Unraveling the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer: a state-of-the-art review

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) not only reflects an individual’s capacity to perform physical activities but also encapsulates broader effects on the basic biology of aging. This review aims summarize evidence influence CRF overall and site-specific cancer risks. It delves into biological mechanisms through which may exert its effects, explores clinical implications these findings, identifies gaps in current base, suggests directions for future research. The synthesis findings reveals that higher levels (general threshold > 7 METs) are consistently associated with a reduced risk range cancers, including head neck, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, particularly pancreatic colorectal, bladder, incidence mortality, potentially stomach liver, bile duct, gall bladder cancers. These inverse associations between do generally differ across age groups, sex, race, or adiposity, suggesting universal protective effect CRF. Nonetheless, linking skin, mouth pharynx, kidney, endometrial cancers is limited inconclusive. Conversely, be linked increased prostate hematological malignancies, such as leukemia myeloma, although still conclusive. appears play significant role reducing several various mechanisms, inflammation reduction, immune system enhancement, hormonal regulation, metabolic improvements. Overall, enhancing regular activity offers vital, accessible strategy extending health span. Future research should aim fill existing regarding specific elucidate detailed dose–response relationships risk. Studies needed causal mechanistic pathways outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Long‐term results of a short‐term home‐based pre‐ and postoperative exercise intervention on physical recovery after colorectal cancer surgery (PHYSSURG‐C): a randomized clinical trial

Colorectal Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 545 - 553

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Abstract Aim The aim of this work was to assess the effect a short‐term, home‐based exercise intervention before and after colorectal cancer surgery on 12‐month physical recovery within previously reported randomized control trial (RCT). Method PHYSSURG‐C is an RCT in six participating hospitals Sweden. Patients aged ≥20 years planned for elective were eligible. consisted unsupervised moderate‐intensity activity 2 weeks preoperatively 4 postoperatively. Usual care control. primary outcome measure self‐assessed predefined long‐term follow‐up outcomes included: 12 months postoperatively reoperations readmissions 91–365 days statistical models adjusted with tumour site (colon or rectum), neoadjuvant therapy (none, radiotherapy chemo/radiotherapy) type (open laparoscopic). Results A total 616 participants available follow‐up. Groups balanced at baseline regarding demographic treatment variables. There no from self‐reported [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.91, p = 0.60], risk reoperation (OR 0.97, 0.91) readmission 0.88, 0.58). Conclusion pre‐ postoperative had surgery. still not enough evidence support clinical guidelines preoperative improve

Language: Английский

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Navigating obesity: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications and management strategies

The Innovation Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 100090 - 100090

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

<p>Obesity, a growing global health crisis, is driven by complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, behavioral, socio-cultural, and economic factors. This comprehensive review encapsulates the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanism, myriad complications it triggers, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, neurological disorders, respiratory ailments, digestive diseases, mobility impairments, psychological stress. The etiology obesity multifaceted, involving genetic predispositions, environmental influences, behavioral tendencies, socio-economic elements. underpinnings encompass multifaceted aspects energy metabolism, including regulation appetite, glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism. also addresses seemingly contradictory roles in various offering insights into these phenomena. management multi-pronged, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, metabolic surgeries. Lifestyle changes are foundational, but advancements molecular techniques, digital technology, wearable devices, artificial intelligence opening new avenues for personalized treatment early intervention. Pharmacological surgery effective should be judiciously tailored to individual patient needs. underscores importance approach management, aiming curb escalating trend enhance future interventions treatments. ultimate goal synthesize current evidence innovative strategies combat effectively.</p>

Language: Английский

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Adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of cancer in late adulthood: A nationwide sibling-controlled cohort study in Sweden

PLoS Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. e1004597 - e1004597

Published: May 8, 2025

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness has been linked to both lower and higher risks of cancer, but the evidence comes from observational analysis which may be influenced by unobserved confounders bias processes. We aimed examine associations between adolescent cardiorespiratory risk cancer in late adulthood while addressing unknown influence familial diagnostic Methods findings conducted a sibling-controlled cohort study with registry linkage based on all Swedish men who participated mandatory military conscription examinations 1972 1995 completed standardized testing. The outcomes were overall diagnosis mortality, 14 site-specific cancers (diagnosis or death), ascertained using National Patient Register Cause Death until 31 December 2023. A total 1,124,049 men, including 477,453 full siblings, mean age 18.3 years at baseline, followed median (maximum) 55.9 (73.5) years, during 98,410 diagnosed 16,789 died (41,293 6,908 among siblings respectively). In analysis, individuals highest quartile had mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67, 0.76; P < 0.001) compared lowest quartile, corresponding cumulative incidence (1-Survival) difference −0.85 (95% CI [−1.00, −0.71]) percentage points 65 age. Individuals also (HRs ranging 0.81 0.49, differences −0.13 −0.32 points; 0.001 for all) rectum, head neck, bladder, stomach, pancreas, colon, kidney, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, esophagus, lung cancer. Yet, prostate (HR: 1.10, [1.05, 1.16]; 0.001, difference: 0.48 points, [0.23, 0.73]) skin (e.g., non-melanoma HR: 1.44, [1.38, 1.50]; 1.84 [1.62, 2.05]). 1.08, [1.06, 1.11]; 1.32 [0.94, 1.70]), results driven being most common types When comparing thereby controlling shared confounders, remained 0.78, [0.68, 0.89]; −0.61 [−0.93, −0.28]), excess 1.01, [0.90, 1.13]; = 0867, 0.05 [−0.50, 0.60]), 1.09, [0.99, 1.20]; 0.097, 0.40 [−0.07, 0.87]), 1.00, [0.95, 1.06]; 0.921, 0.04 [−0.80, 0.88]) attenuated null. For other cancers, sibling comparisons varied, more attenuation melanoma, gallbladder lung, esophagus seemed attenuate less. confirmed through an extensive set sensitivity analyses. main limitations this include lack inclusion female participants, data factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, only adjustment are siblings. Conclusions Higher levels associated adulthood, finding that persisted comparisons. However, confounding appeared vary type pronounced diagnoses than mortality. This suggest need robust causal methods triangulate results, rather relying correlations alone, better inform public health efforts.

Language: Английский

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Cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI measured in youth and 5‐year mortality after site‐specific cancer diagnoses in men—A population‐based cohort study with register linkage

Cancer Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(19), P. 20000 - 20014

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Abstract Background Our aim was to assess associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) in youth 5‐year mortality after site‐specific cancer diagnoses men. Methods Men with from a population who underwent military conscription at ages 16–25 during 1968–2005 Sweden were included. CRF assessed as maximal aerobic workload on cycle ergometer test classified low, moderate, or high. BMI (kg/m 2 ) underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), obesity (>30). Conscription data linked register diagnosis mortality. Analyses included CRF, BMI, date of diagnosis, age, year, center for conscription. Results A total 84,621 cases Mean age 52 years. Follow‐up available mean 6.5 There linear protective any (hazard ratio [HR] high vs. low 0.70), malignant skin (HR 0.80), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma 0.78), the lungs head neck 0.68), pancreas 0.83), stomach liver 0.84), rectum 0.79), bladder 0.71). Overweight and/or associated increased 1.89), 2.03), Hodgkin 2.86) 1.38), thyroid 3.04), 1.53), kidney 1.90), 2.10), prostate 2.44). Conclusion We report dose‐dependent The could be due both inhibition an improved tolerance withstand treatment. These results strengthen incentive public health efforts aimed establishing youth.

Language: Английский

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Research progress on the correlation between obesity and the occurrence and development of kidney cancer: a narrative review

Translational Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 5678 - 5690

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Obesity is an important risk factor for the onset of kidney cancer, and mechanism obesity leading to occurrence development cancer has been further studied confirmed in past decade. The emergence "obesity paradox" phenomenon made correlation between prognosis survival controversial. This review summarizes association based on newly discovered evidence 10 years, order provide reference follow-up research.

Language: Английский

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Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Risk of Colorectal and Prostate Cancer Incidence in Men

Cancer Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(23)

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and risk colorectal prostate cancer men. Methods Data from men who completed a health assessment both military conscription youth an occupational profile (HPA) later life were used. CRF assessed as estimated V̇O 2max , using cycle ergometer test at time points. We linked data national register on incidence, hazard ratios confidence intervals Cox proportional regression. Results 139,764 with mean age 18 (SD 0.6) 43 8.9) HPA included. average two assessments 25.9 9.0) years follow‐up following 10.0 5.6) for cancer. Annual percentage change relative absolute inversely associated ratio 0.83 (95% CI [0.72–0.94]) 0.88 [0.79–0.99]), respectively. These driven by individuals lowest moderate level tertials conscription. Change not incidence risk. Conclusions Changes in, only of, adulthood are related therefore, improving should be considered important reduction strategy.

Language: Английский

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A 5-Year Mortality Prediction Model for Prostate Cancer Patients Based on the Korean Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Database

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1058 - 1058

Published: Oct. 13, 2024

Prostate cancer is the fourth most common and eighth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its incidence increasing in South Korea. This study aimed to investigate a predictive model for 5-year survival probability prostate patients Korean primary care setting.

Language: Английский

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