The
combination
of
experimental
data
and
results
DFT
calculations
indicates
that
the
catalytic
activity
chalconium
halonium
salts
serving
as
sigma-hole
donating
organocatalysts
cannot
be
clearly
estimated
via
analysis
electrostatic
potential
on
catalysts’
sigma-holes
values
catalyst•••TS
intermolecular
interactions,
such
polarization
effects,
charge
transfer,
or
covalency
bonding.
Moreover,
real
effect
might
not
correlate
well
with
Gibbs
free
energy
activation
reactions,
because
solvation
effects
other
competitive
binding
processes
play
at
least
an
equal
even
more
important
role
in
catalysis.
It
was
shown
present
work
can
either
lead
to
increase
equilibrium
concentration
reactive
catalyst•••electrophile
associates,
thus
accelerating
reaction,
brings
favorable
generation
catalyst•••nucleophile
species
resulting
suppression
organocatalyst.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
63(31)
Published: May 11, 2024
The
use
of
noncovalent
interactions
based
on
electrophilic
halogen,
chalcogen,
pnictogen,
or
tetrel
centers
in
organocatalysis
has
gained
noticeable
attention.
Herein,
we
provide
an
overview
the
most
important
developments
last
years
with
a
clear
focus
experimental
studies
and
catalysts
which
act
via
such
non-transient
interactions.
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(69)
Published: Sept. 25, 2023
Chalcogen
bonding
(ChB)
is
the
non-covalent
interaction
occurring
between
chalcogen
atoms
as
Lewis
acid
sites
and
or
groups
of
able
to
behave
bases
through
their
lone
pair
π
electrons.
Analogously
its
sister
halogen
bonding,
high
directionality
this
was
implemented
for
precise
structural
organizations
in
solid
state
solution.
Regarding
catalysis,
ChB
now
accepted
a
new
mode
activation
demonstrated
by
increased
number
examples
last
five
years.
In
family
catalysts,
those
based
on
tellurium
rapidly
appeared
overcome
lighter
sulfur
selenium
counterparts.
review,
we
highlight
properties
tellurium-based
derivatives
solution
summarize
start-of-the-art
applications
catalysis.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Herein,
we
describe
a
hexavalent
tellurium-based
chalcogen
bonding
catalysis
platform
capable
of
addressing
reactivity
and
selectivity
issues.
This
research
demonstrates
that
tellurium
salts
can
serve
as
class
highly
active
catalysts
for
the
first
time.
The
centers
in
these
have
only
one
exposed
interaction
site,
thus
providing
favorable
condition
controlling
reaction
selectivity.
advantages
were
demonstrated
by
their
remarkable
catalytic
activity
cyanidation
difluorocyclopropenes
through
C-F
bond
activation,
which
otherwise
low
reactive
under
strong
Lewis
acids
or
inaccessible
representative
divalent/tetravalent
donors.
catalyst
was
further
highlighted
its
capability
to
address
previously
unresolved
problem
associated
with
acid
approach,
upon
using
some
less
silyl
enol
ethers
nucleophiles
functionalization
difluorocyclopropenes.
generality
this
versatile
application
different
systems.
differentiate
two
similar
free
OH
groups
glycosyl
acceptors
achieve
excellent
regio-
stereoselectivity
synthesis
disaccharides,
tetravalent
gave
Mechanistic
investigation
suggests
catalyst-glycosyl
donor-acceptor
ternary
supramolecular
complex
is
operative.
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
30(43)
Published: May 24, 2024
The
ability
of
triaryltelluronium
salts
to
interact
with
N-halosuccinimides
(NXS)
through
chalcogen
bonding
(ChB)
in
the
solid
state
and
solution
is
demonstrated
herein.
Cocrystals
bearing
two
CF
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(49)
Published: June 20, 2023
Benzamide-derived
organochalcogens
(chalcogen=S,
Se,
and
Te)
have
shown
promising
interest
in
biological
synthetic
chemistry.
Ebselen
molecule
derived
from
benzamide
moiety
is
the
most
studied
organoselenium.
However,
its
heavier
congener
organotellurium
under-explored.
Here,
an
efficient
copper-catalyzed
atom
economical
method
has
been
developed
to
synthesize
2-phenyl-benzamide
tellurenyl
iodides
by
inserting
a
tellurium
into
carbon-iodine
bond
of
2-iodobenzamides
one
pot
with
78-95
%
yields.
Further,
Lewis
acidic
nature
Te
center
basic
nitrogen
synthesized
2-Iodo-N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamide
enabled
them
as
pre-catalyst
for
activation
epoxide
CO2
at
1
atm
preparation
cyclic
carbonates
TOF
TON
values
1447
h-1
4343,
respectively,
under
solvent-free
conditions.
In
addition,
2-iodo-N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamide
also
used
activating
anilines
form
variety
1,3-diaryl
ureas
up
95
yield.
The
mechanistic
investigation
mitigation
done
125
NMR
HRMS
studies.
It
seems
that
reaction
proceeds
via
formation
catalytically
active
Te-N
heterocycle,
ebtellur
intermediate
which
isolated
structurally
characterized.
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
30(24)
Published: Feb. 19, 2024
Abstract
Chalcogen
bond
catalysis,
particularly
cationic
hypervalent
chalcogen
is
considered
to
be
an
effective
strategy
for
organocatalysis.
In
this
work,
the
catalysis
Povarov
reaction
between
N‐benzylideneaniline
and
ethyl
vinyl
ether
was
investigated
by
density
functional
theory
(DFT).
The
catalytic
involves
cycloaddition
process
proton
transfer
process,
rate‐determining
step
process.
Cationic
tellurium
derivatives
bearing
CF
3
F
groups
exhibit
superior
activity.
For
step,
Gibbs
free
energy
barrier
decreases
as
positive
electrostatic
potential
of
catalysts
increases.
More
importantly,
has
a
strong
linear
correlation
with
in
catalyst‐substrate
complex.
Furthermore,
reactions
include
endo
pathway
exo
pathway.
C−H⋅⋅⋅π
interaction
substituent
aryl
ring
contributes
endo‐selectivity
reaction.
This
research
deeper
understanding
providing
insights
designing
high
performance.
Helvetica Chimica Acta,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
107(5)
Published: March 6, 2024
Abstract
It
is
often
said
that
pnictogen‐bonding
catalysis,
and
σ
‐hole
catalysis
in
general,
would
not
work
aqueous
systems
because
the
solvent
interfere
as
an
overcompetitive
pnictogen‐bond
acceptor.
In
this
study,
we
show
transfer
of
from
hydrophobic
solvents
to
possible
by
replacing
only
with
hydrophilic
substrates,
without
changing
catalyst
or
reaction.
This
differs
conventional
covalent
Lewis
acid
catalysts,
which
are
instantaneously
destroyed
ligand
exchange.
With
their
water‐proof
substituents
place
exchangeable
ligands,
supramolecular
counterpart
evinced
catalyze
hydrogenation
quinolines
neutral
systems.
To
secure
these
results,
introduce
a
water‐soluble
fluorogenic
substrate
releases
coumarin
upon
reduction
instead
activated
quinolidiniums,
stiborane
catalysts
deepened
holes.
They
demonstrate
can
operate
higher‐order
architectures
for
under
biologically
relevant
conditions,
provide
operational
assay
high‐throughput
screening
fluorescence
imaging,
situ
conditions.
Chemical Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(26), P. 7221 - 7229
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
In
the
field
of
noncovalent
interactions,
chalcogen
bonding
(ChB)
involving
tellurium
atom
is
currently
attracting
much
attention
in
supramolecular
chemistry
and
catalysis.
However,
as
a
prerequisite
for
its
application,
ChB
should
be
studied
solution
to
assess
formation
and,
if
possible,
evaluate
strength.
this
context,
new
derivatives
bearing
CH
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
30(4)
Published: Nov. 15, 2023
Abstract
A
new
series
of
unsymmetrical
phenyl
tellurides
derived
from
2‐
N
‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)
benzamide
ligand
has
been
synthesized
in
a
practical
manner
by
the
copper‐catalyzed
method
using
diaryl
ditelluride
and
Mg
as
reductant
at
room
temperature.
In
order
to
augment
Lewis
acidity
these
newly
formed
monotellurides,
have
transformed
into
corresponding
‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)benzamide
tellurium
cations.
Subsequently,
acidic
cations
were
used
chalcogen
bonding
catalysts,
enabling
synthesis
various
substituted
1,2‐dihydroquinolines
activating
ketones
with
anilines
under
mild
conditions.
Moreover,
cation
also
catalyzed
formation
β
‐amino
alcohols
high
regioselectivity
effectively
epoxides
Mechanistic
insight
1
H
19
F
NMR
study,
electrostatic
surface
potential
(ESP
map),
control
reaction
which
reacted
explosively
epoxide,
suggested
that
enhanced
center
seems
responsible
for
efficient
catalytic
activities
conditions
excellent
trifluoromethyl
,
nitro,
pyridylsubstitution,
difficult
access.