Fused heterocycle-based energetic materials (2012–2019)

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 4193 - 4216

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Fused heterocycles are unique building blocks for the synthesis of a wide range high-performance energetic materials.

Language: Английский

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Explosives in the Cage: Metal–Organic Frameworks for High‐Energy Materials Sensing and Desensitization

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 29(36)

Published: July 21, 2017

An overview of the current status coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) pertaining to field energetic materials is provided. The explosive applications MOFs are discussed from two aspects: one for detection explosives, other desensitization. By virtue their adjustable pore/cage sizes, high surface area, tunable functional sites, rich host-guest chemistry, have emerged as promising candidates both sensing challenges perspectives in these areas thoroughly discussed, processing methods practical also briefly.

Language: Английский

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Conjugated Energetic Salts Based on Fused Rings: Insensitive and Highly Dense Materials

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 140(44), P. 15001 - 15007

Published: Oct. 17, 2018

Nitroamino-functionalized 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3- b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine (1), when combined with intermolecular hydrogen bonds (HBs) and strong noncovalent interactions between layers, results, for example, in an interlayer distance of 2.9 Å dihydroxylammonium 3,6-dinitramino-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3- (2c) a packing coefficient 0.805. For 6,6'-dinitramino-3,3'-azo-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3- (3b), two fused rings are linked by azo group, which expands the conjugated system resulting even shorter 2.7 higher 0.807. These values appear to be shortest distances highest coefficients reported tetrazine energetic materials. With high coefficients, both possess densities 1.92 g cm-3 1.99 at 293 K, respectively. Compared its precursor, hydroxylammonium moiety serves as buffer chain (H-N-O-H), connecting anion cation through bonds, giving rise more favorable stacking, density lower sensitivity. The sensitivities all salts than that their neutral precursors, such compound 2 (3 J, >5 N) 2c (25 360 N). detonation properties (detonation velocity vD = 9712 m s-1 pressure P 43 GPa) 3b (vD 10233 s-1; 49 exceed those present explosive benchmarks, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) hexanitrohexaazaisowurzitane (CL-20). molecular structures several these new materials confirmed single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Using calculated experimental ring planar large π-conjugated results compromise desirable stabilities properties, thus enhancing future utilization design

Language: Английский

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Molecular perovskite high-energetic materials

Science China Materials, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 61(8), P. 1123 - 1128

Published: Feb. 10, 2018

Language: Английский

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Nitro compounds as the core structures of promising energetic materials and versatile reagents for organic synthesis

Russian Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 1 - 54

Published: Oct. 31, 2019

This review addresses some promising areas of chemistry nitro compounds extensively developed in recent years Russia (particularly at the N.D.Zelinsky Institute Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy Sciences) and worldwide. The most important results synthesis novel energetic N -, C - O -nitro are summarized. New environmentally friendly approaches to preparation known this series, used as components compositions, considered. Methods for selective transformations various valuable products organic synthesis, primarily biologically active their precursors, systematically analyzed. bibliography includes 446 references.

Language: Английский

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Construction of an Unusual Two-Dimensional Layered Structure for Fused-Ring Energetic Materials with High Energy and Good Stability

Engineering, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. 1006 - 1012

Published: June 10, 2020

The creation of high-performance energetic materials with good mechanical sensitivities has been a great challenge over the past decades, since such have huge amounts energy and are thus essentially unstable. Here, we report on promising fused-ring material an unusual two-dimensional (2D) structure, 4-nitro-7-azido-pyrazol-[3,4-d]-1,2,3-triazine-2-oxide (NAPTO), whose unique 2D structure confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Experimental studies show that this novel compound remarkably high (detonation velocity D = 9.12 km·s−1; detonation pressure P 35.1 GPa), excellent toward external stimuli (impact sensitivity IS 18 J; friction FS 325 N; electrostatic discharge EDS 0.32 J) thermal decomposition temperature (203.2 °C), possessing dual advantages low sensitivities. To our knowledge, NAPTO is first layered crystal stacking. stabilization mechanism were investigated using molecular simulations, theoretical calculation results demonstrate ultraflat can buffer more effectively than other structures converting acting into layer sliding compression. Our study reveals promise for creating advanced materials.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Energetic Performance of Multinuclear Ag(I)-Cluster MOF-Based High-Energy-Density Materials by Thermal Dehydration

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 9233 - 9238

Published: Feb. 14, 2019

It is an enormous challenge to construct high-energy-density materials meeting simultaneously requirements of high energy and excellent stability. In this work, the reaction a Ag(I) ion with nitrogen-rich ligand, 1 H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid (H2tza), leads novel Ag7-cluster metal-organic framework, [Ag7(tza)3(Htza)2(H2tza)(H2O)] (1), remarkable high-energy content, stability, insensitivity. Dramatically, heating-dehydrated process produces new stable energetic material, [Ag7(tza)3(Htza)2(H2tza)] (1a), which features superior undiminished safety performance compared those 1.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis of Thermally Stable and Insensitive Energetic Materials by Incorporating the Tetrazole Functionality into a Fused-Ring 3,6-Dinitropyrazolo-[4,3-c]Pyrazole Framework

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(49), P. 45914 - 45921

Published: Nov. 13, 2019

A series of fused-ring energetic materials, i.e., 3,6-dinitro-1,4-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNTPP, compound 2) and its ionic derivatives (compounds 3–8), were designed synthesized in this study. The molecular structures compounds 2, 3, 6, 7·2H2O, 8 confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their physicochemical properties, such as density, thermal stability, heat formation, sensitivity, detonation properties (e.g., velocity pressure), also evaluated. results indicate that DNTPP most are extremely thermally stable insensitive toward mechanical stimuli. In particular, the decomposition temperature 3 is up to 329 °C, while 7 very (impact sensitivity: >20 J; friction >360 N). Compounds 6 possess good comprehensive including excellent remarkable low sensitivities, favorable performance. These features show have considerable promise materials.

Language: Английский

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Desensitization of the dinitromethyl group: molecular/crystalline factors that affect the sensitivities of energetic materials

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(45), P. 22705 - 22712

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

The dinitromethyl group has attracted considerable attention because of its high nitrogen and oxygen content, positive balance energy.

Language: Английский

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A 34‐Electron Superatom Ag ₇₈ Cluster with Regioselective Ternary Ligands Shells and Its 2D Rhombic Superlattice Assembly

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60(8), P. 4231 - 4237

Published: Nov. 3, 2020

Abstract Herein, we report a 78‐nuclei silver nanocluster (NC) [Ag 78 ( i PrPhS) 30 (dppm) 10 Cl ] 4+ SD/Ag78a ; dppm=bis‐(diphenylphosphino)methane) that was synthesized through one‐pot reaction using [Ag(pz)] n as precursor (Hpz=pyrazole) and further characterized by X‐ray crystallography. shows core–shell structure comprised of an all‐metallic Ag 53 kernel surrounded 25 discontinuous metal–organic shell. The is 13 Ino decahedron encaged 40 drum‐like shell, while the shell consists two S P 5 rings five S‐Ag‐S staples. Three types ligands regioselectively cap on surface NC, forming diverse metal–ligand interfacial structures. NC closed‐shell 34‐electron superatom with +4 charge state highly featured molecule‐like absorption spectra in UV/Vis region maximum around 493 nm. rhombic superlattice assembled from intercluster C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions can be formed simple drop‐casting treatment.

Language: Английский

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