Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2350 - 2387

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Language: Английский

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Oligomerized Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(46)

Published: July 12, 2023

Abstract Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted wide research attention in the past decades. Very recently, oligomerized fused‐ring electron acceptors (OFREAs) emerged as a promising alternative to small‐molecular/polymeric acceptor‐based OSCs due their unique advantages such well‐defined structures, batch reproducibility, good film formation, low diffusion coefficient, and excellent stability. So far, rapid advances been made development of OFREAs consisting directly/rigidly/flexibly linked oligomers fused ones. In this Minireview, we systematically summarized recent progress OFREAs, including structural diversity, synthesis approach, molecular conformation packing, long‐term Finally, conclude with future perspectives on challenges be addressed potential directions. We believe that Minireview will encourage novel for OSC applications.

Language: Английский

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Ductile Oligomeric Acceptor‐Modified Flexible Organic Solar Cells Show Excellent Mechanical Robustness and Near 18% Efficiency

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(44)

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical robustness are key requirements for wearable applications of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, almost all highly efficient photoactive films comprising polymer donors (PD ) small molecule acceptors (SMAs) mechanically brittle. In this study, (PCE = 17.91%) robust (crack-onset strain [COS] 11.7%) flexible OSCs fabricated by incorporating a ductile oligomeric acceptor (DOA) into the PD :SMA system, representing most to date. The photophysical, mechanical, photovoltaic properties D18:N3 with different DOAs characterized. By introducing DOA DOY-C4 longer alkyl linker lower polymerization, D18:N3:DOY-C4-based exhibit significantly higher PCE (17.91%) 50% COS (11.7%) than D18:N3-based device 17.06%, 7.8%). based on D18:N3:DOY-C4 retain 98% initial after 2000 consecutive bending cycles, showing greater stability reference (maintaining 89% PCE). After careful investigation, it is hypothesized that enhancement in mainly due formation tie chains or entanglement ternary blend films. These results demonstrate have great potential achieving high-performance OSCs.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Intermolecular Interactions between Halogenated Volatile Solid Additives and the Nonfullerene Acceptor in Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(50)

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Abstract The halogenated volatile solid additives can delicately optimize the active layer morphology of organic solar cells, improving devices' performance, stability, and reproducibility. However, what type intermolecular interaction occurs between whether truly impacts donor or acceptor remains debatable. Herein, focus is on with conjugated benzene rings their influence composed PM6:Y6 as they evaporated. absorbance spectra exhibit apparent red‐shift features in Y6 absorption regions, while part unaffected. theoretical calculation results reveal that stay two molecules form halogen bonds, affecting π–π aggregation properties Y6. As a result, crystalline are altered, leading to increased charge carrier mobilities, extended diffusion lengths, reduced bimolecular recombination, thus device performance. Especially when 1,3,5‐tri bromobenzene used, champion power conversion efficiency 17.9% attained, among best‐performed cells comprising PM6:Y6. findings shed light experimental guidelines for designing developing highly efficient nonfullerene cells.

Language: Английский

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Solid Additive‐Assisted Selective Optimization Strategy for Sequential Deposited Active Layers to Construct 19.16% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(13)

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Abstract Volatile solid (VS)‐additives are regarded as an effective tool to manipulate morphology of sequential deposited (SD) active layers for improving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) organic solar cells (OSCs), while the independent effect VS‐additives on donor and acceptor is often overlooked. Herein, a new VS‐additive named 2‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)benzo[ b ]thiophene (BTO) synthesized applied in SD binary PM6/L8‐BO layers. Introducing it into bottom PM6 layer (PM6 + ), BTO has low volatility longer volatilization distance, which prolongs interaction time between L8‐BO /L8‐BO film, leading over‐aggregated L8‐BO. While inserting top (L8‐BO fast evaporation excellent dipole help enhance molecular absorption, crystallinity, ordered packing system. Therefore, optimized with proper phase separation achieved increase exciton dissociation charge transfer properties, restrain recombination energy loss OSCs, yielding impressive PCE over 19%. Furtherly, using D18 instead PM6, SD‐systems offer record‐high 19.16%. The developed selective optimization strategy provides deep insight working mechanism boosting OSCs.

Language: Английский

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Modular‐Approach Synthesis of Giant Molecule Acceptors via Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation for Stable Polymer Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(35)

Published: June 16, 2023

The operational stability of polymer solar cells is a critical concern with respect to the thermodynamic relaxation acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) or A-DA'D-A structured small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) within their blends donors. Giant molecule (GMAs) bearing SMAs as subunits offer solution this issue, while classical synthesis via Stille coupling suffers from low reaction efficiency and difficulty in obtaining mono-brominated SMA, rendering approach impractical for large-scale low-cost preparation. In study, we present simple cost-effective challenge through Lewis acid-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation boron trifluoride etherate (BF3 ⋅ OEt2 ) catalyst. We demonstrated that monoaldehyde-terminated A-D-CHO unit methylene-based A-link-A (or its silyl enol ether counterpart) substrates can be quantitatively achieved 30 minutes presence acetic anhydride, affording variety GMAs connected flexible conjugated linkers. photophysical properties was fully studied, yielding high device over 18 %. Our findings promising alternative modular yields, easier work up, widespread application such methodology will undoubtedly accelerate progress stable cells.

Language: Английский

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Terminally Chlorinated and Thiophene‐linked Acceptor‐Donor‐Acceptor Structured 3D Acceptors with Versatile Processability for High‐efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(38)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Abstract To exploit the potential of our newly developed three‐dimensional (3D) dimerized acceptors, a series chlorinated 3D acceptors (namely CH8‐3/4/5) were reported by precisely tuning position chlorine (Cl) atom. The introduction Cl atom in central unit affects molecular conformation. Whereas, replacing fluorinated terminal groups (CH8‐3) with (CH8‐4 and CH8‐5), red‐shift absorption enhanced crystallization are achieved. Benefiting from these, all devices received promising power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 16 % as well decent thermal/photo‐stabilities. Among them, PM6:CH8‐4 based device yielded best PCE 17.58 %. Besides, merits multi alkyl chains enable their versatile processability during preparation. Impressive PCEs 17.27 16.23 could be achieved for non‐halogen solvent processable prepared glovebox ambient, respectively. 2.88 cm 2 modules also obtained 13 via spin‐coating blade‐coating methods, These results among performance acceptors. CH8‐4 on small‐area devices, solvent‐processed highlights processing capability applications future.

Language: Английский

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Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(9), P. 4674 - 4706

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review summarizes the recent progress, key design principles and prospects of dimer multimer acceptors for developing polymer solar cells (PSCs) with high efficiency long-term stability.

Language: Английский

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Strengthening the Hetero‐Molecular Interactions in Giant Dimeric Acceptors Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(4)

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Abstract Giant dimeric acceptor (G‐Dimer) is becoming one of the most promising organic solar cell (OSC) materials because its definite structure, long‐term stability, and high efficiency. Strengthening hetero‐molecular interactions by monomer modification greatly influences morphology thus device performance, but lacks investigation. Herein, two novel quinoxaline core‐based G‐Dimers, Dimer‐QX Dimer‐2CF, are synthesized. By comparing trifluoromethyl‐substituted Dimer‐2CF non‐substituted Dimer‐QX, trifluoromethylation effect on G‐Dimer investigated revealed. The trifluoromethyl with strong electronegativity increases electrostatic potential reduces surface energy G‐Dimer, weakening homo‐molecular ordered packing reinforcing interaction donor. suppresses fast assembly during film formation, facilitating small domains molecular in blend, which a trade‐off conventional control. Together favorable vertical phase separation, efficient charge generation, reduced bimolecular recombination concurrently obtained. Hence, Dimer‐2CF‐based OSCs obtain cutting‐edge efficiency 19.02% fill factor surpassing 80%, an averaged extrapolated T 80 ≈12 000 h under continuous °C heating. This study emphasizes importance strategy, providing facile strategy for designing highly stable OSC materials.

Language: Английский

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Non‐Fully Conjugated Dimerized Giant Acceptors with Different Alkyl‐Linked Sites for Stable and 19.13 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(14)

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Abstract Achieving both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability is a major challenge for the practical development of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, three non‐fully conjugated dimerized giant acceptors (named 2Y‐sites, including wing‐site‐linked 2Y‐wing, core‐site‐linked 2Y‐core, end‐site‐linked 2Y‐end) are developed. They share similar monomer precursors but have different alkyl‐linked sites, offering fine‐tuned molecular absorption, packing, glass transition temperature, carrier mobility. Among their binary active layers, D18/2Y‐wing has better miscibility, leading to optimized morphology more efficient charge transfer compared D18/2Y‐core D18/2Y‐end. Therefore, D18/2Y‐wing‐based OSCs achieve superior PCE 17.73 %, attributed enhanced photocurrent fill factor. Furthermore, exhibit balance improved stability, distinguishing them within 2Y‐sites. Building on success 2Y‐wing in systems, we extend its application ternary by pairing it with near‐infrared absorbing D18/BS3TSe‐4F host. Thanks complementary absorption 300–970 nm further morphology, obtain higher 19.13 setting new benchmark dimer‐derived OSCs. This approach site engineering constructing presents promising pathway improve

Language: Английский

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