Dementia and COVID-19, a Bidirectional Liaison: Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and Optimal Health Care

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 82(3), P. 883 - 898

Published: June 1, 2021

Cognitive impairment following SARS-CoV-2 infection is being increasingly recognized as an acute and possibly also long-term sequela of the disease. Direct viral entry well systemic mechanisms such cytokine storm are thought to contribute neuroinflammation in these patients. Biomarkers COVID-19-induced cognitive currently lacking, but there some limited evidence that could preferentially target frontal lobes, suggested by behavioral dysexecutive symptoms, fronto-temporal hypoperfusion on MRI, EEG slowing regions, hypometabolism 18F-FDG-PET. Possible confounders include due hypoxia mechanical ventilation post-traumatic stress disorder. Conversely, patients already suffering from dementia, their caregivers, have been greatly impacted disruption care caused COVID-19. Patients with dementia experienced worsening cognitive, behavioral, psychological rate COVID-19-related deaths disproportionately high among cognitively impaired people. Multiple factors, difficulties remembering executing safeguarding procedures, age, comorbidities, residing homes, poorer access hospital standard play a role increased morbidity mortality. Non-pharmacological interventions new technologies shown potential for management support caregivers.

Language: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 on Dementia Caregivers and Factors Associated With their Anxiety Symptoms

American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias®, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Little is known about the family experience of caregiving for persons living with dementia (PLWD) at home during COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose this study was to examine influence on concerns current caregivers PLWD. Study participants were recruited from parent study, Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial (NCT03682185). Data collected 34 via semi-structured telephone interviews. Over 70% reported worrying spreading PLWD, 41% they had taken additional duties others in their since COVID-19, and 62% one or more anxiety symptoms. Dementia who symptoms lower scores functional independence care recipients compared did not report (

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Compounds and Their Derivatives: An Insight into Prospective Phytotherapeutic Approach against Alzheimer’s Disease

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 22

Published: April 11, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes cellular response alterations, such as impaired cholinergic mechanism, amyloid-beta (Aβ) AD aggregation, neuroinflammation, and several other pathways. still the most prevalent form of dementia affects many individuals across globe. The exact cause obscure. There are yet no effective medications for halting, preventing, or curing AD’s progress. Plenty natural products isolated from sources analyzed in preclinical clinical settings neuroprotective effects preventing treating AD. In addition, their derivatives have been promising Natural bioactive compounds play an active modulatory role pathological molecular mechanisms development. This review focuses on plant demonstrated activities maybe to treat prevent this article summarizes literature pertaining agents treatment Rapid metabolism, nonspecific targeting, low solubility, lack BBB permeability, limited bioavailability shortcomings molecules We can use nanotechnology nanocarriers based different types approaches.

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 pandemic and Alzheimer’s disease: mutual risks and mechanisms

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a life-threatening disease, especially in elderly individuals and those with comorbidities. The predominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 dysfunction, while neurological presentations are increasingly being recognized. SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells primarily via attachment the spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor expressed on cell membranes. Patients Alzheimer's (AD) more susceptible infection prone outcomes. Recent studies have revealed some common risk factors for AD COVID-19. An understanding association between potential related mechanisms may lead development novel approaches treating both diseases. In present review, we first summarize central nervous system (CNS) then discuss associations shared key AD, focus ACE2 receptor, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, age, neuroinflammation.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Paradox of COVID-19 in Neurological Complications with Emphasis on Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Disease

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 16

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a human (HCoV) that has created pandemic situation worldwide as COVID-19. This virus can invade cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor-based mechanisms, affecting the tract. However, several reports of neurological symptoms suggest neuroinvasive development coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 damage brain routes, along with direct neural cell infection The chronic inflammatory reactions surge proinflammatory elements, damaging cells, causing ischemia associated other health issues. exhibited neuropsychiatric and manifestations, including cognitive impairment, depression, dizziness, delirium, disturbed sleep. These show nervous tissue enhances occurrence neurodegenerative disorders aids dementia. been seen in necropsy isolated from cerebrospinal fluid COVID-19 patients. reaction some patients increased cytokines, which have investigated prognostic factor. Therefore, immunogenic changes observed Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s include their pathogenetic role. Inflammatory events an important pathophysiological feature diseases (NDs) such Alzheimer’s. neuroinflammation AD exacerbated Aβ burden tau hyperphosphorylation. resident microglia immune are responsible for enhanced subsequently mediate phosphorylation ultimately disease progression. Similarly, also plays key role progression PD. Several studies demonstrated interplay between pathogenic mechanisms dynamic proinflammation stage guides accumulation α-synuclein Besides, few viruses may stimulators generate cross-autoimmune response α-synuclein. Hence, complications suffering cannot be ruled out. In this review article, our primary focus on discussing effect virus, its impact blood-brain barrier, people affected

Language: Английский

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Cognitive decline in older adults in the UK during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal analysis of PROTECT study data

The Lancet Healthy Longevity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. e591 - e599

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

BackgroundAlthough the long-term health effects of COVID-19 are increasingly recognised, societal restrictions during pandemic hold potential for considerable detriment to cognitive and mental health, particularly because major dementia risk factors—such as those related exercise dietary habits—were affected this period. We used longitudinal data from PROTECT study evaluate effect on cognition in older adults UK.MethodsFor analysis, we computerised neuropsychology individuals aged 50 years participating UK. Data were collected same participants before (March 1, 2019–Feb 29, 2020) its first 2020–Feb 28, 2021) second 2021–Feb 2022) years. compared across three time periods using a linear mixed-effects model. Subgroup analyses conducted people with mild impairment who reported history COVID-19, an exploratory regression analysis identified factors associated changes trajectory.FindingsPre-pandemic included 3142 participants, whom 1696 (54·0%) women 1446 (46·0%) men, mean age 67·5 (SD 9·6, range 50–96). Significant worsening executive function working memory was observed year whole cohort (effect size 0·15 [95% CI 0·12–0·17] 0·51 [0·49–0·53] memory), (0·13 [0·07–0·20] 0·40 [0·36–0·47]), (0·24 [0·16–0·31] 0·46 [0·39–0·53]). Worsening sustained (0·47; 0·44–0·49). Regression indicated that decline significantly reduced (p=0·0049; function) increased alcohol use (p=0·049; memory) cohort, well depression (p=0·011; loneliness (p=0·0038; impairment. In pandemic, continued affect associations between (p=0·0040), (p=0·042), (p=0·014) impairment, (p=0·0029), (p=0·031) (p=0·036) COVID-19.InterpretationThe resulted significant adults, known factors. The highlights need public interventions mitigate dementia—particularly conversion within 5 is substantial risk. Long-term intervention should be considered support health.FundingNational Institute Health Care Research.

Language: Английский

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Links between COVID-19 and Parkinson’s disease/Alzheimer’s disease: reciprocal impacts, medical care strategies and underlying mechanisms

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Abstract The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patients with neurodegenerative diseases and the specific neurological manifestations COVID-19 have aroused great interest. However, there are still many issues concern to be clarified. Therefore, we review current literature complex relationship between an emphasis Parkinson’s (PD) Alzheimer’s (AD). We summarize infection symptom severity, progression, mortality rate PD AD, discuss whether could trigger AD. In addition, susceptibility prognosis in AD also included. order achieve better management patients, modifications care strategies, drug therapies, vaccines during listed. At last, mechanisms underlying link reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the sound of the cognitive status: Machine Learning-based speech analysis in the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Abstract Background Advancement in screening tools accessible to the general population for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and prediction its progression is essential achieving timely therapeutic interventions conducting decentralized clinical trials. This study delves into application Machine Learning (ML) techniques by leveraging paralinguistic features extracted directly from a brief spontaneous speech (SS) protocol. We aimed explore capability ML discriminate between different degrees cognitive impairment based on SS. Furthermore, first time, this investigates relationship SS function within AD spectrum. Methods Physical-acoustic were voice recordings patients evaluated memory unit who underwent implemented several models via cross-validation identify individuals without (subjective decline, SCD), with mild (MCI), dementia due (ADD). In addition, we established capable predicting domain performance comprehensive neuropsychological battery Fundació Ace (NBACE) using SS-derived information. Results The results showed that, analysis sound, it possible ADD (F1 = 0.92) MCI 0.84). our models, physical acoustic information, exhibited correlations greater than 0.5 domains attention, memory, executive functions, language, visuospatial ability. Conclusions study, show potential cost-effective protocol distinguishing forecasting commonly affected Our demonstrate high correspondence protocols traditionally used assess function. Overall, opens up novel prospects developing remote monitoring.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal trajectories of cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric decline in Alzheimer’s disease during COVID-19 lockdown in South Korea

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 8, 2025

The progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its interaction with COVID-19-induced social isolation remains poorly understood. This study investigated the longitudinal trajectories AD severity on cognitive function, functional ability, neuropsychiatric symptoms, examined impact COVID-19 lockdown patients in South Korea. In this retrospective study, data from 253 adults (aged ≥ 55) diagnosed mild impairment (MCI) or were analyzed, collected between 2018 2022. Participants classified into four groups based clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores: MCI, AD-CDR0.5, AD-CDR1, AD-CDR2. Cognitive abilities, depressive overall assessed. Linear mixed-effects models, along mediation moderation analyses employed to analyze data. Significant decline function abilities observed over time, more pronounced declines higher groups. exacerbated activities daily living (ADL) specifically most severe group (AD-CDR2). Instrumental (IADL) mediated relationship mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores CDR sum boxes (CDR-SB) AD-CDR1 A significant MMSE symptoms was moderate (AD-CDR1), indicating that worsening intensified decline. Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) increased whereas measured by short geriatric depression scale (SGDS), remained stable period. highlights decline, further lockdown. mediating role IADL suggests maintaining complex may be crucial slowing patients. Additionally, underscores need for targeted mental health support, especially during periods isolation, mitigate adverse effects caregivers.

Language: Английский

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Psychosocial Effects of Corona Measures on Patients With Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 26, 2020

Background: The recent COVID-19 pandemic is not only a major healthcare problem in itself, but also poses enormous social challenges. Though nursing homes increasingly receive attention, the majority of people with cognitive decline and dementia live at home. We aimed to explore psychosocial effects corona measures memory clinic (pre-)dementia patients their caregivers. Methods: Between April 28th July 13th 2020, n = 389 Alzheimer center Amsterdam [n 121 symptomatic (age 69 ± 6, 33%F, MMSE 23 5), 268 cognitively normal 66 8, 40% F, 29 1)] completed survey on measures. Questions related isolation, worries for faster decline, behavioral problems discontinuation care. In addition, 147 caregivers similar additional questions caregiver burden. Results: Social isolation was experienced by 42 (35%) 67 (25%) two third 129 (66%); 58 (75%) symptomatic, 71 (61%) normal] reported that care discontinued. Worries were existed 44 (44%)] 73 (53%)], subgroup 27 (14%)]. Both 56 (46%) 102 (38%) 72 (48%)] an increase psychological symptoms. More than three quarter 111(76%)] patients' problems. A higher burden (56%) 43 (29%) them need more support. Discontinuation (OR 3.3 [1.3-7.9]), 4.0 [1.6-9.9]) 3.0 [1.0-9.0]) strongly experiencing Lastly, 3.2 [1.2-8.1]) symptoms 8.1 [2.8-23.7]) red flags decline. Conclusion: Not patients, express Moreover, we identified who are risk adverse outcomes measures, i.e., discontinued care, This underlines health professionals provide ways warrant continuation support (informal) networks surrounding mitigate negative effects.

Language: Английский

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