Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management

BMJ, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. n1648 - n1648

Published: July 26, 2021

Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, covid-19 has spread and had a profound effect on the lives health of people around globe. As 4 July 2021, more than 183 million confirmed cases been recorded worldwide, 3.97 deaths. Recent evidence shown that range persistent symptoms can remain long after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, this condition is now coined covid by recognized research institutes. Studies have affect whole spectrum with covid-19, from those very mild disease to most severe forms. Like involve multiple organs many systems including, but not limited to, respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal systems. The include fatigue, dyspnea, cardiac abnormalities, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, post-traumatic stress disorder, muscle pain, concentration problems, headache. This review summarizes studies term effects hospitalized non-hospitalized patients describes they endure. Risk factors for possible therapeutic options are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: A meta-analysis

Journal of the Neurological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 434, P. 120162 - 120162

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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The role of plant‐derived natural antioxidants in reduction of oxidative stress

BioFactors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(3), P. 611 - 633

Published: March 1, 2022

Abstract Free radicals are a group of damaging molecules produced during the normal metabolism cells in human body. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, and other environmental pollutants enhances free The destructive effects may also cause harm membranes, enzymes, DNA, leading several diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, malaria, coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative illnesses. This process occurs when there is an imbalance between antioxidant defenses. Since antioxidants scavenge repair damaged cells, increasing consumption fruits vegetables containing high values recommended slow down oxidative stress Additionally, natural products demonstrated wide range biological impacts anti‐inflammatory, anti‐aging, anti‐atherosclerosis, anti‐cancer properties. Hence, this review article, our goal explore role therapeutic reduce diseases.

Language: Английский

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An update on drugs with therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment

Drug Resistance Updates, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 100794 - 100794

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Long COVID syndrome‐associated brain fog

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 94(3), P. 979 - 984

Published: Oct. 21, 2021

We investigated the frequency of brain fog in a large cohort patients with documented coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) who have survived illness. also scrutinized potential risk factors associated development fog. Adult (18-55 years age), were referred to healthcare facilities anywhere Fars province from February 19, 2020 November 20, included. All had confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. In phone call, at least 3 months after their discharge hospital, we obtained current information. A questionnaire was specifically designed for data collection. total, 2696 inclusion criteria; 1680 (62.3%) people reported long COVID syndrome (LCS). LCS-associated by 194 (7.2%) patients. Female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4), respiratory problems onset (OR: 1.9), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission 1.7) significantly reporting chronic post-COVID "brain fog" this population-based study, report that has significant associations (female), symptoms onset, severity illness (ICU admission).

Language: Английский

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Mast cell activation symptoms are prevalent in Long-COVID

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 112, P. 217 - 226

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

Hyper-inflammation caused by COVID-19 may be mediated mast cell activation (MCA) which has also been hypothesized to cause Long-COVID (LC) symptoms. We determined prevalence/severity of MCA symptoms in LC.Adults LC-focused Facebook support groups were recruited for online assessment before and after COVID-19. Questions included presence severity known LC validated assessments fatigue quality life. General population controls syndrome (MCAS) patients comparison if they ≥18 years age never had overt symptoms.There 136 subjects (89.7% females, 46.9 ±12.9 years), (65.4% 49.2 ±15.5), 80 MCAS (85.0% 47.7 ±16.4). Pre-COVID-19 virtually identical symptom analysis. Post-COVID-19 prior treatment analysis.MCA increased mimicked the reported who have MCAS. Increased aberrant cells induced SARS-CoV-2 infection various mechanisms underlie part pathophysiology LC, possibly suggesting routes effective therapy.

Language: Английский

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Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome?

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 59(3), P. 1850 - 1861

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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ESCMID rapid guidelines for assessment and management of long COVID

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 955 - 972

Published: Feb. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction: What Do We Know?

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 156 - 156

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or long COVID syndrome, is emerging as a major health issue in patients with previous infection. Symptoms commonly experienced by include fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, and "brain fog". Additionally, symptoms orthostatic intolerance syncope suggest the involvement autonomic nervous system. Signs cardiovascular dysfunction appear to be common PASC are similar those observed postural tachycardia syndrome inappropriate sinus tachycardia. In this review, we report on epidemiology PASC, discuss current evidence possible mechanisms underpinning dysregulation system, nonpharmacological pharmacological interventions treat relieve PASC-associated dysautonomia.

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Oct. 9, 2022

Most COVID-19 patients recovered with low mortality; however, some experienced long-term symptoms described as "long-COVID" or "Post-COVID syndrome" (PCS). Patients may have persisting for weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, including dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, insomnia, cognitive and olfactory disorders. These last months in patients. PCS progress association the development of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), which is a distinct kind disorder, characterized by hyper-activation cells inappropriate excessive release chemical mediators. survivors, mainly women, persistent severe fatigue 10 recovery history neuropsychiatric disorders are more prone to develop PCS. High D-dimer levels blood urea nitrogen were observed be risk factors associated pulmonary dysfunction survivors 3 post-hospital discharge has systemic manifestations that resolve time no further complications. However, final outcomes chiefly unknown. Persistence inflammatory reactions, autoimmune mimicry, reactivation pathogens together host microbiome alterations contribute The deregulated mediators MCAS produces extraordinary during course infection correlated severity Therefore, treated antihistamines, inhibition synthesis mediators, mediator release, degranulation cells.

Language: Английский

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