Efficient Gradient-Based Metasurface Optimization toward the Limits of Wavelength-Polarization Multiplexing

Nano Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2025

Polarization and wavelength multiplexing are the two widely employed techniques to improve capacity in metasurfaces. While previous studies have pushed channel numbers of each technique its individual limits, achieving simultaneous limits both still presents challenges. Furthermore, current methods often suffer from computational inefficiencies, hindering their applicability computationally intensive tasks. In this work, we introduce experimentally validate a gradient-based optimization algorithm using deep neural network (DNN) achieve polarization with high efficiency. By leveraging efficiency DNN-based method, further implement nine multiplexed channels (three wavelengths × three polarizations) for large-scale image recognition tasks total 36 classes single-layer metasurface. The classification accuracy reaches 96% simulations 91.5% experiments. Our work sets new benchmark high-capacity inverse design advanced optical elements.

Language: Английский

36‐Channel Spin and Wavelength Co‐Multiplexed Metasurface Holography by Phase‐Gradient Inverse Design

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 8, 2025

Abstract Metasurface holography has emerged as a versatile tool for manipulating light at subwavelength scales, offering enhanced capabilities in multiplexing high‐resolution holographic images. However, the scalability of channel remains significant challenge. In this paper, high‐capacity single‐cell metasurface is presented capable maximizing channels by images across both spin and wavelength using single‐phase map. The achievement simultaneous left‐ right‐circular polarization states detailed broad spectral range, from visible to near‐infrared wavelengths, metasurface, optimized through an inverse design minimize loss between target output automatic differentiation. phase profile encode multiple without requiring complex meta‐atoms, thereby reducing fabrication complexity while maintaining high performance. Using method, two implementations are demonstrated, 8‐channel hologram covering regions 36‐channel operating full‐visible spectrum 18 wavelengths separated 20‐nm intervals. Furthermore, noise‐related functions incorporated into optimization process suppress background noise inter‐channel crosstalk, resulting significantly improved image quality fidelity. This approach offers reliable solution further photonic applications such displays, optical data storage, information encryption.

Language: Английский

Advancements in Metasurfaces for Polarization Control: A Comprehensive Survey

Next research., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100407 - 100407

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский