Climate, Temporal Abundance of Key Food Sources and Home Ranges of Crested Macaques (Macaca nigra) in Sulawesi, Indonesia: A Longitudinal Phenological Study

International Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(4), P. 670 - 695

Published: July 4, 2023

Abstract Climate change is associated with more frequent extreme weather conditions and an overall increase in temperature around the globe. Its impact on individual ecosystems not yet well known. Long-term data documenting climate temporal abundance of food for primates are scarce. We used long-term phenological to assess variation, fruit home range sizes endemic Critically Endangered crested macaques ( Macaca nigra ) Tangkoko forest, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Between January 2012 July 2020, every month, we monitored 498 trees from 41 species 23 families. noted each tree’s phenophase assessed variation (daily rainfall) abundance. also investigated whether known key sources (New Guinea walnut trees, Dracontomelon spp , two species, N = 10 trees; fig Ficus four 34, spiked peppers, Piper aduncum 4) showed regular synchronised fruiting cycles. 2877 days ranging habituated groups estimate ranges between 2020. created models evaluate ecological factors (temperature, rainfall, abundance, abundance). found that increased decreased across study. Top fruits different trends fruiting. Figs seem be present year-round, but did detect synchrony individuals same species. The macaque were about 2 km . Monthly was main predictor size, especially disturbed forest previously burnt areas. This information will help further monitor changes macaques’ habitat, better understand foraging strategies a hence contribute its conservation.

Language: Английский

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Where to sleep next? Evidence for spatial memory associated with sleeping sites in Skywalker gibbons (Hoolock tianxing)

Animal Cognition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 891 - 903

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Wild Tibetan Macaques Use a Route‐Based Mental Map to Navigate in Large‐Scale Space

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 87(1)

Published: Dec. 26, 2024

Many animals face significant challenges in locating and acquiring resources that are unevenly distributed space time. In the case of nonhuman primates, it remains unclear how individuals remember goal locations whether they navigate using a route-based or coordinate-based mental representation when moving between out-of-sight feeding resting sites (i.e., large-scale space). Here, we examine spatial memory map formation wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) inhabiting mountainous, forested ecosystem characterized by steep terrain limits direct vision to 25 meters. We used an instantaneous scan sampling technique at 10-min intervals record behavior location on Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province, China, from September 2020 August 2023. Over 214 days, obtained 7180 GPS points macaques' locations. Our study revealed reused 1264 route segments (average length 204.26 m) least four times each. The number around habitual segment, roughness, dense vegetation areas significantly influenced use our group. addition, found evidence monkeys 48 nodes reorient their travel path. approached revisited foraging site same limited set directions, which is inconsistent with representation. direction left was different straight-line required reach next site, suggesting frequently reoriented goal. Finally, average, traveled 24% (CI = 1.24) farther than distance sites. From robust data set, conclude large spaces appears help them locate food dense, rugged montane forests heterogeneous habitats.

Language: Английский

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Intra-group competition and social dynamics regarding dispersal and maturation in wild Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch)

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract Natal dispersal is an important life-history trait in all animal taxa. In pair-living species, parent–offspring competition derived from the offspring’s maturity can motivate natal of offspring. However, not much has been known about mechanisms gibbons. To test food and mate as potential reasons for dispersal, we investigated effect offspring age sex on relationships between parents wild Javan gibbon ( Hylobates moloch ) Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia. We collected behavioral data two years 2016 2019. found that aggression toward increased both feeding non-feeding context got older. Offspring received more parent same general context. While decreased co-feeding grooming time with they older, there was no change proximity approach to parents. The results imply presence intra-group which increase age. highlight maturing changes their social peripheralizes group will eventually disperse

Language: Английский

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How to be a good partner and father? The role of adult males in pair bond maintenance and parental care in Javan gibbons

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(2001)

Published: June 27, 2023

In pair-living species, female and male pairs may maintain stable social bonds by adjusting spatial associations. Nevertheless, each sex invests differently to the pair bond, investment can depend on presence of paternal care or ‘male services.’ While most species live in pairs, responsible for bond maintenance gibbons is still controversial. We investigated parental three wild Javan Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia, over 21 months. found that gibbon fathers groomed their offspring more than adult females, especially as got older. both parents increased playing time with when became older independent, played 20 times mothers average. Grooming within was male-biased, suggesting heavily job males. However, age a proxy did not affect maintenance. Our study highlights have an important role juveniles.

Language: Английский

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Transient co-singing of offspring and mothers in non-duetting Javan gibbons (Hylobates moloch)

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

While the vocalizations of non-human primates were thought to be innate, recent studies have revealed highly flexible in immatures. This behavior suggests that social influences an important role developing vocalizations. Yet not much is known about how primate vocalization develop and immature animals differ between sexes. Here, we analyzed 95 cases co-singing mothers offspring out 240 female songs from three groups wild Javan gibbon ( Hylobates moloch ) Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia, 2009 2021. one only two species with pairs do duet. Instead, they produce sex-specific solo songs. We found both male H. follow their mothers’ female-specific songs, similar other duetting species. Immatures started 7 months old, but average starting age 24 months. As grew older, co-sung more often while did not. After years age, sexes stopped singing alone, following own find any relation territorial functions (e.g., during intergroup encounters or closer home range borders). Our results suggest may trigger females practice singing, specifically for males defend territories. highlight despite absence duets, early infancy throughout maturation mothers. However, level varies depending on study first elucidate trajectories vocal development across years, indicating non-duetting gibbons co-sing like

Language: Английский

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Cases of fatal electrocution of the endangered Javan Gibbons (Mammalia: Primates: Hylobatidae) by power lines

Journal of Threatened Taxa, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 20964 - 20969

Published: May 26, 2022

Human-made structures are often deadly to wildlife. Power lines from electric poles can cause serious injury and even death of wildlife via electrocution, especially arboreal primate species that easily access power lines. Here, we reported three cases wild ‘Endangered’ Javan Gibbons Hylobates moloch electrocuted by along a road between tea plantation village adjacent Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park area, West Java, Indonesia. In all cases, the adult male jumped grabbed line hanging at edge forests immediately died. Our case reports highlight have critically adverse effect on survival animals, particularly highly such as Gibbons. We argue need for mitigation plans (e.g., cable insulation) in areas risk. Such should be determined based habitat monitoring study ranging behaviors, focusing with high risks electrocution.

Language: Английский

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Predicting suitable habitat for the endangered Javan Gibbon in a submontane forest in Indonesia

Journal of Threatened Taxa, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 23463 - 23471

Published: July 26, 2023

Species distribution modeling is an essential tool for understanding the ecology of species and has many applications in conservation. Using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling, we identify key factors shaping potential endangered Javan Gibbons Hylobates moloch one main remnant habitats, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP), Indonesia, using presence-only data collected between October November 2015, April May 2016. Maxent results showed that forest canopy density annual temperature were principal variables predicting Gibbons, with contribution scores 53.9% 35.6%, respectively. The predictive map indicated suitable habitat not uniformly distributed within GHSNP, i.e., located evenly throughout region, some areas more than others. Highly comprises largest proportion habitat, 42.1% GHSNP classified as highly whereas 24.7% was moderately suitable, 33.2% low suitability Gibbons. Priority should be given to increasing quality degraded law enforcement patrols reduce degradation peripheral regions park part conservation management strategy.

Language: Английский

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Food plant diversity determines home range area and formation of a new family group of the world’s rarest primate

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Global primates are endangered, and thus it is important to know the determinants of primate population dynamics. It widely reported that food plant diversity nutrients key many However, remains unknown whether this can be applied explain dynamics Hainan gibbon ( Nomascus hainanus ), world’s rarest primate. Recently, two individuals moved out from one family group (group C) went across more than 9 km form a new E), providing perfect chance quantify determine gibbon’s formation group. Here, we used plot survey compare differences in (species richness abundance) nine leaf nutrient traits (leaf water content, total soluble sugar, vitamin C, calorific value, crude fat, protein, fiber, Zn, Fe) between C E. We found E was indeed higher (1.35–1.41 times) C. Moreover, both groups E, within home range also (1.4–1.6 range. cases could not witnessed for all traits. Results principal component analysis revealed species were significantly separated by but Food diversity, In conclusion, determinant gibbons. Choosing high motivation gibbons select their

Language: Английский

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FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF VEGETATION IN GUNUNG SALAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 37 - 53

Published: June 30, 2023

This research had been conducted in the forest area around Gunung Sa-lak Geothermal Power Plant of PT. PLN Indonesia Power. diversity data geothermal power plant yet to be fully available. study aimed analyze composition and structure vegetation conservation Salak unit. used a quadrat plot with purposive sampling method. We sampled 873 individuals from 56 families 110 species, consisting native introduced species. Some flora species that have potential become invasive include Calliandra houstoniana, Asystasia gangetica, Bellucia pentamera, Miconia crenata, Maesopsis eminii, Solanum torvum. The highest number at each growth level were Fagaceae (tree), (pole), Arecaceae Moraceae (sapling), also Acanthaceae, Arecaceae, Melastomataceae, Poaceae understory. Several site are listed as Endangered (EN) based on IUCN Red List, including Alpinia scabra, Castanopsis argentea, Dipterocarpus hasseltii. These endangered plants expected priority for strategies action plans. Important Value Index (IVI) analysis shows different values stage. IVI seedling herb was Selaginella plana (29.74), sapling Macaranga triloba (20.59), pole Ficus fistulosa (43.27), tree Schima wallichii (54.90). value Shannon-Wiener (H') index 3.784, which indicates is high.

Language: Английский

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