Exposome and unhealthy aging: environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 3381 - 3408

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

The aging population worldwide is facing a significant increase in age-related non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and brain pathologies. This comprehensive review paper delves into the impact of exposome, which encompasses totality environmental exposures, on unhealthy aging. It explores how factors contribute to acceleration processes, biological age, facilitate development progression wide range age-associated diseases. cognitive health chronic diseases affecting system central nervous discussed, with specific focus Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's stroke, small vessel vascular impairment (VCI). Aging major risk factor for these Their pathogenesis involves cellular molecular mechanisms such as increased oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial function, DNA damage, inflammation influenced by factors. Environmental toxicants, ambient particulate matter, pesticides, heavy metals, organic solvents, have been identified contributors disorders. These toxicants can inflict both macro- microvascular damage many them also cross blood-brain barrier, inducing neurotoxic effects, neuroinflammation, neuronal dysfunction. In conclusion, play critical role modulating A deeper understanding exacerbate processes neurodegenerative VCI, dementia crucial preventive strategies interventions promote cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, health. By mitigating exposure harmful promoting healthy aging, we strive reduce burden pathologies population.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Alzheimer's disease: A multifaceted review of potential therapies and diagnostic techniques for early detection

Neurochemistry International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 105761 - 105761

Published: May 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Photobiomodulation in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease: state-of-the-art and translational perspectives

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: May 21, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a significant public health problem, affecting millions of people across the world. Despite decades research into therapeutic strategies for AD, effective prevention or treatment this devastating disorder remains elusive. In review, we discuss potential photobiomodulation (PBM) preventing and alleviating AD-associated pathologies, with focus on biological mechanisms underlying therapy. Future directions guidance clinical practice non-invasive non-pharmacological therapy are also highlighted. The available evidence indicates that different paradigms, including transcranial systemic PBM, along recently proposed remote all could be promising AD. PBM exerts diverse effects, such as enhancing mitochondrial function, mitigating neuroinflammation caused by activated glial cells, increasing cerebral perfusion, improving glymphatic drainage, regulating gut microbiome, boosting myokine production, modulating immune system. We suggest may serve powerful intervention

Language: Английский

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Differentiating Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies from Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pragmatic Review for Clinicians

Neurology and Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 885 - 906

Published: May 8, 2024

This pragmatic review synthesises the current understanding of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (pDLB) and Alzheimer's disease (pAD), including clinical presentations, neuropsychological profiles, neuropsychiatric symptoms, biomarkers, indications for management. The core features (DLB)—parkinsonism, complex visual hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations, REM sleep behaviour disorder are common symptoms. Supportive pDLB include severe neuroleptic sensitivity, as well autonomic profile in mild impairment attributable to body pathology (MCI-LB) tends visuospatial skills executive functioning, distinguishing it from MCI due AD, which typically presents memory. may present impairment, psychiatric and/or recurrent episodes delirium, indicating that is not necessarily synonymous MCI-LB. Imaging, fluid other biomarkers play a crucial role differentiating pAD. MCI-LB criteria recognise low dopamine transporter uptake using positron emission tomography or single photon computed (SPECT), loss atonia on polysomnography, sympathetic cardiac denervation meta-iodobenzylguanidine SPECT indicative slowing dominant frequency EEG among others supportive biomarkers. also highlights emergence skin-based There little research evidence treatment pDLB, but pharmacological non-pharmacological treatments DLB be discussed patients. Non-pharmacological interventions such diet, exercise, stimulation provide benefit, while evaluation management contributing factors like medications disturbances vital. need expand across diverse patient populations address existing disparities trial participation. In conclusion, an early accurate diagnosis pAD opportunity tailored interventions, improved healthcare outcomes, enhanced quality life patients care partners.

Language: Английский

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Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1430 - 1447

Published: July 8, 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two major health concerns that have seen a rising prevalence worldwide. Recent studies indicated possible link between DM an increased risk of developing AD. Insulin, while primarily known for its role in regulating blood sugar, also plays vital protecting brain functions. Insulin resistance (IR), especially prevalent type 2 diabetes, is believed to play significant AD's development. When insulin signalling becomes dysfunctional, it can negatively affect various functions, making individuals more susceptible defining features, such as the buildup beta-amyloid plaques tau protein tangles. Emerging research suggests addressing insulin-related issues might help reduce or even reverse changes linked This review aims explore rela-tionship AD, with focus on IR. It explores molecular mechanisms by which IR lead assesses current treatments target Understanding IR's connection AD offers new possibilities highlights importance continued this interdisciplinary field.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Methionine-Rich Diet in Unhealthy Cerebrovascular and Brain Aging: Mechanisms and Implications for Cognitive Impairment

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(21), P. 4662 - 4662

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

As aging societies in the western world face a growing prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD), understanding their underlying causes associated risk factors becomes increasingly critical. A salient concern dietary context is high consumption methionine-rich foods such as red meat. The present review delves into impact this methionine-heavy diet resultant hyperhomocysteinemia on accelerated cerebrovascular brain aging, emphasizing potential roles impairment. Through comprehensive exploration existing evidence, link between methionine intake oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, epigenetic drawn. Moreover, microvascular determinants deterioration, including endothelial reduced cerebral blood flow, rarefaction, impaired neurovascular coupling, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, are explored. mechanisms by which excessive might drive cerebromicrovascular processes elucidated. By presenting an intricate relationships among diets, hyperhomocysteinemia, impairment, avenues for future research therapeutic interventions suggested.

Language: Английский

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Cross-Cultural Validation of Neuropsychological Assessments and their Clinical Applications in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Scoping Analysis

Published: July 22, 2024

This systematic review explores the cross-cultural validation of neuropsychological assessments and their clinical applications in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), focusing on culturally adapted CBT (CA-CBT) across diverse populations settings. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted multiple academic databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web Science. Keywords related to cognitive-behavioral therapy, cultural adaptation, specific were used. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) pilot studies that assessed CA-CBT for various mental health conditions. Results: The included involving Chinese Americans, Latino caregivers, Syrian refugees, Jordanian children, Malaysian Muslims, Afghan Iraqi women, Japanese children adolescents, Tanzanian Kenyan children. demonstrated significant effectiveness reducing symptoms depression, anxiety, PTSD, psychosis. For instance, Research has shown is more effective than standard depressive among Americans significantly lowering PTSD refugee women. method been well-received feasible populations, such as refugees. Long-term benefits are promising, with sustained improvements reported studies. Additionally, digital remote delivery methods have potential expanding accessibility CA-CBT. Conclusions: valuable intervention improving outcomes. However, future research must address limitations small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, variability assessment tools. Studies should include larger longer rigorous control groups, outcome measures further validate enhance application different contexts.

Language: Английский

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Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers and physical functioning in a diverse sample of adults

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Abstract INTRODUCTION The relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma biomarkers, and physical functioning (PF) across diverse races ethnicities remains unclear. This study aims to explore this association in an ethno‐racially sample of cognitively unimpaired community‐dwelling adults. METHODS Data clinical examinations, neuropsychological tests, blood draws, PF exams (Timed Up Go [TUG] Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]) were analyzed. Multivariable linear regressions assessed the AD biomarkers (amyloid beta [Aβ]40, Aβ42, total tau [t‐tau], neurofiliament light chain [NfL]). RESULTS ( n = 2358; mean age 64.7 years; 65.9% female), was 20% African American, 41.9% non‐Hispanic White, 38.1% Hispanic. Findings indicate that worse is linked higher biomarker levels p < 0.05). Associations differed by race ethnicity group. TUG time associated 0.05) with Aβ40, among Whites, whereas SPPB scores t‐tau NfL Americans. DISCUSSION PF, ethnic/racial, data should be used aid developing risk profiles for neurodegenerative diseases. Highlights are Ethno‐racial variation exists associations Race considered when assessing

Language: Английский

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Advances in Huntington’s Disease Biomarkers: A 10-Year Bibliometric Analysis and a Comprehensive Review

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 129 - 129

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) cause progressive neuronal loss and are a significant public health concern, with NDs projected to become the second leading global of death within two decades. Huntington’s disease (HD) is rare, ND caused by an autosomal-dominant mutation in huntingtin (HTT) gene, severe brain resulting debilitating motor, cognitive, psychiatric symptoms. Given complex pathology HD, biomarkers essential for performing early diagnosis, monitoring progression, evaluating treatment efficacy. However, identification consistent HD challenging due prolonged premanifest stage, HD’s heterogeneous presentation, its multiple underlying biological pathways. This study involves 10-year bibliometric analysis biomarker research, revealing key research trends gaps. The also features comprehensive literature review emerging biomarkers, concluding need better stratification patients well-designed longitudinal studies validate biomarkers. Promising candidate wet biomarkers— including neurofilament light chain protein (NfL), microRNAs, mutant HTT protein, specific metabolic inflammatory markers— discussed, emphasis on their potential utility stage. Additionally, reflecting structural deficits motor or behavioral impairments, such as neurophysiological (e.g., tapping, speech, EEG, event-related potentials) imaging MRI, PET, diffusion tensor imaging) evaluated. findings underscore that discovery validation reliable urgently require improved patient studies. Reliable particularly crucial optimizing clinical management strategies, enabling personalized approaches, advancing trials HD-modifying therapies.

Language: Английский

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Age-related differences in locus coeruleus intensity across a demographically diverse sample

Neurobiology of Aging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 122 - 131

Published: March 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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