Biomarkers in long COVID-19: A systematic review

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Purpose Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, refers to the constellation long-term symptoms experienced by people suffering persistent for one or more months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood biomarkers can be altered in long COVID patients; however, associated with and their roles disease progression remain undetermined. This study aims systematically evaluate blood that may act indicators therapeutic targets COVID. Methods A systematic literature review PubMed, Embase, CINAHL was performed on 18 August 2022. The search keywords COVID-19 were used filter out eligible studies, which then carefully evaluated. Results Identified from 28 studies representing six biological classifications, 113 significantly COVID: (1) Cytokine/Chemokine (38, 33.6%); (2) Biochemical markers (24, 21.2%); (3) Vascular (20, 17.7%); (4) Neurological (6, 5.3%); (5) Acute phase protein (5, 4.4%); (6) Others 17.7%). Compared healthy control recovered patients without symptoms, 79 increased, 29 decreased, 5 required further determination patients. Of these, up-regulated Interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha might serve potential diagnostic Moreover, neurological exhibited higher levels neurofilament light chain glial fibrillary acidic whereas those pulmonary a level transforming growth beta. Conclusion present elevated inflammatory initial Our found significant associations between specific symptoms. Further investigations are warranted identify core set diagnose manage clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of serum neurodegenerative biomarkers among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients versus non‐COVID subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or Alzheimer's dementia

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 899 - 910

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Abstract Introduction Neurological complications among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients may be associated with elevated neurodegenerative biomarkers. Methods Among without a history of dementia (N = 251), we compared serum total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated tau‐181 (p‐tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), and amyloid beta (Aβ40,42) between or encephalopathy, in‐hospital death versus survival, discharge home other dispositions. patient biomarker levels were also to non‐COVID cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD) controls 161). Results Admission t‐tau, p‐tau181, GFAP, NfL significantly in encephalopathy those who died in‐hospital, while lower discharged home. These markers correlated severity COVID illness. NfL, UCHL1 higher than MCI AD. Discussion Neurodegenerative biomarkers observed AD worse outcomes patients.

Language: Английский

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GFAP as a Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1309 - 1309

Published: May 4, 2023

Blood biomarkers have been considered tools for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) tau are primarily blood biomarkers, recent studies identified other reliable candidates that can serve as measurable indicators pathological conditions. One such candidate is glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocytic cytoskeletal be detected in samples. Increasing evidence suggests GFAP levels used to detect early-stage AD. In this systematic review meta-analysis, we aimed evaluate peripheral a biomarker AD provide overview regarding its utility. Our analysis revealed level was higher Aβ-positive group than negative groups, individuals with or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared healthy controls. Therefore, believe clinical use measurements has potential accelerate diagnosis improve prognosis

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and risk of neurodegenerative disorders: A Mendelian randomization study

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 14, 2022

Emerging evidence has suggested a close correlation between COVID-19 and neurodegenerative disorders. However, whether there exists causal association the effect direction remains unknown. To examine causative role of in risk disorders, we estimated their genetic correlation, then conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide studies susceptibility, hospitalization, severity COVID-19, as well six major disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body multiple Parkinson's disease. We identified significant positive hospitalization AD (genetic correlation: 0.23, P = 8.36E-07). Meanwhile, was significantly associated with higher (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, P: 1.19E-03). Consistently, susceptibility 1.05, 1.01-1.09, 9.30E-03) 1.01, 1.00-1.02, 0.012) were nominally AD. The results robust under all sensitivity analyses. These demonstrated that could increase Future development preventive or therapeutic interventions attach importance to this alleviate complications COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Future of Digital Assays to Resolve Clinical Heterogeneity of Single Extracellular Vesicles

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 11619 - 11645

Published: July 29, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex lipid membrane vehicles with variable expressions of molecular cargo, composed diverse subpopulations that participate in the intercellular signaling biological responses disease. EV-based liquid biopsies demonstrate invaluable clinical potential for overhauling current practices disease management. Yet, EV heterogeneity is a major needle-in-a-haystack challenge to translate their use into practice. In this review, existing digital assays will be discussed analyze EVs at single vesicle resolution, and future opportunities optimize throughput, multiplexing, sensitivity highlighted. Furthermore, review outline challenges impact translation technologies diagnostics treatment monitoring.

Language: Английский

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Microgliosis and neuronal proteinopathy in brain persist beyond viral clearance in SARS-CoV-2 hamster model

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79, P. 103999 - 103999

Published: April 16, 2022

Neurological symptoms such as cognitive decline and depression contribute substantially to post-COVID-19 syndrome, defined lasting several weeks after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pathogenesis is still elusive, which hampers appropriate treatment. Neuroinflammatory responses neurodegenerative processes may occur in absence of overt neuroinvasion.Here we determined whether intranasal infection male female syrian golden hamsters results persistent brain pathology. Brains 3 (symptomatic) or 14 days (viral clearance) post versus mock (n = 10 each) were immunohistochemically analyzed for viral protein, neuroinflammatory response accumulation tau, hyperphosphorylated tau alpha-synuclein protein.Viral protein the nasal cavity led pronounced microglia activation olfactory bulb beyond clearance. Cortical but not hippocampal neurons accumulated alpha-synuclein, inflammation neurodegeneration. Importantly, all regions affected, line with selective vulnerability.Thus, despite virus brain, develop signatures proteinopathies that progressive neuronal dysfunction. Further depth analysis this important mechanism required.Federal Ministry Health (BMG; ZMV I 1-2520COR501), Federal Education Research (BMBF 01KI1723G), Science Culture Lower Saxony Germany (14 - 76103-184 CORONA-15/20), German Foundation (DFG; 398066876/GRK 2485/1), Luxemburgish National Fund (FNR, Project Reference: 15686728, EU SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020 MANCO, no > 101003651).

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID cognitive dysfunction: current status and research recommendations for high risk population

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 100836 - 100836

Published: July 5, 2023

Summary

Post-COVID cognitive dysfunction (PCCD) is a condition in which patients with history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, usually three months from the onset, exhibit subsequent impairment various domains, and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. While our knowledge risk factors management strategy PCCD still incomplete, it necessary to integrate current epidemiology, diagnosis treatment evidence, form consensus criteria better understand this disease improve management. Identifying vulnerable population providing reliable strategies for effective prevention urgently needed. In paper, we reviewed diagnostic markers, available treatments on disease, formed research recommendation framework population, under background post-COVID period.

Language: Английский

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Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein-Induced Activation of Microglia and Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Neuro-COVID

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 688 - 688

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes disease 2019 (COVID-19). About 45% of COVID-19 patients experience several symptoms a few months after the initial infection and develop post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), referred to as “Long-COVID,” characterized by persistent physical mental fatigue. However, exact pathogenetic mechanisms affecting brain are still not well-understood. There is increasing evidence neurovascular inflammation in brain. precise role neuroinflammatory response that contributes severity long COVID pathogenesis clearly understood. Here, we review reports spike protein can cause blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction damage neurons either directly, or via activation mast cells microglia release various molecules. Moreover, provide recent novel flavanol eriodictyol particularly suited for development an effective treatment alone together with oleuropein sulforaphane (ViralProtek®), all which have potent anti-viral anti-inflammatory actions.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of long COVID and the path toward therapeutics

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Plasma proteomic evidence for increased β-amyloid pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that systemic viral infections may increase risks of dementia. Whether this holds true for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is unknown. Determining important anticipating the potential future incidence To begin to do this, we measured plasma biomarkers linked Alzheimer’s disease pathology in UK Biobank before and after serology-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. infection was associated with β-amyloid pathology: reduced Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio and, more vulnerable participants, lower Aβ42 higher pTau-181. The biomarker changes were greater participants who had been hospitalized COVID-19 or reported hypertension previously. We showed brain structural imaging patterns disease, cognitive test scores poorer overall health evaluations. Our data from post hoc case–control matched study thus provide observational evidence can be older adults. While these results not establish causality, they suggest (and possibly other inflammatory diseases) risk disease.

Language: Английский

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