Organs-on-chips technologies – A guide from disease models to opportunities for drug development

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 231, P. 115271 - 115271

Published: March 31, 2023

Current in-vitro 2D cultures and animal models present severe limitations in recapitulating human physiopathology with striking discrepancies estimating drug efficacy side effects when compared to trials. For these reasons, microphysiological systems, organ-on-chip multiorgans microdevices attracted considerable attention as novel tools for high-throughput high-content research achieve an improved understanding of diseases accelerate the development process towards more precise eventually personalized standards. This review takes form a guide on this fast-growing field, providing useful introduction major themes indications further readings. We start analyzing Organs-on-chips (OOC) technologies testing administration routes: (1) oral/rectal route by intestine-on-a-chip, (2) inhalation lung-on-a-chip, (3) transdermal skin-on-a-chip (4) intravenous through vascularization models, considering how drugs penetrate bloodstream are conveyed their targets. Then, we focus OOC (other) specific organs diseases: neurodegenerative brain blood barriers, tumor including vascularization, organoids/spheroids, engineering screening antitumor drugs, liver/kidney chips multiorgan gastrointestinal metabolic assessment biomechanical systems heart, muscles bones structures related diseases. Successively, discuss materials organ chips, microfluidic organs-on-chips, sensor integration real-time monitoring, cell lines chips. (Nano)delivery approaches therapeutics chip also described. Finally, conclude critical discussion current significance/relevance, trends, limitations, challenges future prospects terms revolutionary impact biomedical research, preclinical development.

Language: Английский

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Organ-on-a-chip meets artificial intelligence in drug evaluation

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 4526 - 4558

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Drug evaluation has always been an important area of research in the pharmaceutical industry. However, animal welfare protection and other shortcomings traditional drug development models pose obstacles challenges to evaluation. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology, which simulates human organs on a chip physiological environment functionality, with high fidelity reproduction organ-level physiology or pathophysiology, exhibits great promise for innovating pipeline. Meanwhile, advancement artificial intelligence (AI) provides more improvements design data processing OoCs. Here, we review current progress that made generate OoC platforms, how single multi-OoCs have used applications, including testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine. Moreover, discuss issues facing field, such as large reproducibility, point integration OoCs AI analysis automation, is benefit future Finally, look forward opportunities faced by coupling AI. In summary, advancements development, combinations AI, will eventually break state

Language: Английский

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Microfluidic Synthesis of Multifunctional Micro-/Nanomaterials from Process Intensification: Structural Engineering to High Electrochemical Energy Storage

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(32), P. 20957 - 20979

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Multifunctional micro-/nanomaterials featuring functional superiority and high value-added physicochemical nature have received immense attention in electrochemical energy storage. Microfluidic synthesis has become an emergent technology for massively producing multifunctional with tunable microstructure morphology due to its rapid mass/heat transfer precise fluid controllability. In this review, the latest progresses achievements microfluidic-synthesized are summarized via reaction process intensification, micro-/nanostructural engineering storage applications. The intensification mechanisms of various micro-/nanomaterials, including quantum dots (QDs), metal materials, conducting polymers, metallic oxides, polyanionic compounds, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) two-dimensional (2D) discussed. Especially, structural principles as-fabricated such as vertically aligned structure, heterostructure, core–shell microsphere, introduced. Subsequently, application as-prepared is clarified supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion all-vanadium redox flow dielectric capacitors. Finally, current problems future forecasts illustrated.

Language: Английский

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In Vitro Strategies to Vascularize 3D Physiologically Relevant Models

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(19)

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Abstract Vascularization of 3D models represents a major challenge tissue engineering and key prerequisite for their clinical industrial application. The use prevascularized built from dedicated materials could solve some the actual limitations, such as suboptimal integration bioconstructs within host tissue, would provide more in vivo‐like perfusable organ‐specific platforms. In last decade, fabrication vascularized physiologically relevant constructs has been attempted by numerous strategies, which are classified here microfluidic technology, coculture models, namely, spheroids organoids, biofabrication. this review, recent advancements prevascularization techniques increasing natural synthetic to build physiological discussed. Current drawbacks each future perspectives, translation toward clinics, pharmaceutical field, industry also presented. By combining complementary these envisioned be successfully used regenerative medicine drug development near future.

Language: Английский

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Microreactor-based micro/nanomaterials: fabrication, advances, and outlook

Materials Horizons, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 2343 - 2372

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Layout structure of this review. Highlighting the fabrication, design principles and applications microreactors for synthesis inorganic, organic composite micro/nanomaterials.

Language: Английский

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An Overview on the Big Players in Bone Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials, Scaffolds and Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3836 - 3836

Published: March 29, 2024

Presently, millions worldwide suffer from degenerative and inflammatory bone joint issues, comprising roughly half of chronic ailments in those over 50, leading to prolonged discomfort physical limitations. These conditions become more prevalent with age lifestyle factors, escalating due the growing elderly populace. Addressing these challenges often entails surgical interventions utilizing implants or grafts, though treatments may entail complications such as pain tissue death at donor sites for along immune rejection. To surmount challenges, engineering has emerged a promising avenue injury repair reconstruction. It involves use different biomaterials development three-dimensional porous matrices scaffolds, alongside osteoprogenitor cells growth factors stimulate natural regeneration. This review compiles methodologies that can be used develop are important replacement Biomaterials orthopedic implants, several scaffold types production methods, well techniques assess biomaterials’ suitability human use—both laboratory settings within living organisms—are discussed. Even researchers have had some success, there is still room improvements their processing techniques, especially ones make scaffolds mechanically stronger without weakening biological characteristics. Bone therefore area rise bone-related injuries.

Language: Английский

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Highly oriented hydrogels for tissue regeneration: design strategies, cellular mechanisms, and biomedical applications

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1982 - 2035

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Many human tissues exhibit a highly oriented architecture that confers them with distinct mechanical properties, enabling adaptation to diverse and challenging environments. Hydrogels, their water-rich "soft wet" structure, have emerged as promising biomimetic materials in tissue engineering for repairing replacing damaged organs. Highly hydrogels can especially emulate the structural orientation found tissue, exhibiting unique physiological functions properties absent traditional homogeneous isotropic hydrogels. The design preparation of involve strategies like including nanofillers, polymer-chain networks, void channels, microfabricated structures. Understanding specific mechanism action how these affect cell behavior biological applications such cornea, skin, skeletal muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, heart, etc., requires further exploration generalization. Therefore, this review aims fill gap by focusing on strategy application field engineering. Furthermore, we provide detailed discussion various organs mechanisms through which structures influence behavior.

Language: Английский

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Vascularization Strategies in 3D Cell Culture Models: From Scaffold-Free Models to 3D Bioprinting

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(23), P. 14582 - 14582

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

The discrepancies between the findings in preclinical studies, and vivo testing clinical trials have resulted gradual decline drug approval rates over past decades. Conventional vitro screening platforms employ two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models, which demonstrate inaccurate responses by failing to capture three-dimensional (3D) tissue microenvironment vivo. Recent advancements field of engineering made possible creation 3D systems that can accurately recapitulate cell–cell cell–extracellular matrix interactions, as well replicate intricate microarchitectures observed native tissues. However, lack a perfusion system cultures hinders establishment models potential platforms. Over years, multiple techniques successfully demonstrated vascularization cultures, simulating vivo-like proposing use eliminate deviations testing. In this review, basic principles are briefly introduced, current research demonstrating development is discussed, with particular focus on these future

Language: Английский

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Human Organ-on-a-Chip Microphysiological Systems to Model Musculoskeletal Pathologies and Accelerate Therapeutic Discovery

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 14, 2022

Human Microphysiological Systems (hMPS), otherwise known as organ- and tissue-on-a-chip models, are an emerging technology with the potential to replace in vivo animal studies vitro models that emulate human physiology at basic levels. hMPS platforms designed overcome limitations of two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems by mimicking 3D tissue organization microenvironmental cues physiologically clinically relevant. Unlike studies, can be configured for high content or throughput screening preclinical drug development. Applications modeling acute chronic injuries musculoskeletal system slowly developing. However, complexity load bearing nature tissues joints present unique challenges related our limited understanding disease mechanisms lack consensus biomarkers guide biological therapy With emphasis on examples tissues, chips, organoids, this review highlights current trends microphysiological technology. The surveys state-of-the-art design fabrication considerations inspired lessons from bioreactors variables emphasizing role induced pluripotent stem cells genetic engineering creating isogenic, patient-specific multicellular hMPS. major using chips identified, including incorporating barriers, simulating joint compartments heterogenous interfaces, immune interactions inflammatory factors, effects loading, recording nociceptors responses surrogates pain outcomes, dynamic injury healing monitoring secreted proteins real time, arrayed formats robotic screens. Overcoming these barriers will revolutionize research enabling relevant, predictive diseases accelerate de-risk therapeutic discovery translation clinic.

Language: Английский

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Will microfluidics enable functionally integrated biohybrid robots?

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(35)

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

The next robotics frontier will be led by biohybrids. Capable biohybrid robots require microfluidics to sustain, improve, and scale the architectural complexity of their core ingredient: biological tissues. Advances in have already revolutionized disease modeling drug development, are positioned impact regenerative medicine but yet apply Fusing with living materials improve tissue perfusion maturation, enable precise patterning sensing, processing, control elements. This perspective suggests future developments advanced

Language: Английский

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