Synthetic Cells Revisited: Artificial Cell Construction Using Polymeric Building Blocks

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8)

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

The exponential growth of research on artificial cells and organelles underscores their potential as tools to advance the understanding fundamental biological processes. bottom-up construction from a variety building blocks at micro- nanoscale, in combination with biomolecules is key developing cells. In this review, are focused upon based compartments where polymers main constituent assembly. Polymers particular interest due incredible chemical advantage tuning properties functionality assemblies. First, architectures nanoscale polymer assemblies introduced then usage elaborated upon. Different membrane-bound membrane-less supramolecular structures how they combine into advanced synthetic presented. Then, functional aspects explored, addressing giant mimic cellular Finally, communicate surrounding each other such adapt an ever-changing environment achieve collective behavior steppingstone toward tissues, taken look at. Engineering highly controllable programmable features open new avenues for development sophisticated multifunctional systems.

Language: Английский

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Cell-free systems: A synthetic biology tool for rapid prototyping in metabolic engineering

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108522 - 108522

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Programmable Enzymatic Reaction Network in Artificial Cell‐Like Polymersomes

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(24)

Published: April 16, 2024

Abstract The ability to precisely control in vitro enzymatic reactions synthetic cells plays a crucial role the bottom‐up design of artificial cell models that can recapitulate key cellular features and functions such as metabolism. However, integration has been limited bulk or microfluidic emulsions without membrane, lacking more sophisticated higher‐order communities for reconstituting spatiotemporal biological information at multiple length scales. Herein, droplet microfluidics is utilized synthesize cell‐like polymersomes with distinct molecular permeability driven by external signals fuels. presence competing reverse reaction depletes active substrates shown enable demonstration fuel‐driven formation sub‐microcompartments within well realization out‐of‐equilibrium systems. In addition, different characteristics polymersome membranes are exploited successfully construct programmable network mimics communication heterogeneous community through selective transport.

Language: Английский

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Applications of Microbial Organophosphate-Degrading Enzymes to Detoxification of Organophosphorous Compounds for Medical Countermeasures against Poisoning and Environmental Remediation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7822 - 7822

Published: July 17, 2024

Mining of organophosphorous (OPs)-degrading bacterial enzymes in collections known strains and natural biotopes are important research fields that lead to the isolation novel OP-degrading enzymes. Then, implementation strategies methods protein engineering nanobiotechnology allow large-scale production enzymes, displaying improved catalytic properties for medical uses protection environment. For applications, enzyme formulations must be stable bloodstream upon storage not susceptible induce iatrogenic effects. This, particular, includes nanoencapsulation bioscavengers origin. In application field bioremediation, these play a crucial role environmental cleanup by initiating degradation OPs, such as pesticides, contaminated environments. microbial cell configuration, can break down chemical bonds OPs usually convert them into less toxic metabolites through biotransformation process or contribute their complete mineralization. purified state, they exhibit higher pollutant efficiencies ability operate under different conditions. Thus, this review provides clear overview current knowledge about applications OP-reacting It presents works focusing on use various bioremediation mitigate pollution medicine alternative therapeutic means against OP poisoning.

Language: Английский

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Advancing Artificial Cells with Functional Compartmentalized Polymeric Systems - In Honor of Wolfgang Meier

Biomacromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 5454 - 5467

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

The fundamental building block of living organisms is the cell, which universal biological base all entities. This micrometric mass cytoplasm and membrane border have fascinated scientists due to highly complex multicompartmentalized structure. specific organization enables numerous metabolic reactions occur simultaneously in segregated spaces, without disturbing each other, but with a promotion inter- intracellular communication biomolecules. At present, artificial nano- microcompartments, whether as single components or self-organized multicompartment architectures, hold significant value study life development advanced functional materials fabrication molecular devices for medical applications. These compartments also possess properties encapsulate, protect, control release bio(macro)molecules through selective transport processes, they are capable embedding being connected other types compartments. self-assembly mechanism synthetic thus simulated organelle some major aspects gain insight. Considerable efforts now been devoted design various microcompartments understand their functionality precise over properties. Of particular interest use polymeric vesicles cells colloidal systems reinitiate chemical close gap toward functions. Multicompartment can be effectively created high level hierarchical control. In this way, these structures not only explored deepen our understanding cells, pave way many more exciting developments biomedical field.

Language: Английский

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Membrane Permeability and Responsiveness Drive Performance: Linking Structural Features with the Antitumor Effectiveness of Doxorubicin-Loaded Stimuli-Triggered Polymersomes

Biomacromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 4192 - 4202

Published: June 25, 2024

The permeability and responsiveness of polymer membranes are absolutely relevant in the design polymersomes for cargo delivery. Accordingly, we herein correlate structural features, permeability, doxorubicin-loaded (DOX-loaded) nonresponsive stimuli-responsive with their vitro vivo antitumor performance. Polymer vesicles were produced using amphiphilic block copolymers containing a hydrophilic poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (PHPMA) segment linked to poly[N-(4-isopropylphenylacetamide)ethyl methacrylate] (PPPhA, block), poly[4-(4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl [PbAPE, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive block], or poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl (PDPA, pH-responsive block). PDPA-based demonstrated outstanding biological performance activity notably enhanced compared counterparts. We attribute this behavior fast-triggered DOX release acidic tumor environments as induced by polymersome disassembly at pH < 6.8. Possibly, an insufficient ROS concentration selected model attenuates rate ROS-responsive vesicle degradation, whereas nature PPPhA remarkably impacts such potential nanomedicines.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Tuning the Hydrophobicity in ABA‐Type Amphiphilic Polythiourethane on the Dye Loading and Stability of Formed Polymersomes Using Pendant Aromatic Groups

Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Polymersomes are polymeric vesicles composed of amphiphilic block copolymers with a hydrophilic inner lumen and hydrophobic membrane, capable encapsulating both payloads, payloads. The one‐pot synthesis self‐assembly polyethylene‐glycol‐based polythiourethanes consisting pendant methyl or aromatic ester reported here. During the ring opening cyclodithiocarbonate using ethylene diamine hexyl diamine, generated thiols utilized to modify backbone methyl, benzyl, diphenyl esters. containing P3 P4 has higher dye loading than other polymers P1 P2. All have hydrodynamic diameters in range 40–98 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that all able form spherical aggregates 38.1 ± 7.7 85.1 27.4 Among them, side‐chain‐containing 42% 57% calcein encapsulation efficiency, whereas methyl‐ester‐containing 70% 60% efficiency. longer spacers (P2–P4) groups (P3 P4) shown better stability slow exchange over 48 h compared polymer an aliphatic side chain shorter spacer probed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) study.

Language: Английский

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Polymeric Nanoarchitectures: Advanced Cargo Systems for Biological Applications

Macromolecular Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Abstract Polymeric nanoarchitectures are crafted from amphiphilic block copolymers through a meticulous self‐assembly process. The composition of these is finely adjustable, bestowing precise control over the characteristics and properties resultant polymeric assemblies. These nanoparticles have garnered significant attention, particularly in realm biological sciences, owing to their biocompatibility, favorable pharmacokinetics, facile chemically modifiable nature. Among myriad nanoarchitectures, micelles polymersomes stand out as frontrunners, exhibiting much potential cargo carrier systems for diverse bio‐applications. This review elucidates design strategies employed assemblies, specifically focusing on polymersomes. Subsequently, it discusses wide‐ranging bio‐applications, spanning drug delivery diagnostics bioimaging artificial cell applications. Finally, reflective analysis will be provided, highlighting current landscape carriers, discussing opportunities challenges that lie ahead. With this review, aimed summarize recent advances assemblies applications biomedical field.

Language: Английский

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Recent Progress of Artificial Cells in Structure Design, Functionality and the Prospects in Food Biotechnology

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 101565 - 101565

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Artificial cells have bridged the gap between non-living systems and biological cells. In recent years, artificial designed to simulate cellular structure function garnered significant attention. These demonstrate vast potential for advancements in various biomedical areas, including simulating cell function, creating innovative biosensors, facilitating bioactives transport, enabling micro nanoreactors, improving targeted therapy chronic foodborne diseases. interdisciplinary field of construction, based on their constituent components, these can be categorized into lipid/polymer vesicles, coacervate, colloidosome, metal-organic framework (MOF) They are anticipated significantly enhance food science, particularly optimization, precise nutrition delivery, nutrient release, rapid detection methods. Consequently, this paper will comprehensively cover historical background, fabrication techniques, structural characteristics From a functional design perspective, review examines growth division mechanisms, energy production processes, encapsulation reaction vessels, carriers, information exchange Ultimately, it provides comprehensive evaluation safety from both environmental viewpoints, introduce expand application scenarios biotechnology science.

Language: Английский

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Advances in networking droplets

Droplet, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Abstract Compartmentalization in living systems, where multiple reactions occur parallel within confined spaces, has inspired the development of droplet networks past decade. These fascinating assemblies offer unique and versatile functions that are unattainable by single droplets have shown their potential as advanced platforms for chemical biological applications. This review highlights recent progress creation application networks, covering strategies generating assembling them into functional networks. Key applications such microreactors, signal conductors, actuators, power sources summarized. We also discuss challenges future trends this field, aiming to narrow gap between fundamental research real

Language: Английский

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