Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990–2019

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Background With the increase in aging population worldwide, Alzheimer's disease has become a rapidly increasing public health concern. Monitoring dementia burden will support development strategies by providing scientific data. Methods Based on data obtained from 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, numbers and age-standardized rates (ASRs) incidence, prevalence, death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) other dementias 1990 to were analyzed. Calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) Joinpoint regression analyses performed evaluate trends during this period. We also evaluated correlations between epidemiology sociodemographic index (SDI), an indicator level social country or region considering education rate, economic situation, total fertility rate. Results From 2019, incidence prevalence increased 147.95 160.84%, respectively. The ASR DALYs both men women consistently over study All ASRs higher than those men, but increases more pronounced men. In addition, positively correlated with SDI. Moreover, proportion patients 70 years old was SDI level. Smoking major risk factor for while obesity women. Conclusion worldwide. This trend serious high-SDI areas, especially among elderly populations who should receive additional attention. Policy-makers take steps reverse situation. Notably, at disease, showed faster increase. give attention population, attach importance interventions targeting factors, formulate action plans address dementia.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive impact of COVID-19: looking beyond the short term

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease but up to two thirds of hospitalised patients show evidence central nervous system (CNS) damage, predominantly ischaemic, in some cases haemorrhagic and occasionally encephalitic. It unclear how much the ischaemic damage mediated by direct or inflammatory effects virus on CNS vasculature secondary extracranial cardiorespiratory disease. Limited data suggest that causative SARS-CoV-2 may enter via nasal mucosa olfactory fibres, haematogenous spread, capable infecting endothelial cells, pericytes probably neurons. Extracranially, targets cells pericytes, causing cell dysfunction, vascular leakage immune activation, sometimes leading disseminated intravascular coagulation. remains be confirmed whether cerebral are similarly targeted. Several aspects likely impact cognition. Cerebral white matter particularly vulnerable also critically important for cognitive function. There accumulating hypoperfusion accelerates amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation linked tau TDP-43 pathology, inducing phosphorylation α-synuclein at serine-129, ischaemia increase risk development Lewy body Current therapies understandably focused supporting function, preventing thrombosis reducing activation. Since angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 receptor SARS-CoV-2, ACE inhibitors angiotensin blockers predicted ACE-2 expression, it was initially feared their use might exacerbate COVID-19. Recent meta-analyses have instead suggested these medications protective. This perhaps because entry deplete ACE-2, tipping balance towards II-ACE-1-mediated classical RAS activation: exacerbating promoting inflammation. relevant APOE ε4 individuals, who seem increased COVID-19, lowest activity. leave an unexpected legacy long-term neurological complications significant number survivors. Cognitive follow-up will important, especially develop cerebrovascular during acute illness.

Language: Английский

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The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 69 - 70

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Language: Английский

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Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID‐19 pandemic, now and in the future

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1571 - 1581

Published: Aug. 12, 2020

We have provided an overview on the profound impact of COVID-19 upon older people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias challenges encountered in our management dementia different health-care settings, including hospital, out-patient, care homes, community during pandemic. also proposed a conceptual framework practical suggestions for providers tackling these challenges, which can apply to general, or without neurological diseases, such as stroke parkinsonism. believe this review will provide strategic directions set standards leaders dementia, governmental bodies around world coordinating emergency response plans protecting caring amid COIVD-19 outbreak, is likely continue at varying severity regions medium term.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of COVID-19 On Comorbidities: A Review Of Recent Updates For Combating It

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 3586 - 3599

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Coronavirus disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus first appeared in Wuhan (China) December 2019 and has spread globally. Till now, it affected 269 million people with 5.3 deaths 224 countries territories. With emergence of variants like Omicron, COVID-19 cases grew exponentially, thousands deaths. general symptoms include fever, sore throat, cough, lung infections, and, severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, death. predominantly affects lung, but can also affect other organs such as brain, heart, gastrointestinal system. It observed that 75 % hospitalized patients have at least one associated comorbidity. most common reported comorbidities are hypertension, NDs, diabetes, cancer, endothelial dysfunction, CVDs. Moreover, older pre-existing polypharmacy worsened complications. results hypercoagulability issues gangrene, stroke, pulmonary embolism, This review aims to provide latest information on impact CVDs, COPD, will help us understand current scenario comorbidities; thus, play an important role management decision-making efforts tackle

Language: Английский

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Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 4290 - 4314

Published: May 2, 2024

Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase global rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority care costs occur high-income (HICs), research predominantly focusing on HICs. This imbalance necessitates LMIC-focused ensure that characterization accurately reflects involvement specificities diverse populations. Development effective preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic approaches for requires targeted, personalized, harmonized efforts. Our article represents timely discussions at 2022 Symposium Dementia Brain Aging identified foremost opportunities advance research, differential diagnosis, use neuropsychometric tools, awareness, treatment options. We highlight key topics discussed meeting provide future recommendations foster a more equitable landscape prevention, care, policy, management LMICs. HIGHLIGHTS: Two-thirds live LMICs, yet are skewed toward expect prevalence than double, accompanied by socioeconomic disparities. addressed advances policy. Nairobi Declaration urges action enhance outcomes

Language: Английский

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Dementia is an age‐independent risk factor for severity and death in COVID‐19 inpatients

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. 1818 - 1831

Published: April 21, 2021

Abstract Introduction Dementia has been associated with COVID‐19 prevalence, but whether this reflects higher infection, older age of patients, or disease severity remains unclear. Methods We investigated a cohort 12,863 UK Biobank community‐dwelling individuals > 65 years old (1814 ≥ 80 old) tested for COVID‐19. Individuals were stratified by to account as confounder. Risk factors analyzed COVID‐19–positive diagnosis, hospitalization, and death. Results All‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) COVID‐19‐positive all‐cause dementia AD remained in old. AD, PD not risk overall increased the hospitalization patients. COVID‐19–related death, was uniquely death 80‐year‐old Discussion are age‐independent

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Dementia on the Clinical Outcome of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 78(4), P. 1775 - 1782

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Background: The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought large challenges to dementia patients. We reviewed existing literature on COVID-19 assess incidence and mortality comorbidities in Objective: To investigate impact pre-existing COVID-19. Methods: searched PubMed, Embase, Web Science databases for patients with preexisting who were diagnosed statistical data prevalence examined. A fixed-or random-effect model was used calculate overall pooled risk estimates. Forest plots generated show summarized results. Results: total 265 articles retrieved from three databases. After removing duplicates performing two screenings, 10 selected meta-analysis, including 119,218 participants. Overall, meta-analysis studies showed that (R: 9%, [95% CI: 6% 13%]). Moreover, 9 rate individuals after being infected higher than no (OR: 5.17 2.31 11.59]). Substantial heterogeneity observed this meta-analysis. Significant publication bias also found. Conclusion: Emerging shows are a high factor Our results should have an preventive interventions encourage more targeted approaches prioritize older people specific factors, such as dementia.

Language: Английский

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Dementia in Africa: Current evidence, knowledge gaps, and future directions

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 790 - 809

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

Abstract In tandem with the ever‐increasing aging population in low and middle‐income countries, burden of dementia is rising on African continent. Dementia prevalence varies from 2.3% to 20.0% incidence rates are 13.3 per 1000 person‐years increasing mortality parts rapidly transforming Africa. Differences nutrition, cardiovascular factors, comorbidities, infections, mortality, detection likely contribute lower incidence. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired syndrome–associated neurocognitive disorders most common subtypes. Comprehensive longitudinal studies robust methodology regional coverage would provide more reliable information. The apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ε4 allele studied but has shown differential effects within ancestry compared Caucasian. More candidate gene genome‐wide association needed relate phenotypes. Validated culture‐sensitive cognitive tools not influenced by education language differences critically for implementation across multidisciplinary groupings such as proposed Consortium.

Language: Английский

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