Molecules,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
26(6), P. 1595 - 1595
Published: March 13, 2021
Hypergolic
systems
rely
on
organic
fuel
and
a
powerful
oxidizer
that
spontaneously
ignites
upon
contact
without
any
external
ignition
source.
Although
their
main
utilization
pertains
to
rocket
fuels
propellants,
it
is
only
recently
hypergolics
has
been
established
from
our
group
as
new
general
method
for
the
synthesis
of
different
morphologies
carbon
nanostructures
depending
hypergolic
pair
(organic
fuel-oxidizer).
In
search
pairs,
mixture
described
here
contains
polyaniline
source
fuming
nitric
acid
strong
oxidizer.
Specifically,
two
reagents
react
rapidly
at
ambient
conditions
afford
nanosheets.
Further
liquid-phase
exfoliation
nanosheets
in
dimethylformamide
results
dispersed
single
layers
exhibiting
Tyndall
effect.
The
can
be
extended
other
conductive
polymers,
such
polythiophene
polypyrrole,
leading
formation
type
(e.g.,
photolumincent
dots).
Apart
being
pathway
towards
nanomaterials
reaction
present
pairs
also
provide
novel
set
bipropellants
based
polymers.
FirePhysChem,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2(2), P. 83 - 139
Published: Oct. 1, 2021
Energetic
material
is
a
very
essential
company
of
compounds,
widely
used
in
various
fields,
primarily
the
military
industry
and
space
technologies.
These
compounds
are
unique
that
they
capable
instantly
decomposing
to
release
enormous
energy.
The
chemical
diversity
energetic
organic
constantly
increasing
through
combination
high-nitrogen
frameworks
explosophoric
groups,
which
follows
overall
trend
interest
their
chemistry
applications.
scientific
community
looking
for
more
powerful
less
sensitive
external
impulses
both
civilian
use.
Herein,
detailed
overview
regarding
classic
novel
groups
frameworks,
as
well
description
selected
synthesis
target
has
been
given
time
period
since
2010.
physical
properties
performances
benchmark
prospective
also
collected.
Russian Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
89(1), P. 55 - 124
Published: Sept. 27, 2019
The
review
is
devoted
to
modern
trends
in
the
chemistry
of
nitrogen-,
oxygen-and
sulfur-containing
monocyclic,
polynuclear
and
benzo(hetero)annulated
heterocyclic
compounds.
Methods
for
synthesis
chemical
reactivity
furazan,
furoxan,
thiazole,
thiadiazole,
dithiazole,
thiophene,
glycoluril,
imidazotriazine,
diaziridine
other
heterocycles
are
discussed.
Characteristic
features
reactions
depending
on
structure
starting
compounds,
intermediates
reaction
medium
(organic
solvents,
ionic
liquids)
mechanistic
aspects
most
interesting
transformations
considered.
Data
biological
activities
prospects
practical
applications
indicated
systems
presented.
bibliography
includes
383
references.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(8), P. 10594 - 10604
Published: Feb. 22, 2022
The
development
of
energetic
materials
is
still
facing
a
huge
challenge
because
the
relationship
between
energy
and
sensitivity
usually
contradictory:
high
always
accompanied
with
low
sensitivity.
Here,
high-energy,
low-sensitivity
polynitro-functionalized
azopyrazole
(TNAP)
its
salts
have
been
synthesized.
structural
characterization
these
compounds
was
analyzed
by
elemental
analysis,
1H
13C
NMR
spectroscopies,
infrared
spectroscopy.
single-crystal
structure
K2TNAP,
TNAP,
5,
6
obtained
X-ray
diffraction,
K2TNAP
novel
metal-organic
framework.
calculated
detonation
properties
TNAP
(9040
m
s-1
36.0
GPa)
are
superior
to
that
RDX
(8796
33.6
GPa).
In
addition,
also
has
lower
mechanical
(IS
>
40
J,
FS
=
244
N)
higher
decomposition
temperature
(Td
221
°C)
than
7.4
120
N,
Td
204
°C).
These
experimental
results
suggest
may
become
new
candidate
for
secondary
explosives.
Russian Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
92(12), P. RCR5104 - RCR5104
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
After
the
appearance
of
green
chemistry
concept,
which
was
introduced
in
vocabulary
early
1990s,
its
main
statements
have
been
continuously
developed
and
modified.
Currently,
there
are
10–12
cornerstones
that
should
form
basis
for
an
ideal
chemical
process.
This
review
analyzes
accumulated
experience
achievements
towards
design
products
processes
reduce
or
eliminate
use
generation
hazardous
substances.
The
presents
views
leading
Russian
scientists
specializing
various
fields
this
subject,
including
homogeneous
heterogeneous
catalysis,
fine
basic
organic
synthesis,
electrochemistry,
polymer
chemistry,
based
on
bio-renewable
feedstocks
energetic
compounds
materials.
A
new
approach
to
quantitative
evaluation
environmental
friendliness
by
authors
is
described.
<br>
bibliography
includes
1761.
Russian Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
93(2), P. RCR5109 - RCR5109
Published: Jan. 16, 2024
The
study
of
high-energy
materials
based
on
poly
nitrogen-
and
nitrogen-oxygen-containing
heterocycles
is
one
the
most
important
relevant
modern
interdisciplinary
research
areas
at
intersection
organic
physical
chemistry
science.
Among
such
heterocycles,
1,2,4-oxadiazole
ring
a
rather
interesting
building
block
for
synthesis
new
energetic
compounds.
Although
1,2,4-oxadiazoles
has
been
developed
more
than
100
years,
these
have
only
recently
become
known
are
currently
"hot
spots"
in
this
field
This
review
systematizes
published
methods
features
reactivity
1,2,4-oxadiazole-based
Mono-
bis(1,2,4-oxadiazoles)
as
well
structures
containing
other
azoles
pyrazole,
1,2,5-oxadiazole,
1,3,4-oxadiazole,
1,2,3-triazole,
1,2,4-triazole
tetrazole
considered.
For
series
structurally
similar
compounds,
their
physicochemical
properties
summarized
factors
affecting
particular
parameter
discussed.<br>
Bibliography
—
123
references.
FirePhysChem,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
1(2), P. 83 - 89
Published: May 2, 2021
There
is
a
need
for
dense
energetic
oxidizers
whose
composition
restricted
to
carbon,
hydrogen,
nitrogen
and
oxygen
atoms
as
chlorine-free
alternative
current
of
materials
such
explosives,
propellants
pyrotechnics.
High
heterocyclic
frameworks
containing
trinitromethyl
units
are
an
attractive
increasingly
important
class
oxygen-rich
compounds.
Herein,
the
first
time,
synthetic
method
has
been
developed
preparation
new
(pyrazole-3-yl)furazan
framework
bearing
nitro
group
in
furazan
ring.
From
this
framework,
3-nitro-4-(4-nitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)furazan
(15)
3-(3,4-dinitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-nitrofurazan
(16)
have
produced.
The
combination
positive
enthalpy
formation,
high
density,
favorable
physical
thermal
properties,
reasonable
sensitivity
with
promising
theoretical
performance
these
compounds
offers
not
only
fundamental
interest,
but
also
potential
practical
applications,
example,
candidates
environmentally
benign
rocket
propellants.
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
27(59), P. 14628 - 14637
Published: July 29, 2021
A
series
of
novel
energetic
materials
comprising
azo-bridged
furoxanylazoles
enriched
with
functionalities
was
designed
and
synthesized.
These
high-energy
were
thoroughly
characterized
by
IR
multinuclear
NMR
(1
H,
13
C,
14
N)
spectroscopy,
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry,
elemental
analysis,
differential
scanning
calorimetry
(DSC).
The
molecular
structures
representative
amino
azo
oxadiazole
assemblies
additionally
confirmed
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction
powder
diffraction.
comparison
contributions
explosophoric
moieties
into
the
density
revealed
that
furoxan
1,2,4-oxadiazole
rings
are
densest
motifs
while
substitution
azide
fragments
on
nitro
ones
leads
to
an
increase
density.
Azo
bridged
have
high
nitrogen-oxygen
contents
(68.8-76.9
%)
thermal
stability.
synthesized
compounds
exhibit
good
experimental
densities
(1.62-1.88
g
cm-3
),
very
enthalpies
formation
(846-1720
kJ
mol-1
and,
as
a
result,
excellent
detonation
performance
(detonation
velocities
7.66-9.09
km
s-1
pressures
25.0-37.7
GPa).
From
application
perspective,
parameters
exceed
those
benchmark
explosive
RDX,
combination
acceptable
friction
sensitivity
azo(1,2,4-triazolylfuroxan)
make
it
promising
potential
alternative
PETN.
