Human Papillomaviruses-Associated Cancers: An Update of Current Knowledge

Viruses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 2234 - 2234

Published: Nov. 6, 2021

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which are small, double-stranded, circular DNA viruses infecting human epithelial cells, associated with various benign and malignant lesions of mucosa skin. Intensive research on the oncogenic potential HPVs started in 1970s spread across Europe, including Croatia, worldwide. Nowadays, causative role a subset or high-risk (HR) HPV types, led by HPV-16 HPV-18, different anogenital head neck cancers is well accepted. Two major viral oncoproteins, E6 E7, directly involved development HPV-related malignancies targeting synergistically cellular pathways regulation cell cycle control, apoptosis, polarity control networks as host immune response. This review aimed at describing key elements carcinogenesis advances cancer prevention reference to past on-going Croatia.

Language: Английский

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Post-treatment monitoring of surgically treated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients using human papillomavirus cell-free DNA

Oral Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 107225 - 107225

Published: March 5, 2025

The incidence rate of human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing. Despite good prognosis, recurrence can decrease health-related quality life and increase mortality, so post-treatment monitoring important for patient outcomes. One potential biomarker HPV cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood plasma. Plasma samples at start treatment during follow-up 27 OPSCC patients were analyzed cfDNA six high-risk types using a multiplex digital PCR assay. Presence was compared to tumor status determined by p16INK4a immunohistochemistry, DNA, RNA HPV16 E6 serology. At treatment, sensitivity detection in HPV-driven cases 89 % (17/19), while specificity 100 among 39 plasma 8 HPV-negative cases. A median 4 per over mean time 11 months available. Positive negative predictive values assessed on per-test-basis. testing after completion therapy had positive value HPV-OPSCC within one year, 98 %. In recurrent OPSCC, detectable between 3 6.8 before routine examination methods. Post-treatment early could be aided patients.

Language: Английский

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Sensitivity and Specificity of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 Early Antigen Serology for HPV-Driven Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 3010 - 3010

Published: June 16, 2021

Antibodies against HPV16 early proteins have been shown to be promising biomarkers for the identification of HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) among OPC cases in multiple studies. A systematic literature search was performed identify original research articles comparing HPV antigen serology with established reference methods determine molecular tumor status. Random-effects models were used calculate summary estimates sensitivity and specificity E2, E6 E7 HPV-OPC. Subgroup analyses explore heterogeneity across studies describe variables associated test performance. We identified n = 23 meeting all eligibility criteria included these meta-analysis. showed best performance pooled 83.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 72.5-90.2%) 94.6% CI 89.0-97.4%), respectively, while E2 serological assays highly specific (E2: 92.5% 79.1-97.6%); E7: 88.5% 77.9-94.4%)) but moderately sensitive 67.8% 58.9-75.6%); 67.0% 63.2-70.6%)). revealed increased bacterially (89.9% 84.5-93.6%)) vs. vitro expressed (55.3% 41.0-68.7%)), both high (95.2% 93.0-96.7%) 91.1% 46.6-99.2%), respectively). Pooled significantly lower utilizing DNA PCR as only method compared those using a combination any two (HPV DNA, RNA, situ hybridization (ISH), p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC)), or histopathological (ISH IHC) stand-alone marker. In conclusion, seropositivity is biomarker However, its differs between depends on methods.

Language: Английский

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Absolute Risk of Oropharyngeal Cancer After an HPV16-E6 Serology Test and Potential Implications for Screening: Results From the Human Papillomavirus Cancer Cohort Consortium

Journal of Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(31), P. 3613 - 3622

Published: June 14, 2022

PURPOSE Seropositivity for the HPV16-E6 oncoprotein is a promising marker early detection of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), but absolute risk OPC after positive or negative test unknown. METHODS We constructed an prediction model that integrates (1) relative odds serostatus and cigarette smoking from human papillomavirus (HPV) Cancer Cohort Consortium (HPVC3), (2) US population factor data National Health Interview Survey, (3) sex-specific rates mortality. RESULTS The nine HPVC3 cohorts included 365 participants with up to 10 years between blood draw diagnosis 5,794 controls. estimated 10-year seropositive males at age 50 was 17.4% (95% CI, 12.4 28.6) 60 27.1% 19.2 45.4). Corresponding 5-year estimates were 7.3% 14.4%, respectively. For females, 3.6% 2.5 5.9) 5.5% 3.8 9.2) 1.5% 2.7%, Over 30 years, result 49.9% 13.3% females would develop OPC. By contrast, risks among seronegative people very low, ranging 0.01% 0.25% depending on age, sex, status. CONCLUSION estimate substantial proportion individuals will OPC, 17%-27% 4%-6% 50-60 in United States. This high level may warrant periodic, minimally invasive surveillance serology test, particularly high-incidence regions. However, appropriate clinical protocol remains be established.

Language: Английский

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Testing for Human Papillomaviruses in Urine, Blood, and Oral Specimens: an Update for the Laboratory

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 13, 2023

Twelve high-risk alpha human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes cause approximately 690,000 cancer cases annually, with cervical and oropharyngeal being the two most prominent types. HPV testing is performed in laboratory settings for various applications of a clinical, epidemiological, research nature using range clinical specimens collected by clinicians or individuals (self-collected specimens).

Language: Английский

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Human Papilloma Virus: An Unraveled Enigma of Universal Burden of Malignancies

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 564 - 564

Published: April 6, 2023

HPV, or Human Papilloma Virus, has been the primary causative agent of genital warts and cervical cancer worldwide. It is a sexually transmitted infection mainly affecting women reproductive age group, also infecting men high-risk group individuals globally, resulting in high mortality. In recent years, HPV found to be major culprit behind anogenital cancers both gender oropharyngeal colorectal cancers. Few studies have reported incidence breast as well. For few decades, burden HPV-associated malignancies increasing at an alarming rate due lack adequate awareness, famine vaccine coverage hesitancy. The effectiveness currently available vaccines limited prophylactic efficacy does not prevent associated with post-exposure persistent infection. This review focuses on current malignancies, their causes strategies combat growing prevalence With advent new technologies treatment pertaining therapeutic interventions employing effective coverage, this disease may reduced population.

Language: Английский

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Clinical applications and utility of cell-free DNA-based liquid biopsy analyses in cervical cancer and its precursor lesions

British Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 127(8), P. 1403 - 1410

Published: June 20, 2022

Abstract Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an infectious carcinogenic agent. Nearly all cervical cancers are positive for one of the high-risk HPV subtypes. Although introduction vaccines in many countries have shown tremendous effects on incidence both intraepithelial lesions (CIN) and invasive cancer, large majority females worldwide still not vaccinated. Patients with diagnosed high-grade CIN need a lifelong close monitoring possible relapse or development cancer. Different blood-based liquid biopsy approaches great promise as easily obtainable minimally tool early detection disease. Among different clinical relevance cell-free DNA (cfDNA) cancer has been best investigated. In fragments can be both, human well viral origin. Thus, mutation methylation status genes related to carcinogenesis analysed plasma from patients. This review describes recent advances cfDNA its precursor lesions.

Language: Английский

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Predictive impact of human papillomavirus circulating tumorDNAin treatment response monitoring ofHPV‐associated cancers; a meta‐analysis on recurrent event endpoints

Cancer Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 17592 - 17602

Published: July 26, 2023

Abstract Background HPV infection can cause cancer, and standard treatments often result in recurrence. The extent to which liquid biopsy using circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) be used as a promising marker for predicting recurrence HPV‐related cancers remains validated. Here we conducted systematic review meta‐analysis assess its effectiveness treatment response. Methods We literature search of online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, up December 2022. goal was identify survival studies that evaluated potential plasma ctDNA at baseline end‐of‐treatment (EoT) related cancers. Hazard ratios were estimated directly from models or extracted Kaplan–Meier plots. Results pooled effect presence on disease HR = 7.97 (95% CI: [3.74, 17.01]). Subgroup analysis showed risk 2.17 [1.07, 4.41]) baseline‐positive cases 13.21 [6.62, 26.36]) EoT‐positive cases. Significant associations also observed between oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HR 12.25 [2.62, 57.36])) cervical cancer 4.60 [2.08, 10.17])) ctDNA‐positive patients. Conclusions study found detection predict rate relapse after treatment, with post‐treatment measurement being more effective than assessment. could surrogate incorporated other methods detecting residual disease.

Language: Английский

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Circulating HPV DNA in the Management of Oropharyngeal and Cervical Cancers: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1525 - 1525

Published: April 6, 2021

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with invasive malignancies, including almost 100% of cervical cancers (CECs), and 35–70% oropharyngeal (OPCs). HPV infection leads to clinical implications in related tumors by determining better prognosis predicting treatment response, especially OPC. Currently, specific minimally tests allow for detecting HPV-related cancer at an early phase, informing more appropriately therapeutical decisions, allowing timely disease monitoring. A blood-based biomarker detectable liquid biopsy represents ideal candidate, the use circulating DNA (ct-DNA) itself could offer highest specificity such a scope. Circulating is greatest part patients affected cancers, studies have demonstrated its potential usefulness CEC OPC management. Unfortunately, when using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), detection rate serum low. Innovative techniques as droplet-based digital PCR next generation sequencing becoming increasingly available purpose boosting ct-DNA rate. We herein review critically discuss most recent representative literature, concerning role ctDNA light new technologies that improve this fulfilling many unmet needs management patients.

Language: Английский

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Detection of Circulating HPV16 DNA as a Biomarker for Cervical Cancer by a Bead-Based HPV Genotyping Assay

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2)

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV) circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) was proposed as a biomarker for the detection and disease monitoring of HPV-related cancers. One hundred eighty plasma samples obtained from women diagnosed with HPV16-positive cervical cancer (CC) (

Language: Английский

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