Risk factors and clinical presentations of long COVID in Africa: A scoping review DOI Creative Commons
Enos Moyo, Munashe Chimene, Perseverance Moyo

et al.

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1982 - 1988

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

COVID-19-related complications can last for years, even in patients who are asymptomatic during the acute phase, a phenomenon referred to as long COVID. This scoping review aimed summarize risk factors and clinical symptoms of COVID Africa between 2020 2022. Five studies were included. Three used this retrospective cross-sectional studies, one was prospective cohort study while another case-control study. The identified several COVID, including being female, older than 40 having more four COVID-19 symptoms, concomitant conditions such asthma, hypertension, depression. General, respiratory, cardiovascular, otolaryngological, gastrointestinal, neurological among reported symptoms. To ensure that with diagnosed treated early, need be different population groups.

Language: Английский

Review of multiple sclerosis: Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment DOI Creative Commons

Maha Haki,

Haeder A. AL-Biati,

Zahraa Salam Al-Tameemi

et al.

Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(8), P. e37297 - e37297

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with demyelination, inflammation, neuronal loss, and gliosis (scarring). Our object to review MS pathophysiology causes treatment. A Narrative Review article was conducted by searching on Google scholar, PubMed, Research Gate about relevant keywords we exclude any unique cases case reports. The destruction of myelinated axons in the central nervous system reserves this brunt. This generated immunogenic T cells that produce cytokines, copying proinflammatory helper cells1-mediated response. Autoreactive cluster differentiation 4 + cells, particularly cells1 subtype, are activated outside after viral infections. T-helper (cluster 4+) leading initiators myelin destruction. treatment plan for individuals includes managing acute episodes, using disease-modifying agents decrease biological function MS, providing symptom relief. Management spasticity requires physiotherapy, prescription initial drugs such as baclofen or gabapentin, secondary drug options tizanidine dantrolene, third-line benzodiazepines. To treat urinary incontinence some include anticholinergic medications oxybutynin hydrochloride, tricyclic antidepressants (such amitriptyline), intermittent self-catheterization. When it comes bowel problems, one can try implement stool softeners consume high roughage diet. takes Pathophysiology examines current strategies, emphasizing advancements therapies symptomatic treatments. comprehensive analysis enhances understanding underscores ongoing need research develop more effective

Language: Английский

Citations

55
Long term outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in post covid condition: longitudinal follow-up of a randomized controlled trial DOI Creative Commons
Amir Hadanny, Shani Zilberman-Itskovich, Merav Catalogna

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Abstract In our previous randomized controlled trial, we documented significant improvements in cognitive, psychiatric, fatigue, sleep, and pain symptoms among long Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) patients who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate enduring 1 year term effects HBOT on COVID syndrome. This longitudinal long-term follow-up included 31 with reported post COVID-19 cognitive symptoms, 40 daily sessions HBOT. Participants were recruited more than one (486 ± 73) after completion last session. Quality life, assessed using short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire revealed, that results exhibited a similar magnitude improvement as short-term outcomes following across most domains. Regarding sleep quality, observed global score five domains effect sizes moderate during evaluation, these persisted assessment (effect size (ES1) = 0.47–0.79). realm neuropsychiatric evaluated by brief symptom inventory-18 (BSI-18), demonstrated large size, this at evaluation. Both severity (ES1 0.69) interference 0.83), had HBOT, which term. indicate can improve quality psychiatric suffering from COVID. clinical gained are persistent even

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Characterization of post-COVID syndromes by symptom cluster and time period up to 12 months post-infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Paul Kuodi, Yanay Gorelik,

Blessing Gausi

et al.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 1 - 7

Published: May 6, 2023

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to characterize post-COVID condition symptoms and symptom clusters, their duration, prevalence.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review random-effects meta-analysis studies reporting post-COVID-19 respectively. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Mednar for literature on the up August 2022.ResultsIn 76 included studies, we found that although most were reported less frequently 7-12 months after infection compared earlier, over 20% patients at least one condition-compatible symptom. In seven neurological clustering consistently identified, followed by cardiorespiratory systemic/inflammatory.ConclusionPost-COVID provides direction research into etiology, diagnosis, management conditions. Studies clusters remain rare due focus individual reporting. should replace accelerate our understanding emerging public health issue.

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease DOI Creative Commons

Kottarappat N. Dileepan,

Vineesh V. Raveendran, Rishi Sharma

et al.

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well anti-inflammatory roles in complex process regulation health disease. Because their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity adaptability to microenvironment, ability release a variety preformed newly synthesized effector molecules, mast unique functions almost all organs. Additionally, express wide range surface cytoplasmic receptors which enable them respond cytokines, chemicals, pathogens. The cell’s role cellular interface between external internal environments vasculature tissues is critical for protection repair. cell interactions with different nonimmune through secreted inflammatory mediators may also turn favor disease promoting agents. First forefront, recognized multifaceted allergic diseases. Reciprocal communication endothelial presence bacterial toxins chronic/sub-clinical infections induce persistent vascular inflammation. We have shown that proteases histamine responses synergistically amplified by toxins. been exacerbate changes normal states chronic or subclinical infections, particularly among cigarette smokers. Furthermore, potential SARS-CoV-2-induced dysfunction capillary-alveolar adds growing understanding viral infections. interaction microglial brain further highlights significance neuroinflammation. This review significant acts sensor early responder systemic organs nervous system.

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Post-COVID Syndrome in Adults—An Overview DOI Creative Commons
Rüdiger E. Scharf, Juan‐Manuel Anaya

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 675 - 675

Published: March 4, 2023

This article provides an overview of various aspects related to post-COVID syndrome. Apart from its prevalence, symptoms and sequelae, risk determinants, psychosocial implications, the pathogenesis condition is discussed in more detail. A focus on thrombo-inflammation SARS-CoV-2 infection, role neutrophil extracellular traps, prevalence venous thromboembolism made. Moreover, COVID-19 syndrome immunocompromising conditions, impact vaccination prevention treatment are reviewed. Autoimmunity a hallmark syndrome, and, therefore, another this article. Thus, misdirected cellular humoral immune responses can enhance latent autoimmunity Facing high cases worldwide, it be assumed that autoimmune disorders will increase globally over next few years. Recent advances identifying genetically determined variants may open avenue for better understanding susceptibility severity infection

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Long COVID-19 Pathophysiology: What Do We Know So Far? DOI Creative Commons
Nikolaos Tziolos, Πέτρος Ιωάννου, Stella Baliou

et al.

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2458 - 2458

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

Long COVID-19 is a recognized entity that affects millions of people worldwide. Its broad clinical symptoms include thrombotic events, brain fog, myocarditis, shortness breath, fatigue, muscle pains, and others. Due to the binding virus with ACE-2 receptors, expressed in many organs, it can potentially affect any system; however, most often cardiovascular, central nervous, respiratory, immune systems. Age, high body mass index, female sex, previous hospitalization, smoking are some its risk factors. Despite great efforts define pathophysiology, gaps remain be explained. The main mechanisms described literature involve viral persistence, hypercoagulopathy, dysregulation, autoimmunity, hyperinflammation, or combination these. exact may differ from system system, but share same pathways. This review aims describe prevalent pathophysiological pathways explaining this syndrome.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID after mild disease: A cohort study with a symptomatic control group DOI Creative Commons

Ana B Cazé,

Thiago Cerqueira‐Silva, Adriele Pinheiro Bomfim

et al.

Journal of Global Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 11, 2023

There is limited data on the prevalence and risk factors for long COVID few prospective studies with appropriate control groups adequate sample sizes. We performed a study to determine COVID.We recruited individuals aged ≥15 years who were clinically suspected of having an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection from September 2020 April 2021. collected nasopharyngeal swabs three five days following symptom onset analysing using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). also clinical sociodemographic characteristics both positive negative participants structured questionnaires. followed-up via telephone interview assess early outcomes persistent symptoms. For COVID-19 cases, 5D-3L EuroQol questionnaire was used impact symptoms quality life.We followed 814 (412 402 persons). Most (n = 741/814) had mild Both similar characteristics, except hospitalization rate (15.8% in vs 1.5% group). One month after disease onset, 122/412 (29.6%) (long COVID) 24 (6%) group reported residual In group, fatigue, olfactory disorder, myalgia most frequent phase. Compared recovered individuals, older age more than during phase COVID. Quality life evaluated 102 out 122 cases COVID, 57 (55.9%) reporting at least one dimension European Life 5 Dimensions 3 Level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire.In this consisting predominantly disease, persistence respiratory illness associated diagnosis COVID-19. Polysymptomatic

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Neprilysin inhibitors and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A future perspective DOI Creative Commons

Naif H. Ali,

Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy, Ali I. Al‐Gareeb

et al.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(2)

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative with multifaceted neuropathological disorders. AD characterized by intracellular accumulation of phosphorylated tau proteins and extracellular deposition amyloid beta (Aβ). Various protease enzymes, including neprilysin (NEP), are concerned the degradation clearance Aβ. Indeed, defective neuronal pathway due to dysfunction enzymes might be possible mechanism for Aβ subsequent progression neuropathology. NEP one most imperative metalloproteinase involved in This review aimed highlight role inhibitors AD. The combination sacubitril valsartan which called angiotensin receptor blocker inhibitor (ARNI) may produce beneficial deleterious effects on increase risk inhibition clearance, brain bradykinin (BK) natriuretic peptides (NPs), augment pathogenesis These verdicts come from animal model studies, though they not applied humans. However, clinical studies revealed promising safety findings regarding use ARNI. Moreover, increases various neuroprotective inflammation, glucose homeostasis nerve conduction. Also, inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) expression, ameliorating insulin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels. proposed that have protective effect against development increasing GLP-1, neuropeptide Y (NPY) substance P, BK. Preclinical recommended this regard.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Post COVID-19 condition imposes significant burden in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: A nested case-control study DOI Creative Commons
Pim Bouwmans, S. Reshwan K. Malahe, A. Lianne Messchendorp

et al.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 106990 - 106990

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Role of fenofibrate in multiple sclerosis DOI Creative Commons
Ahmad Abulaban, Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy, Ali I. Al‐Gareeb

et al.

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent inflammatory and demyelinating disease of central nervous system (CNS). The underlying pathophysiology MS destruction myelin sheath by immune cells. formation plaques, inflammation, injury neuronal characterizes its neuropathology. plaques are multiple focal regions demyelination disseminated in brain's white matter, spinal cords, deep grey cerebral cortex. Fenofibrate a peroxisome proliferative activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) that attenuates reactions MS. inhibits differentiation Th17 inhibiting expression pro-inflammatory signaling. According to these findings, this review intended illuminate mechanistic immunoinflammatory role fenofibrate mitigating In conclusion, can attenuate neuropathology modulating different pathways, including oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory-signaling neuroinflammation.

Language: Английский

Citations

9