Review on Charge Carrier Transport in Inorganic and Organic Semiconductors

Coatings, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1657 - 1657

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Inorganic semiconductors like silicon and germanium are the foundation of modern electronic devices. However, they have certain limitations, such as high production costs, limited flexibility, heavy weight. Additionally, depletion natural resources required for inorganic semiconductor raises concerns about sustainability. Therefore, exploration development organic offer a promising solution to overcome these challenges pave way new era electronics. New applications optoelectronic devices been made possible by recent emergence semiconductors. Numerous innovative results on performance charge transport discovered with growth These discoveries opened up possibilities devices, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors. The use materials in has potential revolutionise electronics industry providing low-cost, flexible, lightweight alternatives traditional materials. understanding carrier is crucial efficient This review offers thorough overview phenomenon focus underlying physical mechanisms how it affects device performance. processes generation recombination given special attention. Furthermore, this provides valuable insights into fundamental principles that govern behaviour carriers materials, which can inform design optimisation future

Language: Английский

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Dipole Moments Regulation of Biphosphonic Acid Molecules for Self-assembled Monolayers Boosts the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells Exceeding 19.7%

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(20), P. 14287 - 14296

Published: May 8, 2024

PEDOT:PSS has been widely used as a hole extraction layer (HEL) in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, their acidic nature can potentially corrode the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode over time, leading to adverse effects on longevity of OSCs. Herein, we have developed class biphosphonic acid molecules with tunable dipole moments for self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), namely, 3-BPIC(i), 3-BPIC, and 3-BPIC-F, which exhibit an increasing moment sequence. Compared centrosymmetric axisymmetric 3-BPIC 3-BPIC-F higher adsorption energies (Eads) ITO, shorter interface spacing, more uniform coverage ITO surface, better interfacial compatibility active layer. Thanks incorporation fluorine atoms, exhibits deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level larger compared resulting enlarged work function (WF) ITO/3-BPIC-F substrate. These advantages could not only improve within device but also lower impedance reduce nonradiative recombination at interface. As result, OSCs using SAM based obtained record high efficiency 19.71%, is than that achieved from 3-BPIC(i) (13.54%) (19.34%). Importantly, 3-BPIC-F-based significantly enhanced stability utilizing HEL. Our offers guidance future design functional SAMs realize even performance cells.

Language: Английский

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Connecting Interfacial Mechanical Adhesion, Efficiency, and Operational Stability in High Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

ACS Energy Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 1880 - 1887

Published: April 2, 2024

Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at the interface between metal-halide perovskite (MHP) and transparent conducting oxide (TCO) serve function of hole-transport layers in p-i-n "inverted" solar cells (PSCs). Here we show that use an iodine-terminated carbazole-based SAM increases interfacial mechanical adhesion dramatically (2.6-fold) this is responsible for substantial improvements morphology, photocarrier transport, operational stability. While improved morphology optoelectronic properties impart high efficiency (up to 25.39%) PSCs, enhanced suppresses nucleation propagation pores/cracks during PSC operation, resulting retention 96% initial after 1000 h continuous-illumination testing maximum power-point. This demonstrates strong connection judicious toughening simultaneous enhancement stability with broader implications reliability durability photovoltaics before they can be commercialized.

Language: Английский

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Suppressing Trap‐Assisted Nonradiative Recombination via Interface Modification for Achieving Efficient Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(22)

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Trap states in organic solar cells (OSCs) can capture free charges, leading to a reduction current density and significant energy loss. Since charge collection is primarily dependent on the interface layer, minimizing trap at interfaces effectively suppress losses, topic that has been rarely explored. Herein, an strategy proposed by combining Me‐4PACz PEDOT:PSS mitigate trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination hole transport layer (HTL). OSCs based Me‐4PACz/PEDOT:PSS exhibit reduced densities low losses compared devices fabricated with single‐layer HTL. This be attributed lower rate during interface. Changes work function of two interlayers due contact result existence built‐in potential inside composite interlayer, promoting reducing loss from recombination. Furthermore, HTL induces vertical phase separation active improvements fill factor for OSCs. As result, high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) 18.70% 19.02% are achieved binary all‐polymer polymer donor/small molecule acceptor cells, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Carbazole‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Solution‐Processed Optoelectronic Devices

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(33)

Published: June 21, 2024

Abstract Self‐assembled molecules (SAMs) have shown great potential in the application of optoelectronic devices due to their unique molecular properties. Recently, emerging phosphonic acid‐based SAMs, 2‐(9Hcarbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), successfully applied perovskite solar cells (PSCs), organic (OSCs) and light emitting diodes (PeLEDs). More importantly, impressive results based on 2PACz SAMs are reported recently succession. Therefore, it is essential provide an insightful summary promote further development. In this review, molecule design strategies about first concluded. Subsequently, work systematically reviews recent advances its derivatives for single junction PSCs, tandem OSCs PeLEDs. Finally, concludes discusses future challenges develop devices.

Language: Английский

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Progress of organic photovoltaics towards 20% efficiency

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(9), P. 581 - 596

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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80% Fill Factor in Organic Solar Cells with a Modified Nickel Oxide Interlayer

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Abstract The efficiency of organic solar cells has raised drastically in the past years. However, there is an undeniable lack hole transport layers that can provide high carrier selectivity, low defect density, and processing robustness, simultaneously. In this work, issue addressed by studying generation surface passivation nickel oxide (NiO x ). It revealed oxidation state species on NiO lowers contact resistance but hinders charge extraction when employed as layer cells. By using them coordination centers, a straightforward modification strategy implemented (2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (2PACz) enhances increases cell from 11.46% to 17.12%. Additionally, robustness across different deposition methods carbazole molecule demonstrated. Finally, fine‐tuning Fermi level various carbazole‐based molecules, particular with ((4‐(7H‐dibenzo[c,g]carbazol‐7‐yl)butyl)phosphonic (4PADCB), power conversion 17.29% achieved, outstanding combination V OC 0.888 fill factor 80%.

Language: Английский

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Double Hole Transport Layers Enable 20.42% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells by Aggregation Control of Self‐Assembled Molecules on Cobalt Salt Surfaces

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Heterojunction interfaces play a crucial role in charge carrier transport, influencing the overall photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Despite importance, advancements interfacial engineering, especially optimizing microstructure and nanomorphology, have not kept pace with research on photoactive layers. In study, strategy is explored to control self-assembly growth alcohol-soluble Me-4PACz (4P) used as hole transport layer (HTL) OSCs. The surface architecture modified inorganic Co salts via Cu doping UV-ozone treatments, creating smooth top an increased Co3+/Co2+ ratio hydroxyl groups. This meticulous design fine-tuned assembly behavior self-assembled molecules, resulting transition from spherical aggregates more uniform worm-like morphology. Additionally, electrical optical properties are optimized passivate defects enhance wettability solvents, leading improved extraction reduced recombination losses. Consequently, OSC Cu-Co/4P HTL exhibited highest power conversion efficiency 20.42% (certified 20.20%). characteristic universality stability make potential candidate for widespread applications, particularly providing rationalized guidance further

Language: Английский

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Improving the Stability of Organic Solar Cells: From Materials to Devices

Solar RRL, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(20)

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are a promising emerging photovoltaic technology for energy conversion. Recently, the power conversion efficiencies of OSCs have been improved to get closer their Schottky–Queisser limit. However, operational stability remains as major challenge ahead deployment practical applications. The main causes OSC instability stem from poor intrinsic materials, metastable morphology multicomponent active layer, unstable interfaces, and sensitivity moisture oxygen. To address these issues, it is necessary comprehensive in‐depth understanding fundamentals develop an integrated solution overcome them. Herein, state‐of‐art strategies used improve aspects material design, device processing, encapsulation techniques, in hope delivering rational solutions, summarized. In end, prospects toward future development efficient stable provided.

Language: Английский

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Over 19% Efficiency in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by n-Type Dopants

ACS Energy Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. 4104 - 4112

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Molecular doping has become a valuable technique for enhancing the efficiency of high-performance organic photovoltaic systems (OPVs). However, number known dopant molecules, especially n-type ones, that enhance PCE OPVs remains limited. In this study, two dopants, ethyl viologen (EV) and methyl (MV), are synthesized incorporated into ternary PM6:BTP-eC9:PC71BM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OPVs. Both dopants found to OPV performance, yielding maximum values 19.03% 18.61%, respectively. We show EV MV function as microstructure modifiers, π–π stacking while increasing absorption coefficient BHJs. Moreover, n-doping balances carrier mobility lifetime reducing bimolecular recombination. Our results demonstrate potential improve performance highly efficient levels beyond those achievable by pristine BHJ.

Language: Английский

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