative considered play key points improving performance when molecule used host or guest materials. Finally, concise challenges outlooks provided future development application molecules strategies.

Language: Английский

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19% efficiency in organic solar cells of Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]Difuran-based donor polymer realized by volatile + non-volatile dual-solid-additive strategy

Materials Science and Engineering R Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 100794 - 100794

Published: April 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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