Exosomes: key players in cancer and potential therapeutic strategy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Aug. 5, 2020

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in intercellular communication. The components of exosomes, including proteins, DNA, mRNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, circular etc., which play a crucial role regulating tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis the process cancer development, can be used as prognostic marker and/or grading basis for patients. Hereby, we mainly summarized followed: exosome contents cancer, focusing on proteins RNA; interaction between exosomes microenvironment; mechanisms that epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion migration affected exosomes; suppression strategies based exosomes. Finally, application potential clinical diagnosis therapy is prospected, providing theoretical supports using to serve precise treatment clinic.

Language: Английский

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Exosome-based immunotherapy: a promising approach for cancer treatment

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Nov. 12, 2020

Abstract In the era of rapid development cancer immunotherapy, there is a high level interest in application cell-released small vesicles that stimulate immune system. As cell-derived nanovesicles, exosomes show great promise immunotherapy because their immunogenicity and molecular transfer function. The cargoes carried on have been recently identified with improved technological advances play functional roles regulation responses. particular, derived from tumor cells exhibit unique composition profiles are directly involved anticancer immunotherapy. More importantly, can deliver to targeted thus influence phenotype immune-regulation functions cells. Accumulating evidence over last decade has further revealed participate multiple cellular processes contributing therapeutic effects, showing dual characteristics promoting suppressing cancer. potential field huge, may become most effective vaccines, as well antigen/drug carriers. Understanding how be utilized therapy important for controlling progression; additionally, implications diagnostics novel strategies. This review discusses role carriers an anti-cancer response predictive markers activation; furthermore, it summarizes mechanism clinical prospects exosome-based human

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers ubiquitously released from cells under normal pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation proteins non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological events, including those within tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, disease biomarkers. Especially cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave way early identification offers potential diagnostic Moreover, subtypes emerging targeted tools, highlighting clinical significance. The need non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping unique composition could unlock advanced avenues future. In this review, we discuss detail conditions, cancers (encompassing head neck, lung, gastric, breast, hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune renal diseases, emphasizing advancements molecular diagnostics delivery.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Immune Microenvironment and Cancer Immunotherapy

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(24)

Published: Oct. 23, 2019

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by almost all cells. They contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids which delivered from the parent cells to recipient Thereby, they function as mediators of intercellular communication molecular transfer. Recent evidences suggest that exosomes, a small subset EVs, involved in numerous physiological pathological processes play essential roles remodeling tumor immune microenvironment even before occurrence metastasis cancer. Exosomes derived host mediate their mutual regulation locally or remotely, thereby determining responsiveness cancer therapies. As such, tumor‐derived circulating exosomes considered noninvasive biomarkers for early detection diagnosis tumor. Exosome‐based therapies also emerging cutting‐edge promising strategies could be applied suppress progression enhance anti‐tumor immunity. Herein, current understanding key modulating responses, well potential therapeutic applications outlined. The limitations studies presented directions future research described.

Language: Английский

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Role of exosomal non-coding RNAs from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment

Molecular Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(10), P. 3133 - 3154

Published: April 9, 2022

Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions between tumor cells tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved various physiological processes. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs induce M2 macrophage polarization through signaling pathway activation, signal transduction, transcriptional post-transcriptional regulation. Conversely, TAM-derived promote proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, immunosuppression. MicroRNAs gene silencing by directly targeting mRNAs, whereas lncRNAs circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to indirectly regulate protein expressions. The of tumor-host is ubiquitous. Current research increasingly focused on the microenvironment. On basis "cancer-immunity cycle" hypothesis, we discuss effects immune T cell exhaustion, overexpression programmed death ligands, create immunosuppressive Furthermore, potential applications prospects clinical biomarkers drug delivery systems. 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Language: Английский

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Exosomal miRNAs in tumor microenvironment

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(1)

Published: April 16, 2020

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment in which tumor cells survive, consisting of cells, fibroblasts, endothelial and immune as well non-cellular components, such exosomes cytokines. Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles (40-160nm) containing active substances, proteins, lipids nucleic acids. carry biologically miRNAs to shuttle between TME, thereby affecting development. Tumor-derived exosomal induce matrix reprogramming creating a that conducive growth, metastasis, escape chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we updated role process TME reshaping.

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes: A Promising Biological Tool in Nanomedicine

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 25, 2021

As nano-scale biological vesicles, extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes, in particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exosomes), have been studied the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of many diseases. In addition, through combination nanotechnology biotechnology, emerged as innovative tools for development nanomedicine. This review focuses on a profound summarization MSC-exosomes powerful tool bionanomedicine. It systemically summarizes role nanocarrier, drug loading tissue engineering, their potential contribution series diseases well advantages over synthetic nanoparticles disadvantages. The in-depth understanding functions mechanisms provides insights into basic research clinical transformation field

Language: Английский

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Exosome: a significant nano-scale drug delivery carrier

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(34), P. 7591 - 7608

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Exosomes have outstanding advantages as drug delivery carriers in the treatment of various diseases.

Language: Английский

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Cancer treatment therapies: traditional to modern approaches to combat cancers

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(11), P. 9663 - 9676

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell generation via IL-6/exosomal miR-21-activated STAT3 signaling to promote cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 518, P. 35 - 48

Published: June 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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