Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6730)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

How populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet, we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species, such as nonhuman great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly notable because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates habitat diversity remains unknown, despite it having wide implications evolutionary biology and conservation. By using newly sequenced exomes 828 wild chimpanzees (388 postfiltering), found evidence of fine-scale habitat, with signatures positive selection forest the same genes underlying malaria humans. This work demonstrates power noninvasive samples reveal adaptations highlights importance adaptive chimpanzees.

Language: Английский

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Sleep and nesting behavior in primates: A review

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 166(3), P. 499 - 509

Published: July 1, 2018

Abstract Sleep is a universal behavior in vertebrate and invertebrate animals, suggesting it originated the very first life forms. Given vital function of sleep, sleeping patterns sleep architecture follow dynamic adaptive processes reflecting trade‐offs to different selective pressures. Here, we review responses sleep‐related environmental constraints across primate species, focusing on role great ape nest building hominid evolution. We summarize synthesize major hypotheses explaining proximate ultimate functions all species subspecies; draw 46 original studies published between 2000 2017. In addition, integrate most recent data brought together by researchers from complementary range disciplines frame symposium “Burning midnight oil” held at 26th Congress International Primatological Society, Chicago, August 2016, as well some additional contributors, each which included “stand‐alone” article this “Primate Sleep” set. doing so, present crucial factors be considered describing scenarios human evolution: (a) implications construction for quality cognition; (b) tree‐to‐ground transition early hominids; (c) peculiarities sleep. propose bridging such neurobiology, endocrinology, medicine, evolutionary ecology, so that future research may disentangle nonhuman primates, namely its energy allocation, health, cognition.

Language: Английский

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A global risk assessment of primates under climate and land use/cover scenarios

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 3163 - 3178

Published: May 1, 2019

Abstract Primates are facing an impending extinction crisis, driven by extensive habitat loss, land use change and hunting. Climate is additional threat, which alone or in combination with other drivers, may severely impact those taxa unable to track suitable environmental conditions. Here, we investigate the extent of climate use/cover (LUC) change‐related risks for primates. We employed analytical approach objectively select a subset scenarios, then calculated changes climatic LUC conditions 2050 across primate ranges ( N = 426 species) under best‐case scenario worst‐case scenario. Generalized linear models were used examine whether these varied according region, conservation status, range dominant habitat. Finally, reclassified based on different magnitudes maximum temperature change, quantified proportion overall hotspots particular that likely be exposed extreme increases. found that, scenario, 74% Neotropical forest‐dwelling primates increases up 7°C. In contrast, 38% Malagasy savanna will experience less pronounced warming 3.5°C. About one quarter Asian African face 50% crop expansion within their range. Primary (undisturbed habitat) expected disappear species' ranges, whereas secondary (disturbed increase 98%. With 86% >3°C, Neotropics particularly vulnerable. Our study highlights fundamental exposure risk large percentage predicted changes. Importantly, our findings underscore urgency mitigation measures need implemented avert extinctions unprecedented scale.

Language: Английский

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Novelty Response of Wild African Apes to Camera Traps

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1211 - 1217.e3

Published: March 14, 2019

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in savanna landscapes

Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 399 - 420

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Abstract Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) are the only great apes that inhabit hot, dry, and open savannas. We review environmental pressures of savannas on chimpanzees, such as food water scarcity, evidence for chimpanzees' behavioral responses to these landscapes. In our analysis, were generally associated with low chimpanzee population densities large home ranges. addition, thermoregulatory behaviors likely reduce hyperthermia risk, cave use, frequently observed in hottest driest savanna hypothesize a “savanna landscape effect” chimpanzees offer pathways future research understand its evolutionary processes mechanisms. conclude by discussing significance modeling evolution early hominin traits informing conservation programs endangered apes.

Language: Английский

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Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. e0000345 - e0000345

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Large gaps remain in our understanding of the vulnerability specific animal taxa and regions to climate change, especially regarding extreme impact events. Here, we assess African apes, flagship highly important umbrella species for sympatric biodiversity. We estimated past (1981–2010) future exposure change impacts across 363 sites Africa RCP2.6 RCP6.0 near term (2021–2050) long (2071–2099). used fully harmonized data on events from Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP). Historic show that 171 had positive temperature anomalies at least nine ten years with strongest (up 0.56°C) eastern chimpanzees. Climate projections suggest temperatures will increase all sites, while precipitation changes are more heterogeneous. a heavy 288 an number consecutive dry days by up 20 per year (maximum gorillas). All be frequently exposed wildfires crop failures future, latter could apes indirectly through increased deforestation. 84% projected heatwaves 78% river floods. Tropical cyclones droughts were only individual western central Africa. further compiled available evidence how affect example, heat stress dehydration, reduction water sources fruit trees, reduced physiological performance, body condition, fertility, survival. To support necessary research sensitivity adaptability impacts, planning implementation conservation measures, provide detailed results each ape site open-access platform A.P.E.S. Wiki.

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzee Activity and Behavioral Diversity Extends Across 24 Hours in Both Captive and Wild Settings

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 87(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Studying nocturnal behavior is crucial for understanding the full scope of a species' behavioral flexibility so as to inform conservation wild populations and care captive individuals. However, this aspect primate understudied, especially in great apes, which exhibit some widest documented diversity flexibility. Our investigation among first systematically compare 24 h activity patterns activities chimpanzees (Saint Louis Zoo, USA) with those (three sites across Nouabalé‐Ndoki National Park Republic Congo) published data set all chimpanzee subspecies. Furthermore, we examined influence human changes group's composition on behaviors zoo‐living chimpanzees. results reveal that significantly different compared their counterparts, increased (particularly early morning) more observations feeding social at night. Additionally, absence visitors change were found these patterns. These findings underscore importance integrating holistic approaches conservation. This study also highlights immense potential implementing remote monitoring technology, such video camera traps, contexts. Such extend contexts benefit not only apes but provide opportunities caregivers, managers, students who are involved collaborative initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Ecological and Social Pressures Influence Diel Activity Patterns in Wild Tibetan Macaques

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 87(3)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

ABSTRACT The nighttime behavior of diurnal species is a “black box.” Although animals spend approximately half their lives in the dark, research has, for too long, relied on simplifying assumption that what we can't observe isn't important. Advances our ability to monitor reveal this incorrect; essential biological and behavioral processes play out dark which are critical understanding species' ecology evolution. We conducted study from November 2021 January 2022, using noninvasive 4G solar‐powered night‐vision cameras quantitatively assess impact environmental social factors diel activity patterns wild Tibetan macaques at Mt. Huangshan, China. find maintain high levels sleep throughout night, as typical animals. However, non‐sleep still accounted 18.28% ± 0.45% total period, with occurring night. Notably, there was peak midnight, including resting, movement, social. Low temperatures significantly reduced daytime levels, while increasing activity, indicating extreme have divergent impacts during day versus Additionally, activities were more frequent among females day, whereas males socially active distinct night highlight crucial role nocturnal activities. proven be an effective tool, allowing deeper primate structures. This provides new avenues future into drivers across species.

Language: Английский

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Nesting, sleeping, and nighttime behaviors in wild and captive great apes

Primates, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 60(4), P. 321 - 332

Published: April 10, 2019

Language: Английский

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Classifying Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Landscapes Across Large-Scale Environmental Gradients in Africa

International Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(6), P. 800 - 821

Published: July 2, 2020

Abstract Primates are sometimes categorized in terms of their habitat. Although such categorization can be oversimplistic, there scientific benefits from the clarity and consistency that habitat bring. Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) inhabit various environments, but researchers often refer to “forest” or “savanna” chimpanzees. Despite wide use this forest–savanna distinction, clear definitions these landscapes for chimpanzees, based on environmental variables at study sites determined relation existing bioclimatic classifications, lacking. The robustness distinction thus remains assessed. We review 43 chimpanzee assess how landscape classifications fit with characteristics three classifications. scatterplots principal components analysis distribution field along gradients (temperature, rainfall, precipitation seasonality, forest cover, satellite-derived Hansen tree cover). This revealed an continuum savanna dense forest, a rarely acknowledged mosaic category between, no natural separation into classes inconsistencies current dichotomy therefore masks progression adaptation we propose recognizing additional, intermediate “forest mosaic” is more meaningful than focusing ends gradient only. Future studies should acknowledge continuum, place gradient, include detailed data support further attempts quantification.

Language: Английский

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