Environmental variability supports chimpanzee behavioural diversity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 15, 2020

Abstract Large brains and behavioural innovation are positively correlated, species-specific traits, associated with the flexibility animals need for adapting to seasonal unpredictable habitats. Similar ecological challenges would have been important drivers throughout human evolution. However, studies examining influence of environmental variability on within-species diversity lacking despite critical assumption that population diversification precedes genetic divergence speciation. Here, using a dataset 144 wild chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) communities, we show chimpanzees exhibit greater in environments more — both recent historical timescales. Notably, distance from Pleistocene forest refugia is presence larger number including tool non-tool use behaviours. Since than half behaviours investigated also likely be cultural, suggest was evolutionary force promoting behavioural, as well cultural great apes.

Language: Английский

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Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6730)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

How populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet, we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species, such as nonhuman great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly notable because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates habitat diversity remains unknown, despite it having wide implications evolutionary biology and conservation. By using newly sequenced exomes 828 wild chimpanzees (388 postfiltering), found evidence of fine-scale habitat, with signatures positive selection forest the same genes underlying malaria humans. This work demonstrates power noninvasive samples reveal adaptations highlights importance adaptive chimpanzees.

Language: Английский

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Wild chimpanzee behavior suggests that a savanna-mosaic habitat did not support the emergence of hominin terrestrial bipedalism

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(50)

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

Bipedalism, a defining feature of the human lineage, is thought to have evolved as forests retreated in late Miocene-Pliocene. Chimpanzees living analogous habitats early hominins offer unique opportunity investigate ecological drivers bipedalism that cannot be addressed via fossil record alone. We investigated positional behavior and terrestriality savanna-mosaic community chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Issa Valley, Tanzania first test ape hypothesis wooded, savanna were catalyst for terrestrial bipedalism. Contrary widely accepted hypotheses increased selecting habitual bipedalism, results indicate trees remained an essential component hominin adaptive niche, with evolving arboreal context, likely driven by foraging strategy.

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in savanna landscapes

Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 399 - 420

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Abstract Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) are the only great apes that inhabit hot, dry, and open savannas. We review environmental pressures of savannas on chimpanzees, such as food water scarcity, evidence for chimpanzees' behavioral responses to these landscapes. In our analysis, were generally associated with low chimpanzee population densities large home ranges. addition, thermoregulatory behaviors likely reduce hyperthermia risk, cave use, frequently observed in hottest driest savanna hypothesize a “savanna landscape effect” chimpanzees offer pathways future research understand its evolutionary processes mechanisms. conclude by discussing significance modeling evolution early hominin traits informing conservation programs endangered apes.

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Indicate Mammalian Abundance Across Broad Spatial Scales

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Ongoing ecosystem change and biodiversity decline across the Afrotropics call for tools to monitor state of or elements extensive spatial temporal scales. We assessed relationships in co‐occurrence patterns between great apes other medium large‐bodied mammals evaluate whether ape abundance serves as a proxy mammal diversity broad used camera trap footage recorded at 22 research sites, each known harbor population chimpanzees, some additionally gorillas, 12 sub‐Saharan African countries. From ~350,000 1‐min videos 2010 2016, we estimated mammalian community metrics, including species richness, Shannon diversity, mean animal mass. then fitted Bayesian Regression Models assess potential detection rates (as abundance) these metrics. included site‐level protection status, human footprint, precipitation variance control variables. found that species, well mass were largely positive. In contrast, rate richness less clear differed according site impact context. no association diversity. Our findings suggest chimpanzees hold indicators specific communities, especially population‐level composition‐related characteristics. Declines chimpanzee populations may indicate associated declines sympatric highlight need improved conservation interventions.Changes likely precede extirpation mammals.

Language: Английский

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Archaeology of the Perishable

Current Anthropology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(3), P. 333 - 362

Published: April 30, 2021

Selection and transport of materials for tools is ubiquitous throughout our species’ evolutionary history. Yet understanding early human material culture heavily skewed toward lithic technology. This poses challenges when reconstructing technical origins, as organic raw materials, especially plants, likely played a significant role despite their absence from the record until 300 kya. Studies plant-tool use by living apes can serve proxy to reconstruct such aspects behavior. Employing archaeological methods, we investigated procurement termite-fishing three chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) populations in Tanzania: Gombe, Issa, Mahale. All communities exploited plant sources immediate vicinity termite mounds, well farther away, reused them. However, at more parts were sourced per plant, with number removals decreasing distance mound increased. These disparities are caused environmental differences. Issa might try minimize costs what comparably open drier habitat fewer suitable available near mounds. Despite similar types being available, Mahale chimpanzees exclusively used bark tool manufacture, while various employed; these differences may reflect cultural variants. Our study highlights how factors shape technology identifies similarities selection processes inferred Oldowan users. The archaeology perishable, even if its infancy, providing new framework archaeologically invisible behavior own technological origins.

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) Density and Environmental Gradients at Their Biogeographical Range Edge

International Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(6), P. 822 - 848

Published: Nov. 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) grouping patterns in an open and dry savanna landscape, Issa Valley, western Tanzania

Journal of Human Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 103137 - 103137

Published: Jan. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Challenges and perspectives on functional interpretations of australopith postcrania and the reconstruction of hominin locomotion

Journal of Human Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 103304 - 103304

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 11, 2024

Abstract How populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species such as non-human great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly interesting because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates habitat diversity remains unknown, despite having wide implications evolutionary biology and conservation. Using 828 newly generated exomes wild chimpanzees, find evidence of fine-scale habitat. Notably, malaria forest chimpanzees mediated by the same genes underlying humans. This work demonstrates power non-invasive samples reveal adaptations highlights importance adaptive chimpanzees. One-Sentence Summary Chimpanzees show local habitat, pathogens, malaria, forests.

Language: Английский

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