Geroscience and pathology: a new frontier in understanding age-related diseases

Pathology & Oncology Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Geroscience, a burgeoning discipline at the intersection of aging and disease, aims to unravel intricate relationship between process pathogenesis age-related diseases. This paper explores pivotal role played by geroscience in reshaping our understanding pathology, with particular focus on These diseases, spanning cardiovascular cerebrovascular disorders, malignancies, neurodegenerative conditions, significantly contribute morbidity mortality older individuals. We delve into fundamental cellular molecular mechanisms underpinning aging, including mitochondrial dysfunction senescence, elucidate their profound implications for various Emphasis is placed importance assessing key biomarkers biological age within realm pathology. also scrutinize interplay senescence cancer biology as central area focus, underscoring its paramount significance contemporary pathological research. Moreover, we shed light integration anti-aging interventions that target processes, such senolytics, mitochondria-targeted treatments, influence epigenetic regulation domain pathology In conclusion, concepts research heralds transformative paradigm shift disease promises breakthroughs prevention treatment.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Toxicant Exposure and Depressive Symptoms

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. e2420259 - e2420259

Published: July 3, 2024

Importance Recognizing associations between exposure to common environmental toxicants and mental disorders such as depression is crucial for guiding targeted mechanism research the initiation of disease prevention efforts. Objectives To comprehensively screen assess potential depressive symptoms whether systemic inflammation serves a mediator. Design, Setting, Participants A total 3427 participants from 2013-2014 2015-2016 waves National Health Nutrition Examination Survey who had information on blood or urine concentrations scores assessed by 9-item Patient Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were included. Statistical analysis was performed July 1, 2023, January 31, 2024. Exposures Sixty-two in 10 categories included acrylamide, arsenic, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, iodine, metals, nicotine metabolites, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites; perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate. Main Outcomes Measures An exposome-wide association study deletion-substitution-addition algorithm used with (PHQ-9 ≥5) adjusted other important covariates. mediation framework evaluate mediating role peripheral white cell count. Results Among adults included, 1735 (50.6%) women, 2683 (78.3%) younger than 65 years, 744 (21.7%) years older, 839 (24.5%) having symptoms. In terms race ethnicity, 570 (16.6%) Mexican American, 679 (19.8%) non-Hispanic Black, 1314 (38.3%) White. We identified 27 chemical compounds metals 6 prevalence symptoms, including VOC metabolites N -acetyl- S -(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)- l -cysteine (odds ratio [OR], 1.74 [95% CI, 1.38, 2.18]) equivalent-2 (OR, 1.42 1.26-1.59]). Men individuals appear more vulnerable women older individuals. Peripheral count mediated 5% 19% associations. Conclusions Relevance this representative cross-sectional toxicant exposures, associated inflammation. This provides insight into selecting targets mechanistic causes facilitating efforts reduce exposures.

Language: Английский

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Leveraging Administrative Health Databases to Address Health Challenges in Farming Populations: Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis (1975-2024)

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e62939 - e62939

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Background Although agricultural health has gained importance, to date, much of the existing research relies on traditional epidemiological approaches that often face limitations related sample size, geographic scope, temporal coverage, and range events examined. To address these challenges, a complementary approach involves leveraging reusing data beyond its original purpose. Administrative databases (AHDs) are increasingly reused in population-based digital public health, especially for populations such as farmers, who distinct environmental risks. Objective We aimed explore reuse AHDs addressing issues within farming by summarizing current landscape AHD-based identifying key areas interest, gaps, unmet needs. Methods conducted scoping review bibliometric analysis using PubMed Web Science. Building upon previous reviews research, we comprehensive literature search 72 terms population AHDs. identify hot spots, directions, used keyword frequency, co-occurrence, thematic mapping. also explored profile exposome mapping co-occurrences between factors outcomes. Results Between 1975 April 2024, 296 publications across 118 journals, predominantly from high-income countries, were identified. Nearly one-third associated with well-established cohorts, Agriculture Cancer Agricultural Health Study. The most frequently included disease registers (158/296, 53.4%), electronic records (124/296, 41.9%), insurance claims (106/296, 35.8%), (95/296, 32.1%), hospital discharge (41/296, 13.9%). Fifty (16.9%) studies involved >1 million participants. broad exposure proxies used, (254/296, 85.8%) relied proxies, which failed capture specifics tasks. Research remains underexplored, predominant focus specific external exposome, particularly pesticide exposure. A limited have been examined, primarily cancer, mortality, injuries. Conclusions increasing use holds major potential advance populations. However, substantial gaps persist, low-income regions among underrepresented subgroups, women, children, contingent workers. Emerging issues, including per- polyfluoroalkyl substances, biological agents, microbiome, microplastics, climate change, warrant further research. Major persist understanding various conditions, cardiovascular, reproductive, ocular, sleep-related, age-related, autoimmune diseases. Addressing overlooked is essential comprehending risks faced communities guiding policies. Within this context, promoting conjunction other sources (eg, mobile social data, wearables) artificial intelligence approaches, represents promising avenue future exploration.

Language: Английский

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Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells (ECFCs) in Cerebrovascular Aging: Focus on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID), and Treatment Prospects

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102672 - 102672

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome’s Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine—Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 722 - 722

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Aging and longevity are shaped by the exposome, a dynamic network of environmental, social, biological factors. Understanding how these exposures interact with mechanisms can inform strategies for healthier aging. Background/Objectives: This review explores exposome as system encompassing both protective risk factors, specific focus on beneficial environmental exposures, microbiome diversity, lifestyle behaviors, resilience contribute to successful By analyzing high-longevity populations, such Blue Zones Cilento, it aims identify common determinants Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted, combining systematic English literature (2003-2024) comparative analysis regions. structured search performed in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar using keywords "longevity", "Blue Zones", "Cilento", "microbiome", "environmental factors", related terms. Additionally, qualitative quantitative were applied assess key factors across different aging models. Results: identified contributing hotspots, including sustained exposure biodiverse natural environments, adherence Mediterranean or plant-based diet rich polyphenols probiotics, regular physical activity, strong social networks, psychological resilience. novel aspect this is role gut mediator between immune-metabolic health, influencing inflammation modulation cellular Despite geographic cultural differences, case studies reveal shared pattern that collectively enhance lifespan healthspan. Conclusions: The critical determinant trajectories, acting through complex interactions mechanisms. integrating insights from proposes comprehensive framework optimizing enhancing resilience, promoting exposures. These findings provide translational perspective guide future interventions research global health initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Gasotransmitters to Combat Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 344 - 344

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Age-related oxidative stress is a critical factor in vascular dysfunction, contributing to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Smooth muscle cells endothelial are particularly susceptible damage, which exacerbates aging through cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, arterial stiffness. Gasotransmitters—hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO)—are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for counteracting these processes. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies focusing on the mechanisms by H2S, NO, CO influence smooth cell function. Therapeutic strategies involving exogenous gasotransmitter delivery systems combination therapies were analyzed. H2S enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics, scavenges ROS, activates antioxidant pathways. NO improves function, promotes vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation. exhibits cytoprotective anti-inflammatory effects modulating heme oxygenase activity ROS production. In preclinical studies, gasotransmitter-releasing molecules (e.g., NaHS, SNAP, CORMs) targeted show significant promise. Synergistic with lifestyle modifications further enhance their potential. conclusion, gasotransmitters hold promise combat age-related cells. Their multifaceted innovative approaches make them potential candidates treating dysfunction promoting healthy aging. Further research needed translate into clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Sleep disorders increase the risk of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 11, 2025

Abstract Sleep disorders, particularly insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea, are increasingly implicated as significant contributors to cognitive decline, dementia, neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer’s disease (AD) vascular impairment dementia (VCID). However, the extent specificity of these associations remain uncertain. This meta-analysis evaluates impact common disorders on risk developing decline. A comprehensive search literature was conducted identify prospective cohort studies assessing risk. Studies reporting estimates for AD, or decline associated with insomnia, other (e.g., restless legs syndrome, circadian rhythm excessive daytime sleepiness) were included. Meta-analyses performed using a random-effects model calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Thirty-nine included, subgroup analyses showing between all-cause apnea (HR 1.33, CI 1.09–1.61), 1.36, 1.19–1.55), 1.24–1.43). Obstructive increased AD 1.45, 1.24–1.69), though its association did not reach statistical significance 1.35, 0.99–1.84). Insomnia significantly both 1.59, 1.01–2.51) 1.49, 1.27–1.74). highlights critical role in risk, emphasizing need early detection management disturbances. Targeted interventions could play pivotal reducing among high-risk populations.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer Prevention: Immunological Mechanisms, Inflammatory Pathways, and Nutritional Implications

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1351 - 1351

Published: April 15, 2025

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune system, with immunomodulatory effects that are key prevention colorectal cancer (CRC). Over past decades, research has shown this steroid hormone impacts much more than bone health, significantly influencing responses. enhances organ functions such as spleen and lymph nodes, boosts T-cell activity, which is essential defending body against tumors. Additionally, vitamin mitigates inflammatory responses closely linked to development, reducing inflammation contributes CRC. It acts via receptors (VDRs) expressed on cells, modulating Adequate levels influence gene expression related cell proliferation, inhibiting tumor development. also activates mechanisms suppress survival, migration, metastasis. Low have been associated an increased risk CRC, deficiency correlating higher disease incidence. Lifestyle factors, diet high red meat calories but low fiber, fruits, vegetables, well physical inactivity, contribute CRC risk. Insufficient calcium intake occurrence poorer clinical outcomes. Maintaining optimal adequate dietary preventing improving patient prognosis. This review explores summarizes findings from randomized trials assessing supplementation

Language: Английский

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Factors Affecting Resilience and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias

Annals of Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(4), P. 633 - 649

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating, age‐associated neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. The clinical continuum AD spans from preclinical to subjective cognitive decline, mild impairment, dementia stages (mild, moderate, severe). Neuropathologically, defined by accumulation amyloid β (Aβ) into extracellular plaques in brain parenchyma cerebral vasculature, abnormally phosphorylated tau that accumulates intraneuronally forming neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Development treatment approaches prevent or even reduce decline because has been slow compared other major causes death. Recently, United States Food Drug Administration gave full approval 2 different Aβ‐targeting monoclonal antibodies. However, this breakthrough modifying approach only applies limited subset patients there are stringent eligibility criteria. Furthermore, these do not progression disease, AD‐related pathologies, such as NFTs, directly targeted. A non‐mutually exclusive alternative address lifestyle interventions can help risk dementias (ADRD). It estimated addressing modifiable factors could potentially delay up 40% AD/ADRD cases. In review, we discuss some many may be associated with prevention and/or increasing resilience, well interact influence progression. [Color figure viewed at www.annalsofneurology.org ] ANN NEUROL 2024;96:633–649

Language: Английский

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Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Aortic Endothelial Relaxation by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function and Attenuating Oxidative Stress in Aged Mice

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 103189 - 103189

Published: May 15, 2024

Age-related endothelial dysfunction is a pivotal factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, stemming, at least part, from mitochondrial and consequential increase oxidative stress. These alterations are central to decline vascular health seen with aging, underscoring urgent need for interventions capable restoring function preventing diseases. Dietary interventions, notably time-restricted feeding (TRF), have been identified their anti-aging effects on mitochondria, offering protection against age-associated declines skeletal muscle other organs. Motivated by these findings, our study aimed investigate whether TRF could similarly exert protective vasculature, enhancing reducing To explore this, 12-month-old C57BL/6 mice were placed diet, food access limited 6-h window daily 12 months. For comparison, we included groups young age-matched controls unrestricted feeding. We evaluated impact measuring acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation aorta. Mitochondrial was assessed using fluororespirometry, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production quantified redox-sensitive dye dihydroethidium. also 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels, stable marker lipid peroxidation, aorta ELISA. Our findings demonstrated that aged standard diet exhibited significant impairments aortic relaxation function, associated elevated Remarkably, regimen led substantial improvements parameters, indicating enhanced vasorelaxation, better reduced stress aortas mice. This investigation establishes vital foundation, paving way subsequent clinical research exploring benefits intermittent fasting.

Language: Английский

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