Electrocatalysis as an enabling technology for organic synthesis

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(14), P. 7941 - 8002

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Electrochemistry has recently gained increased attention as a versatile strategy for achieving challenging transformations at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry. Electrochemistry's unique ability to generate highly reactive radical and ion intermediates in controlled fashion under mild conditions inspired development number new electrochemical methodologies preparation valuable chemical motifs. Particularly, recent developments electrosynthesis have featured an use redox-active electrocatalysts further enhance control over selective formation downstream reactivity these intermediates. Furthermore, electrocatalytic mediators enable proceed manner that is mechanistically distinct from purely methods, allowing subversion kinetic thermodynamic obstacles encountered conventional synthesis. This review highlights key innovations within past decade area electrocatalysis, with emphasis on mechanisms catalyst design principles underpinning advancements. A host oxidative reductive are discussed grouped according classification transformation nature electrocatalyst.

Language: Английский

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Organic Electrochemistry: Molecular Syntheses with Potential

ACS Central Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 415 - 431

Published: March 9, 2021

Efficient and selective molecular syntheses are paramount to

Language: Английский

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Electrode Materials in Modern Organic Electrochemistry

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 59(43), P. 18866 - 18884

Published: July 7, 2020

The choice of electrode material is critical for achieving optimal yields and selectivity in synthetic organic electrochemistry. imparts significant influence on the kinetics thermodynamics electron transfer, frequently defines success or failure a transformation. Electrode processes are complex so often empirical underlying mechanisms rationale unknown. In this review, we aim to highlight recent instances where offered, which should aid future reaction development.

Language: Английский

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Powering the Future: How Can Electrochemistry Make a Difference in Organic Synthesis?

Chem, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(10), P. 2484 - 2496

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(2), P. 2487 - 2649

Published: Nov. 9, 2021

Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do and catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) enable bond formations not constrained by rules ionic 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they 1e mechanisms capable bypassing electronic steric limitations protecting group requirements, thus enabling chemists disconnect molecules in new different ways. However, while providing similar intermediates, differ several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key designing transformations forging disconnections. This review aims highlight these similarities between comparing their underlying principles describing impact electrochemical photochemical methods.

Language: Английский

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Reversible ketone hydrogenation and dehydrogenation for aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6544), P. 836 - 840

Published: May 21, 2021

Engineering suitable redox molecules In a flow battery, catholyte and anolyte are stored in separate tanks, pumps used to circulate the fluids into stack with electrodes separated by thin membrane. Such batteries ideal for large-scale grid storage applications; however, currently limited. Feng et al. “molecular engineering” modify an inexpensive precursor (9-fluorenone) as basis organic-based battery (see Perspective Hu Liu). The authors tested series of variant which reactions involve reversible ketone hydrogenation dehydrogenation aqueous electrolyte. These have advantageous features, including two-electron operation air at elevated temperatures (50°C), that more real-world applications. Science , abd9795, this issue p. 836 ; see also abi5911, 788

Language: Английский

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Reproducibility in Electroorganic Synthesis—Myths and Misunderstandings

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 60(27), P. 14750 - 14759

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

The use of electric current as a traceless activator and reagent is experiencing renaissance. This sustainable synthetic method evolving into hot topic in contemporary organic chemistry. Since researchers with various scientific backgrounds are entering this interdisciplinary field, different parameters methods reported to describe the experiments. variation can lead problems reproducibility electroorganic syntheses. As an example, such density or electrode distance some cases more significant than often anticipated. Minireview provides guidelines on reporting electrosynthetic data dispels myths about technique, thereby streamlining experimental facilitate reproducibility.

Language: Английский

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Electrochemical C–N coupling of CO₂and nitrogenous small molecules for the electrosynthesis of organonitrogen compounds

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 2193 - 2237

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Electrochemical C–N coupling reaction by renewable electricity for the electrosynthesis of organonitrogen compounds with abundant CO 2 and nitrogenous small molecules as carbon nitrogen sources, respectively, is a promising sustainable synthetic strategy.

Language: Английский

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Multicomponent reactions and photo/electrochemistry join forces: atom economy meets energy efficiency

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51(6), P. 2313 - 2382

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been regarded as an extremely powerful tool in organic chemistry, bringing the spotlight back to radical processes. The versatility of photocatalyzed reactions already demonstrated be effective providing alternative routes for cross-coupling well multicomponent reactions. photocatalyst allows generation high-energy intermediates through light irradiation rather than using highly reactive reagents or harsh reaction conditions. In a similar vein, electrochemistry experienced fruitful renaissance generating without need any catalyst. Such milder approaches pose basis toward higher selectivity and broader applicability. electrochemical reactions, species acts starter cascade events. This diverse reactivity use is usually not covered by classical methods. Owing availability cheaper more standardized photo- reactors, easily scalable flow-setups, it surprising that these two fields have become areas increased research interest. Keeping view, this review aimed at overview synthetic design MCRs involving and/or activation crucial step with particular focus on choice difunctionalized reagent.

Language: Английский

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Electrochemical generation of nitrogen-centered radicals for organic synthesis

Green Synthesis and Catalysis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 165 - 178

Published: March 29, 2021

There is a resurgence of interests in organic electrochemistry, which generally accepted as green synthetic tool. In this context, many electrochemical methods have been developed the past decade to access various nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) from readily available precursors controlled fashion, enabling rapid development NCR-mediated new reactions for construction nitrogen-containing compounds. review, recent advances chemistry electrochemically generated NCRs are critically highlighted, based on strategies their formation and types NCRs. Focus put mechanism generation different applications.

Language: Английский

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