Hypoxia Induced Changes of Exosome Cargo and Subsequent Biological Effects

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 4, 2022

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that secreted by almost all types of cells and exist in spaces. As an important mediator intercellular communication, exosomes encapsulate the miRNA, lncRNA, cirRNA, mRNA, cytokine, enzyme, lipid, other components from cytoplasm into its closed single membrane structure transfer them to recipient units autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner. Hypoxia is a state low oxygen tension involved many pathological processes. influences size, quantity, expression exosome cargos. derived hypoxic tumor genetics, proteins, lipids exert pleiotropic effects. Different donor produce different cargo contents, target lead biological Hypoxic uptaken normoxic promoted proliferation, migration, invasion; space liver metastasis; endothelial angiogenesis; immune macrophage polarization changed microenvironment. In addition various tumors, also participate development diseases cardiovascular system, neuron respiratory hematology urinary reproduction skeletomuscular system. Understanding special characteristics provide new insight elaborating pathogenesis hypoxia related disease. This review summarizes induced changes effects tumors non-malignant systems.

Language: Английский

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Versatile function of NF-ĸB in inflammation and cancer

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: July 16, 2024

Abstract Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB) plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune systems, significantly influencing various physiological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, stemness. The function of NF-ĸB cancer progression response to chemotherapy has gained increasing attention. This review highlights the inflammation control, biological mechanisms, therapeutic implications treatment. is instrumental altering release inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, which are key regulation carcinogenesis. Specifically, conditions including colitis, upregulation can intensify inflammation, potentially leading development colorectal cancer. Its pivotal extends regulating tumor microenvironment, impacting components macrophages, fibroblasts, T cells, natural killer cells. influences tumorigenesis dampen anti-tumor responses. Additionally, modulates death notably by inhibiting apoptosis ferroptosis. It also dual stimulating or suppressing autophagy cancers. Beyond these functions, controlling stem fostering angiogenesis, metastatic potential through EMT induction, reducing sensitivity radiotherapy. Given its oncogenic capabilities, research focused on products small molecule compounds that suppress NF-ĸB, offering promising avenues for therapy.

Language: Английский

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Emerging roles of extracellular vesicle-associated non-coding RNAs in hypoxia: Insights from cancer, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(13), P. 5776 - 5802

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Hypoxia is a central pathophysiological component in cancer, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, which represent the most common medical conditions resulting long-term disability death. Recent evidence suggests signaling pathways these diverse settings mediated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are packaged extracellular vesicles (EVs) protecting ncRNAs from degradation. EVs heterogeneous group of lipid bilayer-covered released virtually all cells, have important roles intercellular communication. studies pointed out that including long (lncRNAs) microRNAs (miRNAs) selectively sorted into EVs, modulating specific aspects cancer development, namely cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, immune tolerance or drug resistance, under hypoxia recipient cells. In shuttled via been shown to control tissue survival remodeling post-hypoxia regulating injury, inflammatory responses, neurogenesis neuronal plasticity. This review discusses recent on EV-associated hypoxic discussing their cellular origin, biological function disease significance. The emerging concept lncRNA-circular RNA/ miRNA/ mRNA networks outlined, upon synergistically respond order modify responses. Particular notion given participating at least two three conditions, revealed large degree overlaps across conditions. Possible EV-ncRNAs as therapeutic products theranostic markers defined.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance and the application of targeted nanoparticles for enhanced chemotherapy in colorectal cancer

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

Abstract Colorectal cancer is considered one of the major malignancies that threaten lives and health people around world. Patients with CRC are prone to post-operative local recurrence or metastasis, some patients advanced at time diagnosis have no chance for complete surgical resection. These factors make chemotherapy an indispensable important tool in treating CRC. However, complex composition tumor microenvironment interaction cellular interstitial components constitute a tissue high cell density, dense extracellular matrix, osmotic pressure, inevitably preventing chemotherapeutic drugs from entering acting on cells. As result, novel drug carrier system targeted nanoparticles has been applied therapy. It can change physicochemical properties drugs, facilitate crossing molecules through physiological pathological barriers, increase concentration nanomedicines lesion sites. In addition improving efficacy, also reduce side effects, enabling safer more effective disease treatment bioavailability. this review, we discuss mechanisms by which infiltrating cells other stromal comprise barriers colorectal cancer. The research application classified.

Language: Английский

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The role of extracellular vesicles in circulating tumor cell-mediated distant metastasis

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Current research has demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are very closely related in the process of distant metastasis. Primary tumors shed released into bloodstream to form CTCs referred as seeds colonize grow soil-like target organs, while EVs nontumor origin act fertilizers There is no previous text provides a comprehensive review role on during In this paper, we reviewed mechanisms metastasis, including ability enhance shedding CTCs, protect circulation determine direction CTC thus affecting metastasis tumors.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: A potential role in cancer progression

Cellular Signalling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121, P. 111263 - 111263

Published: June 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in colorectal cancer: metastasis, immune suppression, therapy resistance, and autophagy crosstalk

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: May 13, 2024

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in biological fluids. EVs implicated diverse physiopathological processes orchestrating cell–cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being leading cause mortality CRC patients. contribute significantly to advancement spread transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, DNAs, neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic prognostic biomarkers for early detection be harnessed effective carriers delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy an essential cellular process that serves remove damaged proteins organelles lysosomal degradation maintain homeostasis. EV release coordinately activated tumor share factors regulatory mechanisms. Although significance autophagy well established, exact mechanism interplay development obscure. This review focuses on examining specific functions various aspects CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant crosstalk CRC.

Language: Английский

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Research Advances of Lipid Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 6693 - 6715

Published: July 1, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and poses an enormous threat to human health. Current strategies for metastatic colorectal (mCRC) therapy primarily focus on chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy; however, their adverse reactions drug resistance limit clinical application. Advances in nanotechnology have rendered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) promising nanomaterial-based delivery system CRC therapy. LNPs can adapt the biological characteristics by modifying formulation, enabling selective drugs tissues. They overcome limitations traditional therapies, such as poor water solubility, nonspecific biodistribution, limited bioavailability. Herein, we review composition targeting Subsequently, applications these treatment including delivery, thermal nucleic acid-based gene are summarized with examples provided. The last section provides glimpse into advantages, current limitations, prospects CRC.

Language: Английский

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The application of extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer metastasis and drug resistance: recent advances and trends

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 29, 2023

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) has high incidence and mortality rates is one of the most common cancers digestive tract worldwide. Metastasis drug resistance are main causes treatment failure. Studies have recently suggested extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a novel mechanism for intercellular communication. They vesicular particles, which secreted released into biological fluids, such blood, urine, milk, etc., by variety cells carry numerous biologically active molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites, etc. EVs play crucial part in metastasis CRC delivering cargo to recipient modulating their behavior. An in-depth exploration might facilitate comprehensive understanding behavior resistance, provide basis developing therapeutic strategies. Therefore, considering specific properties EVs, researchers attempted explore potential next-generation delivery systems. On other hand, also been demonstrated biomarkers prediction, diagnosis, presumed prognosis CRC. This review focuses on role regulating chemoresistance Moreover, clinical applications discussed. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Acidity and hypoxia of tumor microenvironment, a positive interplay in extracellular vesicle release by tumor cells

Cellular Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 18, 2024

Abstract The complex and continuously evolving features of the tumor microenvironment, varying between histotypes, are characterized by presence host cells embedded in a milieu shaped hypoxia low pH, resulting from frequent imbalance vascularity cell proliferation. These microenvironmental metabolic stressors play crucial role remodeling cells, contributing to stimulation cancer heterogeneity, clonal evolution, multidrug resistance, ultimately leading progression metastasis. extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-enclosed structures released into tumor/host now recognized as critical drivers intercellular communication local cellular components hypoxic/acidic microenvironment. Understanding intricate molecular mechanisms governing interactions within hypoxic acidic triggered release EVs, could pave way for innovative strategies disrupt interplay with their This approach may contribute development an efficient safe therapeutic strategy combat progression. Therefore, we review major findings on EVs microenvironment appreciate toward metastatic disease.

Language: Английский

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