Frontiers in Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 26, 2024
The
discovery
and
use
of
exosomes
ushered
in
a
new
era
cell-free
therapy.
Exosomes
are
subgroup
extracellular
vesicles
that
show
great
potential
disease
treatment.
Engineered
exosomes.
with
their
improved
functions
have
attracted
intense
interests
application
translational
medicine
research.
However,
the
technology
engineering
still
faces
many
challenges
which
been
limitation
for
clinical
application.
This
review
summarizes
current
status
research
on
engineered
difficulties
encountered
recent
years,
view
to
providing
approaches
ideas
future
exosome
modification
drug
development.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: March 2, 2023
Abstract
Epigenetics
regulates
gene
expression
and
has
been
confirmed
to
play
a
critical
role
in
variety
of
metabolic
diseases,
such
as
diabetes,
obesity,
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
osteoporosis,
gout,
hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism
others.
The
term
‘epigenetics’
was
firstly
proposed
1942
with
the
development
technologies,
exploration
epigenetics
made
great
progresses.
There
are
four
main
epigenetic
mechanisms,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modification,
chromatin
remodelling,
noncoding
RNA
(ncRNA),
which
exert
different
effects
on
diseases.
Genetic
non-genetic
factors,
ageing,
diet,
exercise,
interact
jointly
affect
formation
phenotype.
Understanding
could
be
applied
diagnosing
treating
diseases
clinic,
biomarkers,
drugs,
editing.
In
this
review,
we
introduce
brief
history
well
milestone
events
since
proposal
‘epigenetics’.
Moreover,
summarise
research
methods
general
mechanisms
modulation.
Furthermore,
interaction
between
genetic
or
factors.
Finally,
clinical
trials
applications
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
159, P. 114252 - 114252
Published: Jan. 13, 2023
Diabetic
nephropathy
(DN)
is
one
of
the
most
severe
complications
diabetes.
However,
due
to
its
complex
pathological
mechanisms,
no
effective
therapeutic
methods
(other
than
ACEIs
and
ARBs)
have
been
applied,
which
used
for
many
years
in
clinical
practice.
Recent
studies
shown
that
emerging
therapeutics,
including
novel
target-based
pharmacotherapy,
cell
therapies,
dietary
regulation,
are
leading
new
hopes
DN
management.
This
review
aims
shed
light
on
treatment
by
describing
important
mechanisms
analysing
recent
advances
treatment,
drug
therapy,
regulation.
In
RAAS
activation,
AGE
accumulation,
EMT
involved
inflammation,
cellular
stress,
apoptosis,
pyroptosis,
autophagy.
several
SGLT2
inhibitors,
GLP-1
agonists,
MRAs,
receiving
public
attention.
addition,
stem
therapies
regulation
also
being
emphasized.
Herein,
we
highlight
importance
combining
therapy
anticipate
more
basic
research
or
trials
verify
strategies.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: May 12, 2022
Abstract
Single-cell
sequencing
(SCS)
is
an
emerging
high-throughput
technology
that
can
be
used
to
study
the
genomics,
transcriptomics,
and
epigenetics
at
a
single
cell
level.
SCS
widely
in
diagnosis
treatment
of
various
diseases,
including
cancer.
Over
years,
has
gradually
become
effective
clinical
tool
for
exploration
tumor
metastasis
mechanisms
development
strategies.
Currently,
not
only
analyze
metastasis-related
malignant
biological
characteristics,
such
as
heterogeneity,
drug
resistance,
microenvironment,
but
also
construct
maps
predicting
monitoring
dynamics
metastasis.
identify
therapeutic
targets
related
it
provides
insights
into
distribution
subsets
gene
expression
differences
between
primary
metastatic
tumors.
Additionally,
techniques
combination
with
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
are
liquid
biopsy
circulating
cells
(CTCs),
thereby
providing
novel
strategy
treating
In
this
review,
we
summarize
potential
applications
field
discuss
prospects
limitations
provide
theoretical
basis
finding
Cell Death Discovery,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: July 21, 2023
Abstract
Diabetic
cardiomyopathy
(DCM)
mainly
refers
to
myocardial
metabolic
dysfunction
caused
by
high
glucose,
and
hyperglycemia
is
an
independent
risk
factor
for
cardiac
function
in
the
absence
of
coronary
atherosclerosis
hypertension.
DCM,
which
a
severe
complication
diabetes,
has
become
leading
cause
heart
failure
diabetic
patients.
The
initial
symptoms
are
inconspicuous,
patients
gradually
exhibit
left
ventricular
eventually
develop
total
failure,
brings
great
challenge
early
diagnosis
DCM.
To
date,
underlying
pathological
mechanisms
DCM
complicated
have
not
been
fully
elucidated.
Although
there
therapeutic
strategies
available
treatment
focused
on
controlling
blood
glucose
lipids,
lack
effective
drugs
targeting
injury.
Thus,
large
percentage
with
inevitably
failure.
Given
neglected
symptoms,
intricate
cellular
molecular
mechanisms,
drugs,
it
necessary
explore
diagnostic
biomarkers,
further
understand
signaling
pathways
involved
pathogenesis
summarize
current
strategies,
new
targeted
interventions.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 18, P. 7923 - 7940
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
Exosomes
are
nano-sized
membrane
vesicles
that
transfer
bioactive
molecules
between
cells
and
modulate
various
biological
processes
under
physiological
pathological
conditions.
By
applying
bioengineering
technologies,
exosomes
can
be
modified
to
express
specific
markers
or
carry
therapeutic
cargo
emerge
as
novel
platforms
for
the
treatment
of
cancer,
neurological,
cardiovascular,
immune,
infectious
diseases.
However,
there
many
challenges
uncertainties
in
clinical
translation
exosomes.
This
review
aims
provide
an
overview
recent
advances
engineered
exosomes,
with
a
special
focus
on
methods
strategies
loading
drugs
into
pros
cons
different
methods,
optimization
exosome
production
based
encapsulated.
Moreover,
we
also
summarize
current
applications
prospects
well
potential
risks
limitations
need
addressed
engineering,
including
standardization
preparation
engineering
protocols,
quality
quantity
control
drug
release,
immunogenicity
cytotoxicity
Overall,
represent
exciting
frontier
nanomedicine,
but
they
still
face
large-scale
production,
maintenance
storage
stability,
translation.
With
continuous
this
field,
exosome-based
formulation
could
offer
great
promise
targeted
human
Stem Cells,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
41(4), P. 368 - 383
Published: Jan. 21, 2023
Diabetic
kidney
disease
(DKD)
is
the
leading
cause
of
end-stage
renal
worldwide.
Exosomes
(Exo)
derived
from
human
umbilical
cord
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(HUC-MSCs)
have
been
demonstrated
to
be
an
effective
therapy
for
DKD,
but
underlying
mechanisms
this
action
remain
poorly
defined.
We
investigated
association
DKD
with
inflammasome
activation
and
pathophysiological
relevance
Exo-mediated
inflammation
relief
as
well
damage
repair
in
progression.
co-cultured
podocytes
HUC-MSCs
Exo
(MSCs-Exo)
under
high
glucose
(HG)
injected
MSCs-Exo
into
diabetic
mice,
then
we
detected
NLRP3
both
vitro
vivo.
found
that
HG
reduced
viability
podocytes,
activated
signaling
pathway
increased
mice.
attenuated
inflammation,
including
expression
IL-6,
IL-1β,
IL-18,
TNF-α;
depressed
ameliorated
injury.
Furthermore,
miR-22-3p,
which
relatively
highly
expressed
miRNAs
exosomes
MSCs,
may
key
point
progress,
by
suppressing
its
known
target,
NLRP3.
Knocking
down
miR-22-3p
abolished
their
anti-inflammation
activity
beneficial
function
Collectively,
our
results
transferring
protected
mice
mediating
inflammasome,
indicating
MSC-derived
a
promising
therapeutic
cell-free
strategy
DKD.
