Lithium Ions as Modulators of Complex Biological Processes: The Conundrum of Multiple Targets, Responsiveness and Non-Responsiveness, and the Potential to Prevent or Correct Dysregulation of Systems during Aging and in Disease DOI Creative Commons
David A. Hart

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 905 - 905

Published: July 25, 2024

Lithium is one of the lightest elements on Earth and it has been in environment since formation galaxy. While a common element, not found to be an essential element biological processes, ranging from single cell organisms Homo sapiens. Instead, at early stage evolution, committed range such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron serve functions. Such ions critical functions ion channels, co-factors enzymes, cofactor oxygen transport, DNA replication, storage molecule bone liver, variety other roles processes. seemingly excluded major role lithium appear able modulate processes “correct” deviation normal activity, deficiency can have consequences. salts are low levels many foods water supplies, but effectiveness Li affect systems came recent prominence with work Cade, who reported that administrating calmed guinea pigs was subsequently effective relatively high doses “normalize” subset patients bipolar disorders. Because its ability pathways (e.g., cyclic AMP, GSK-3beta, inositol metabolism, NaK ATPases, neuro centers, immune-related events, respectively) both vitro vivo during development adult life, become useful tool better understand molecular regulation also provide insights into altered aging disease states. targets for action supports possible modulator dysregulation, presents conundrum researchers attempting elucidate specific primary target different tissues vivo. This review will discuss aspects state knowledge regarding some influenced, focusing those involving neural autoimmunity examples, mechanisms involved, examples how used study model systems, well suggesting areas where use could lead additional natural levels. In addition, caveats used, strengths weaknesses rodent models, background genetics strain mice or rats employed, sex animals cells discussed. Low-dose may excellent potential, alone combination interventions prevent alleviate aging-associated conditions progression.

Language: Английский

Lithium Ions as Modulators of Complex Biological Processes: The Conundrum of Multiple Targets, Responsiveness and Non-Responsiveness, and the Potential to Prevent or Correct Dysregulation of Systems during Aging and in Disease DOI Creative Commons
David A. Hart

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 905 - 905

Published: July 25, 2024

Lithium is one of the lightest elements on Earth and it has been in environment since formation galaxy. While a common element, not found to be an essential element biological processes, ranging from single cell organisms Homo sapiens. Instead, at early stage evolution, committed range such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron serve functions. Such ions critical functions ion channels, co-factors enzymes, cofactor oxygen transport, DNA replication, storage molecule bone liver, variety other roles processes. seemingly excluded major role lithium appear able modulate processes “correct” deviation normal activity, deficiency can have consequences. salts are low levels many foods water supplies, but effectiveness Li affect systems came recent prominence with work Cade, who reported that administrating calmed guinea pigs was subsequently effective relatively high doses “normalize” subset patients bipolar disorders. Because its ability pathways (e.g., cyclic AMP, GSK-3beta, inositol metabolism, NaK ATPases, neuro centers, immune-related events, respectively) both vitro vivo during development adult life, become useful tool better understand molecular regulation also provide insights into altered aging disease states. targets for action supports possible modulator dysregulation, presents conundrum researchers attempting elucidate specific primary target different tissues vivo. This review will discuss aspects state knowledge regarding some influenced, focusing those involving neural autoimmunity examples, mechanisms involved, examples how used study model systems, well suggesting areas where use could lead additional natural levels. In addition, caveats used, strengths weaknesses rodent models, background genetics strain mice or rats employed, sex animals cells discussed. Low-dose may excellent potential, alone combination interventions prevent alleviate aging-associated conditions progression.

Language: Английский

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