Nanotechnology in Gene Editing: Pioneering CRISPR‐Cas Delivery Systems to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance

Advanced Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract The rise of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, driven by antibiotic misuse, is a major global health threat. Addressing this issue requires understanding resistance mechanisms and developing innovative solutions. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)‐associated systems (Cas), genome‐editing tool derived from prokaryotic defense mechanisms, offers precise targeting genes. By reprogramming CRISPR‐Cas, bacteria can be killed or resensitized to antibiotics through plasmid curing. However, clinical applications face challenges, particularly in delivering CRISPR‐Cas components effectively. Nanotechnology has emerged as promising approach for targeted delivery tissues cells. This paper explores the molecular resistance, emphasizing structure function their mechanisms. It highlights use nanoparticles (NPs) nanoscale carriers deliver components, reviewing recent studies that combine NPs CRISPR target Additionally, discusses current challenges future prospects field, underscoring potential nanotechnology combat resistance.

Language: Английский

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ESBL plasmid compatibility with the surrounding microbial community influences ESBL gene survival under CRISPR-antimicrobial targeting

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2025

Abstract Bacteria often acquire resistance against antibiotics through the transfer of conjugative plasmids. Hence, it is vital to develop strategies mitigate dispersal antimicrobial (AMR). CRISPR-based tools offer a sequence-specific solution diminish and restrict dissemination genes among bacteria. CRICON (CRISPR via conjugation) an CRISPR tool that has been shown efficiently reduce multi-resistance when targeting ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase) harboring However, conjugatively delivered genetic elements may be subjected bacterial defense, lead development, revert efficiency tools. Here, we studied evolutionary consequences four ESBL-harboring Escherichia coli strains targeted by in 10-day multispecies microcosm experiment. We show reduces prevalence within community, while final persistence depends on initial community composition. observed unexpected survival strategy ESBL-plasmid escaping into more competitive host species. Further, development partial CRISPR-antimicrobials during Our results underline importance ecological factors communities, as they disrupt effective use undesired outcomes therapies plasmid-bearing multi-resistant

Language: Английский

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In vivo immunogenicity assessment of a multiepitope‐displayed phage vaccine against Brucella species infection in BALB/c mice

Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2025

Abstract Bacteriophages are considered ideal vaccine platforms owing to their safety, intrinsic adjuvant properties, stability, and low‐cost production. One of the best strategies prevent brucellosis in humans animals is vaccination. For several years, researchers have dedicated efforts enhance effectiveness safety Brucella vaccine. This study was designed evaluate immunogenicity a phage displaying multiepitopes from six different protective proteins mouse model. used immunoinformatics predict T‐ B‐cell epitopes. Subsequently, multiepitope protein synthesized recombinant phages were prepared. The display on confirmed by Western blot analysis. Six groups BALB/c mice (6 per group) received (as vaccine), helper phage, PBS as controls subcutaneously or orally. An ELISA assay analyze humoral response serum, while an interferon‐gamma ELISpot performed splenocytes cell‐mediated immune response. Mice immunized with showed significant serum levels specific IgG numbers IFN‐producing T cells splenic lymphocytes ( p ‐value <0.05). oral administration route provided much stronger cellular than subcutaneous injection (about 10‐fold), which important for combating infection. These findings provide first evidence that multiepitope‐displayed may be promising avenue developing safe efficient against species.

Language: Английский

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On the ever‐growing functional versatility of the CRISPR‐Cas13 system

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

CRISPR-Cas systems evolved in prokaryotes to implement a powerful antiviral immune response as result of sequence-specific targeting by ribonucleoproteins. One such consists an RNA-guided RNA endonuclease, known CRISPR-Cas13. In very recent years, this system is being repurposed different ways order decipher and engineer gene expression programmes. Here, we discuss the functional versatility CRISPR-Cas13 system, which includes ability for silencing, editing, tracking, nucleic acid detection translation regulation. This palette makes relevant tool broad field synthetic biology.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial Resistance: Techniques to Fight AMR in Bacteria – A Review

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 16 - 28

Published: March 1, 2024

Antimicrobials or antibiotics were the important revelations of last century, however, it came along with a silent curse that people care less to talk about. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which emerged alongside in century has been significant concern for scientists and policymakers. Since their discovery, noted widespread use is primary cause bacteria developing antimicrobial drug resistance. Despite recognition this issue, challenging curtail because they are essential treating various infections. Paradoxically, necessity using these drugs becomes an inadvertent advantage evolve mechanisms. This dilemma creates seeming stalemate our battle against tiny microorganisms. Delaying action could have dire consequences, potentially leading emergence stronger superbugs pose serious threat entire human population. The recent COVID-19 pandemic serves as stark reminder devastating impact small microbe can on global health. paper delves into mechanisms bacteria, evolution innovative techniques employed by combat challenges. Taking proactive steps crucial avoid future where we at mercy increasingly resilient microbes.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR-Cas System, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Enterococcus Genus—A Complicated Relationship

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1625 - 1625

Published: July 22, 2024

(1) Background: The rise in antibiotic resistant bacteria poses a significant threat to public health worldwide, necessitating innovative solutions. This study explores the role of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) context resistance among different species from

Language: Английский

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Advancing Phage Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of the Safety, Efficacy, and Future Prospects for the Targeted Treatment of Bacterial Infections

Infectious Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 1127 - 1181

Published: Nov. 28, 2024

Background: Phage therapy, a treatment utilizing bacteriophages to combat bacterial infections, is gaining attention as promising alternative antibiotics, particularly for managing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aims provide comprehensive review of phage therapy by examining its safety, efficacy, influencing factors, future prospects, and regulatory considerations. The also seeks identify strategies optimizing application propose systematic framework clinical implementation. Methods: A analysis preclinical studies, trials, frameworks was undertaken evaluate the therapeutic potential therapy. included an in-depth assessment key factors outcomes, such infection site, phage–host specificity, burden, immune response. Additionally, innovative strategies—such combination therapies, bioengineered phages, cocktails—were explored enhance efficacy. Critical considerations related dosing, including inoculum size, multiplicity infection, windows, personalized medicine approaches, were examined optimize outcomes. Results: has demonstrated favorable safety profile in both settings, with minimal adverse effects. Its ability specifically target harmful bacteria while preserving beneficial microbiota underpins efficacy treating range infections. However, variable outcomes some studies highlight importance addressing critical that influence success. Innovative expanded access diverse banks, cocktails, medicine, hold significant promise improving Optimizing dosing remains area enhancement, kinetics, resistance potential, frequency, patient-specific factors. To support streamlined four-step guideline been developed, providing effective planning Conclusion: offers highly adaptable, targeted, cost-effective approach While several must be thoroughly evaluated there improvement through refined methodologies. Although yet achieve widespread approval U.S. Europe, accessibility Expanded Access programs FDA authorizations food pathogen control underscores promise. Established practices countries Poland Georgia further demonstrate feasibility. enable broader adoption, harmonization advancements production, delivery, quality will essential. Notably, affordability scalability position it especially valuable solution developing regions grappling escalating rates antibiotic resistance.

Language: Английский

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Bacteriophage-Based Therapies in Oral Cancer: A New Frontier in Oncology

Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Progress of bacteriophage as therapeutic agent against Helicobacter pylori, especially in India

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(5)

Published: April 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nanofibers: An effective biomedical tool for burn management

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 87, P. 104882 - 104882

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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