Fused heterocycle-based energetic materials (2012–2019)

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 4193 - 4216

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Fused heterocycles are unique building blocks for the synthesis of a wide range high-performance energetic materials.

Language: Английский

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Balancing Excellent Performance and High Thermal Stability in a Dinitropyrazole Fused 1,2,3,4-Tetrazine

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 139(39), P. 13684 - 13687

Published: Sept. 14, 2017

The key to successfully designing high-performance and insensitive energetic compounds for practical applications is through adjusting the molecular organization including both fuel oxidizer. Now a superior hydrogen-free 5/6/5 fused ring material, 1,2,9,10-tetranitrodipyrazolo[1,5-d:5',1'-f][1,2,3,4]tetrazine (6) obtained from 4,4',5,5'-tetranitro-2H,2'H-3,3'-bipyrazole (4) by N-amination N-azo coupling reactions described. structures of 5 6 were confirmed single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Compound has remarkable room temperature experimental density 1.955 g cm-3 shows excellent detonation performance. In addition, it high decomposition 233 °C. These fascinating properties, which are comparable those CL-20, make very attractive in performance applications.

Language: Английский

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Azido and Tetrazolo 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazine N‐Oxides

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 56(13), P. 3575 - 3578

Published: Feb. 23, 2017

Abstract This study presents the synthesis and characterization of oxidation products 3,6‐diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine ( 1 ) 6‐amino‐[1,5‐ b ]tetrazolo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine 2 ). 3,6‐Diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐1,4‐dioxide was produced from with peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, more effectively using hypofluorous can be oxidized to two different products, 6‐amino‐[1,5‐b]tetrazolo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine mono‐N‐oxide di‐N‐oxide. These N‐oxide compounds display promising performance properties as energetic materials.

Language: Английский

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Bis(3-nitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methanone: An Applicable and Very Dense Green Oxidizer

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 141(50), P. 19581 - 19584

Published: Nov. 28, 2019

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is most often used as a practical solid rocket propellant because of its excellent performance. However, AP has many shortcomings, including instability, high negative enthalpy formation, and claimed health environmental issues resulting from combustion products. The pursuit highly dense, high-performance, environmentally friendly oxidizers propellants long attracted scientists around the world. In this work, bis(3-nitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methanone (3) was obtained bis(3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methane (1) with chloroacetone followed by nitration. structure 3 confirmed elemental analysis single-crystal X-ray diffraction. By introducing carbonyl moiety, density increased to 1.945 g/cm3 decomposition temperature 164 °C. Compound green energetic oxidizer that positive oxygen balance (+8.7%), specific impulse (218 s), an acceptable sensitivity (9 J, 240 N), making it replacement for in formulations.

Language: Английский

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5,6-Fused bicyclic tetrazolo-pyridazine energetic materials

Chemical Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 56(10), P. 1493 - 1496

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Two 5,6-fused tetrazolo-pyridazine compounds were synthesized and characterized, which exhibited high thermal stability, excellent energetic properties low mechanical sensitivity.

Language: Английский

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[1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine as a building block towards low-sensitivity high-energy materials

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 421, P. 129635 - 129635

Published: April 5, 2021

Language: Английский

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Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties

Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(17)

Published: June 10, 2024

Abstract Zwitterionic compounds are an emergent class of energetic materials and have gained synthetic interest many in the recent years. Due to their better packing efficiencies strong inter/intramolecular electrostatic interactions, they often ensue superior properties than salt analogues. A systematic review from perspective design, synthesis, physicochemical evaluation zwitterionic is presented. Depending on parent ring(s) used for synthesis type moieties bearing positive negative charges, different classes materials, such as primary explosives, secondary heat resistant oxidizers, etc., may result. The some also compared with analogous salts. This will encourage readers explore possibility designing new materials.

Language: Английский

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N-Acetonitrile functionalized 3-nitrotriazole: Precursor to nitrogen rich stable and insensitive energetic materials

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 8 - 16

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

In the field of energetic materials, prime attention has been given to synthesis environmentally compatible materials having an adequate balance between energy and stability. For this purpose, nitrogen-rich heterocyclic rings have contributed as pivotal frameworks. Nitro-functionalized 1,2,4-triazoles profusely used a constituent for synthesizing high-performing (EMs) due their high nitrogen content, good thermal stability, modifiable sites via functionalization. Combination with different scaffold may provide opportunity accessible tailoring. work, in effort investigate potential 3-nitrotriazoles, its N-acetonitrile derivative 2 was synthesized, which further converted various explosophores. N-methylene-C bridged asymmetrically connected tetrazole (3) 1,2,4-oxadiazole (9 10) based EMs synthesized. Further tuning properties salt formation strategy employed compounds 4–7, 11 12. 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based compound 9 also confirmed X-ray diffraction analysis, 10 analyzed 15N NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 3, 4, 5, 7 exhibited stabilities were found be insensitive towards impact friction. 6, detonation performance comparable conventional explosive TATB.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Catalytic Nitrogen–Nitrogen Bond Formation Reactions

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 5735 - 5778

Published: April 1, 2024

The lack of effective strategies for direct construction nitrogen–nitrogen bonds has hampered developments in the synthesis and application molecules containing hydrazine or azo motifs. Attracted by their properties both material science medicinal chemistry, more attention been drawn to this area, resulting fast growth design azaheterocycles substituted hydrazines. This review focuses on efficient catalytic approaches toward formation N–N N═N through different strategies, including oxidative dehydrogenation, nitrene-transfer reaction, reductive coupling, some other recently developed methods.

Language: Английский

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Aminoacetonitrile as precursor for nitrogen rich stable and insensitive asymmetric N-methylene-C linked tetrazole-based energetic compounds

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(32), P. 16767 - 16775

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

This work demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of nitrogen rich stable insensitive N-methylene-C Linked tetrazole-based energetic compounds.

Language: Английский

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