Hard carbon for sodium storage: mechanism and optimization strategies toward commercialization

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 2244 - 2262

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon, optimization strategies electrochemical performance, and the scientific challenges towards commercialization sodium-ion batteries were systematically summarized analyzed.

Language: Английский

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Reconfiguring Hard Carbons with Emerging Sodium‐Ion Batteries: A Perspective

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(31)

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract Hard carbons, an important category of amorphous are non‐graphitizable and widely accepted as the most promising anode materials for emerging sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs)， because their changeable low‐potential charge/discharge plateaus. However, microstructures not fixed difficult to accurately demonstrate graphites do. The successful use hard carbons in SIBs revives interest clearly picture complicated that close relevance sodium storage. In this review, past definitions structural models revisited first, a renewed understanding storage is presented. Three critical features highlighted namely crystallites, defects, nanopores, which directly responsible presence plateaus reversible extension. impact these upon then deeply discussed sieving finally proposed ideal configuration carbon superhigh This review expected offer clear help realize truly rational design high‐capacity anodes, driving industrialization SIBs, more promisingly open up window exploring possible new uses.

Language: Английский

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Enabling Fast Na⁺ Transfer Kinetics in the Whole‐Voltage‐Region of Hard‐Carbon Anodes for Ultrahigh‐Rate Sodium Storage

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(13)

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Efficient electrode materials, that combine high power and energy, are the crucial requisites of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which have unwrapped new possibilities in areas grid-scale energy storage. Hard carbons (HCs) considered as leading candidate anode materials for SIBs, however, primary challenge slow charge-transfer kinetics at low potential region (<0.1 V) remains unresolved till date, underlying structure-performance correlation is under debate. Herein, ultrafast sodium storage whole-voltage-region (0.01-2 V), with Na+ diffusion coefficient enhanced by 2 orders magnitude (≈10-7 cm2 s-1 ) through rationally deploying physical parameters HCs using a ZnO-assisted bulk etching strategy reported. It unveiled adsorption (Ea barrier (Eb positive negative linear relationship carbon p-band center, respectively, balance Ea Eb critical enhancing charge-storage kinetics. The mechanism evidenced comprehensive in(ex) situ techniques. prepared microspheres deliver record rate performance 107 mAh g-1 @ 50 A unprecedented electrochemical extremely temperature (426 -40 °C).

Language: Английский

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Interfacial‐Catalysis‐Enabled Layered and Inorganic‐Rich SEI on Hard Carbon Anodes in Ester Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(29)

Published: April 5, 2023

Abstract Constructing a homogenous and inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) can efficiently improve the overall sodium‐storage performance of hard carbon (HC) anodes. However, thick heterogenous SEI derived from conventional ester electrolytes fails to meet above requirements. Herein, an innovative interfacial catalysis mechanism is proposed design favorable in by reconstructing surface functionality HC, which abundant CO (carbonyl) bonds are accurately homogenously implanted. The act as active centers that controllably catalyze preferential reduction salts directionally guide growth form homogenous, layered, SEI. Therefore, excessive solvent decomposition suppressed, Na + transfer structural stability on HC anodes greatly promoted, contributing comprehensive enhancement performance. optimal exhibit outstanding reversible capacity (379.6 mAh g −1 ), ultrahigh initial Coulombic efficiency (93.2%), largely improved rate capability, extremely stable cycling with decay 0.0018% for 10 000 cycles at 5 A . This work provides novel insights into smart regulation chemistry realize high‐performance sodium storage.

Language: Английский

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Towards enhanced sodium storage of hard carbon anodes: Regulating the oxygen content in precursor by low-temperature hydrogen reduction

Energy storage materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 620 - 629

Published: July 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Boosting the Development of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Strategies to Optimize the Initial Coulombic Efficiency

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(5)

Published: May 26, 2023

Abstract Given the merits of affordable cost, superior low‐temperature performance, and advanced safe properties, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have exhibited great development potential in large scale energy storage applications. Among various emerging carbonaceous anode materials applied for SIBs, hard carbon (HC) has recently gained significant attention regarding their relatively low wide availability, optimal overall performance. However, insufficient initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) HC is main bottlenecks, which inevitably hindering further commercial Herein, an in‐depth holistic exposition about reasons causing unsatisfied ICE recent advances on effective improvement strategies are comprehensively summarized this review, been divided into two aspects including intrinsic property (degree graphitization, pore structure, defect, et al.) extrinsic factor (electrolyte, electrode materials, al.). In addition, future prospects perspectives to enable practical application SIBs also briefly outlined.

Language: Английский

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Improving the Initial Coulombic Efficiency of Carbonaceous Materials for Li/Na-Ion Batteries: Origins, Solutions, and Perspectives

Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Radial Pores in Nitrogen/Oxygen Dual‐Doped Carbon Nanospheres Anode Boost High‐Power and Ultrastable Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(51)

Published: Sept. 19, 2021

Abstract Constructing electrode materials with fast ions and electrons transport channels is an effective solution to achieve high‐power‐density long‐cycle potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, completely opening radial pores in N/O dual‐doped carbon nanospheres (RPCNSs) are constructed as anode for high‐power PIBs. The RPCNS hierarchical structure (micro/meso/macropores channels) dual‐doping permits speedy transportation within the anode, achieving a reversible capacity of 346 mAh g −1 at 50 mA after 360 cycles long‐term cycling life over 2000 without obvious attenuation. situ Raman kinetic analysis (in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy galvanostatic intermittent titration) suggest that exquisitely designed pore heterodoping enable highly reaction de/intercalation kinetics. Moreover, full cells packaged can be fully charged 10 s exhibit highest charge power density 24 866 W kg longest endurance 5000 reported unique structural engineering provides new way storage devices.

Language: Английский

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Altering Thermal Transformation Pathway to Create Closed Pores in Coal‐Derived Hard Carbon and Boosting of Na⁺ Plateau Storage for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery and Sodium‐Ion Capacitor

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(34)

Published: June 16, 2022

Abstract Coal features low‐cost and high carbon yield is considered as a promising precursor for anode of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) capacitors (SICs). Regulation microcrystalline state pore configuration coal structure during thermal transformation key to boost Na + storage behavior. Herein, facile strategy reported create abundant closed pores in anthracite‐derived that greatly improves plateau storage. An altered pathway chemical activation followed by high‐temperature carbonization adopted achieve the conversion open nanopores ordered crystallite into surrounded short‐range structures. The optimized sample delivers large reversible capacity 308 mAh g –1 dominantly contributed low‐voltage process. Experimental results reveal enhanced pore‐filling mechanism developed pores. Benefitting from improved behavior, constructed SIB high‐energy density 231.2 Wh kg with an average voltage 3.22 V; assembled full‐carbon SIC shows energy power densities (101.8 2.9 kW ). This work provides universal approach designing high‐performance porosity highly aromatic precursors.

Language: Английский

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Microcrystalline Hybridization Enhanced Coal‐Based Carbon Anode for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(20)

Published: May 4, 2022

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as a kind of promising candidate for large-scale energy storage technology. The development advanced carbon anodes with high Na-storage capacity and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) from low cost, resources abundant precursors is critical SIBs. Here, microcrystalline hybridization route to synthesize hard carbons extensive pseudo-graphitic regions lignite coal the assistance sucrose proposed. Employing cross-linked interaction between generate carbon-based hybrid states, obtained possess dominant phases large interlayer spaces that facilitate Na ion's transportation, well fewer surface defects guarantee ICE. LCS-73 an optimum cross-link demonstrates highest 356 mAh g

Language: Английский

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