Expanding plastics recycling technologies: chemical aspects, technology status and challenges

Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(23), P. 8899 - 9002

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

This paper reviewed the entire life cycle of plastics and options for management plastic waste to address barriers industrial chemical recycling further provide perceptions on possible opportunities with such materials.

Language: Английский

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The Chemical Recycling of Polyesters for a Circular Plastics Economy: Challenges and Emerging Opportunities

ChemSusChem, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 4041 - 4070

Published: April 7, 2021

Abstract Whilst plastics have played an instrumental role in human development, growing environmental concerns led to increasing public scrutiny and demands for outright bans. This has stimulated considerable research into renewable alternatives, more recently, the development of alternative waste management strategies. Herein, aim was highlight recent developments catalytic chemical recycling two commercial polyesters, namely poly(lactic acid) (PLA) poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The concept is first introduced, associated opportunities/challenges are discussed within context governing depolymerisation thermodynamics. Chemical methods PLA PET then discussed, with a particular focus on upcycling use metal‐based catalysts. Finally, attention shifts emergence new materials potential modernise economy. Emerging opportunities challenges industrial feasibility.

Language: Английский

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Why is Recycling of Postconsumer Plastics so Challenging?

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(9), P. 4325 - 4346

Published: Aug. 23, 2021

The ubiquitous use of plastics has been driven by their combination low cost and properties, but these attributes directly challenge waste management schemes for plastic recycling. Some postconsumer recycling programs are now nearly 50 years old, a significant fraction still finds landfills or other dumping strategies at end life. With the growing concern regarding waste, especially ocean plastics, there is need innovation alternative economic translation to valued product(s) that will promote efficient circular utilization. This review first describes technical hurdles associated with then it focuses on providing an overview emergent recover through new polymer design, processes, chemical transformations value-added products. Specific challenges discussed include sorting separations, product variability including additives, high efficiency/low in which existing petrochemical industry can produce virgin polymers, particular polyolefins. Although wide variety have demonstrated both mechanical means, commercial success different generally limited either performance, large variance key metrics, economics where products match performance materials process expensive. Successful capture likely depend incentives government regulations.

Language: Английский

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Rational Design of Chemical Catalysis for Plastic Recycling

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 4659 - 4679

Published: April 5, 2022

Plastics are indispensable, but their pollution is triggering a global environmental crisis. Although many end-of-life catalytic options have involved converting plastics into valuable products, deep understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and recycling performance significant urgently needed. Here, we start with primer polymeric chain structures on chemical discuss structure–performance polymer, catalyst, reaction. Specifically, development challenges re/upcycling waste PET polyolefins discussed in-depth. In addition, also present some prospects for innovations in catalyst synthesis reaction engineering basis relationship. The discussion ends brief perspective future plastic re/upcycling. Overall, intelligent catalysis design necessary incentivizing relieving burden plastics.

Language: Английский

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Critical Review on Polylactic Acid: Properties, Structure, Processing, Biocomposites, and Nanocomposites

Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 4312 - 4312

Published: June 17, 2022

Composite materials are emerging as a vital entity for the sustainable development of both humans and environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) has been recognized potential polymer candidate with attractive characteristics applications in engineering medical sectors. Hence, present article throws lights on essential physical mechanical properties PLA that can be beneficial composites, biocomposites, films, porous gels, so on. The discusses various processes utilized fabrication PLA-based composites. In later section, we have detailed discourse composites nanocomposites-based along properties’ comparisons, discussing our investigation effects fibers, fillers, nanofillers mechanical, thermal, wear PLA. Lastly, which is used extensively discussed detail.

Language: Английский

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Chemically recyclable polymer materials: polymerization and depolymerization cycles

Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 2321 - 2346

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The design and synthesis of chemically recyclable polymers, which can be reutilized as their starting monomers or new value-added chemicals, has provided a practical approach to address the end-of-use problem polymer materials possible closed-loop method for material usage. More more attention been paid exhibit an increasing prominent role in sustainable development. Nowadays, polymers including polyesters, polythioesters, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyamides, so on have made significant achievements. Consequently, this minireview summarizes examples achieving polymerization–depolymerization cycle access are categorized into seven parts based monomers.

Language: Английский

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Progress in upcycling polylactic acid waste as an alternative carbon source: A review

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 446, P. 136881 - 136881

Published: May 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Trash to Treasure: Photoreforming of Plastic Waste into Commodity Chemicals and Hydrogen over MoS₂-Tipped CdS Nanorods

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(20), P. 12823 - 12832

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Plastic valorization presents a significantly untapped opportunity to address environmental issues while creating the necessary economic push for circular carbon economy. Compared with conventional routes processing plastics (e.g., pyrolysis and gasification), photoreforming strategy, namely, photocatalytic plastic oxidation paired water splitting, aims achieve into commodity chemicals under mild conditions offering hydrogen fuels. Here, we implement MoS2-tipped CdS nanorod photocatalysts in an aqueous medium reform pretreated that range from polyesters polylactic acid (PLA) polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) polyolefins (PE)). The architecture of MoS2/CdS takes advantage anisotropic morphology rapid charge transfer features nanorods, by collecting electrons at MoS2 tip evolution utilizing entire sidewall nanorods rich holes toward oxidation. It is shown continuous H2 can be evolved PLA, PET (commercial granules real-world bottles), PE, these substrates are accordingly converted series valuable chemicals. This work provides effective way harness solar energy realize transformation trash (plastics) treasure (gaseous/liquid chemicals).

Language: Английский

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Biodegradable biopolymers for active packaging: demand, development and directions

Sustainable Food Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 50 - 72

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Biodegradable active food packaging addresses key environmental issues including plastic waste and waste.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art

Polymer Composites, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(9), P. 5831 - 5862

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

Abstract This review article discusses the environmental and economic effects of recycling, as well sustainable thermoplastic polymer recycling technologies. Several researchers have utilized recycled thermoplastics matrices in production a variety natural synthetic‐based composites, which is also focus this study. All industries (food packaging, construction building, transportation, indoor usage) where large market share are covered review. The desirable properties polymers, such corrosion resistance, low density, user‐friendliness, caused plastic to surpass aluminum other metals use over past 60 years. Furthermore, one most important measures available mitigate these dynamic segments plastics industry at present. Increased landfilling incineration negative impact on ecosystem, continued increase virgin fossil has environment. Consequently, continuous could lead depletion fuel resources, an emissions during processing, eventual incineration. Increasing numbers nations adopting circular economy concept effort avoid all problems. emphasizes reuse products materials according waste hierarchy, rather than their cremation or disposal

Language: Английский

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