Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Sept. 7, 2024
Cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs)
are
a
diverse
stromal
cell
population
within
the
tumour
microenvironment,
where
they
play
fundamental
roles
in
cancer
progression
and
patient
prognosis.
Multiple
lines
of
evidence
have
identified
that
CAFs
critically
involved
shaping
structure
function
microenvironment
with
numerous
functions
regulating
behaviours,
such
as
metastasis,
invasion,
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT).
can
interact
extensively
cells
by
producing
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
multiple
secreted
factors,
metabolites.
Notably,
CAF-derived
EVs
been
critical
mediators
therapy
resistance,
constitute
novel
targets
biomarkers
management.
This
review
aimed
to
summarize
biological
detailed
molecular
mechanisms
mediating
resistance
chemotherapy,
targeted
agents,
radiotherapy,
immunotherapy.
We
also
discussed
therapeutic
potential
clinical
management,
thereby
providing
strategy
for
enhancing
efficacy
improving
Journal of drug targeting,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 33
Published: Jan. 15, 2025
The
lung
tumor
microenvironment
is
composed
of
various
cell
types,
including
cancer
cells,
stromal
and
immune
as
well
extracellular
matrix
(ECM).
These
cells
surrounding
ECM
create
a
stiff,
hypoxic,
acidic,
immunosuppressive
that
can
augment
the
resistance
tumors
to
different
forms
death
facilitate
invasion
metastasis.
This
environment
induce
chemo/radiotherapy
by
inducing
anti-apoptosis
mediators
such
phosphoinositide
3-kinase
(PI3K)/Akt,
signal
transducer
activator
transcription
3
(STAT3),
nuclear
factor
κB
(NF-κB),
leading
exhaustion
antitumor
immunity
further
chemo/radiotherapy.
In
addition,
resist
boosting
multidrug
mechanisms
antioxidant
defense
systems
within
other
TME
components.
this
review,
we
discuss
interactions
communications
between
these
components
also
effects
hypoxia,
evasion,
remodeling
on
resistance.
Finally,
review
current
strategies
in
preclinical
clinical
studies,
inhibition
checkpoint
molecules,
chemoattractants,
cytokines,
growth
factors,
programmed
1
(PD-1),
insulin-like
2
(IGF-2)
for
targeting
overcome
chemotherapy
radiotherapy.
Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(1)
Published: May 22, 2023
Cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs)
are
the
most
abundant
stromal
cells
within
tumor
microenvironment
(TME).
They
extensively
communicate
with
other
cells.
Exosome-packed
bioactive
molecules
derived
from
CAFs
can
reshape
TME
by
interacting
and
extracellular
matrix,
which
adds
a
new
perspective
for
their
clinical
application
in
targeted
therapy.
An
in-depth
understanding
of
biological
characteristics
CAF-derived
exosomes
(CDEs)
is
critical
depicting
detailed
landscape
developing
tailored
therapeutic
strategies
cancer
treatment.
In
this
review,
we
have
summarized
functional
roles
TME,
particularly
focusing
on
extensive
communication
mediated
CDEs
that
contain
such
as
miRNAs,
proteins,
metabolites,
components.
addition,
also
highlighted
prospects
diagnostic
applications
based
CDEs,
could
guide
future
development
exosome-targeted
anti-tumor
drugs.
Cell Death Discovery,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Aug. 26, 2024
Abstract
CAFs
(cancer-associated
fibroblasts)
are
highly
flexible
cells
of
the
cancer
microenvironment.
They
produce
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
constituents
that
form
structure
tumor
stroma
but
also
a
source
metabolites,
growth
factors,
chemokines,
and
exosomes
impact
every
aspect
tumor,
including
its
response
to
treatment.
It
is
believed
exosomal
miRNAs
facilitate
intercellular
signaling,
which
essential
for
development
cancer.
The
role
in
microenvironment
(TME)
carcinogenesis
reviewed
this
paper.
preferred
reporting
items
systematic
reviews
meta-analyses
(PRISMA)
2020
guidelines
were
used
perform
review.
Several
databases,
Web
Science,
Medline,
Embase,
Cochrane
Library,
Scopus,
searched
using
following
keywords:
CAFs,
CAF,
cancer-associated
fibroblasts,
stromal
miRNA,
miRNAs,
exosome
similar
terms.
We
identified
studies
investigating
TME
their
carcinogenesis.
A
total
12,572
papers
identified.
After
removing
duplicates
(
n
=
3803),
8774
articles
screened
by
title
abstract.
Of
these,
421
excluded
from
further
analysis.
has
been
reported
if
not
functioning
correctly,
may
influence
secretory
phenotype
tip
contribute
increased
invasiveness,
spread,
decreased
treatment
efficacy,
poorer
prognosis.
Under
influence,
normal
fibroblasts
(NFs)
transformed
into
CAFs.
Furthermore,
they
participate
metabolic
reprogramming,
allows
fast
proliferation
cell
population,
adaptation
growing
energy
demands,
capacity
avoid
immune
system
identification.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: April 17, 2024
Cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
a
class
of
stromal
cells
in
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
play
key
role
controlling
cancer
cell
invasion
and
metastasis,
immune
evasion,
angiogenesis,
resistance
to
chemotherapy.
CAFs
mediate
their
activities
by
secreting
soluble
chemicals,
releasing
exosomes,
altering
extracellular
matrix
(ECM).
Exosomes
contain
various
biomolecules,
such
as
nucleic
acids,
lipids,
proteins.
microRNA
(miRNA),
22–26
nucleotide
non-coding
RNA,
can
regulate
cellular
transcription
processes.
Studies
have
shown
that
miRNA-loaded
exosomes
secreted
engage
regulatory
communication
networks
with
other
TME
constituents.
This
study
focused
on
roles
CAF-derived
exosomal
miRNAs
generating
malignant
characteristics,
including
modulation,
growth,
migration
invasion,
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
treatment
resistance.
thoroughly
examines
miRNA’s
dual
promoting
suppressing
cancer.
Thus,
changes
be
used
biomarkers
for
diagnosis
prognosis
patients,
specificity
develop
newer
therapies.
review
also
discusses
pressing
problems
require
immediate
attention,
aiming
inspire
researchers
explore
more
novel
avenues
this
field.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Feb. 15, 2024
Abstract
In
recent
decades,
emerging
data
have
highlighted
the
critical
role
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
especially
(exosomes)
Exos,
in
progression
and
development
several
cancer
types.
These
nano-sized
are
released
by
different
cell
lineages
within
niche
maintain
a
suitable
platform
for
interchange
various
signaling
molecules
paracrine
manner.
Based
on
studies,
Exos
can
transfer
oncogenic
factors
to
other
cells,
alter
activity
immune
tumor
microenvironment,
leading
expansion
cells
metastasis
remote
sites.
It
has
been
indicated
that
cell-to-cell
crosstalk
is
so
complicated
wide
array
involved
this
process.
How
which
mechanisms
regulate
behavior
non-cancer
at
center
debate.
Here,
we
scrutinize
molecular
parenchyma.
Besides,
tumoricidal
properties
from
stem
(SC)
types
discussed
detail.
Immunological Investigations,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 14
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
Background
Liver
cancer
(LC)
is
a
deadly
malignancy
with
limited
therapeutic
options
in
recent
years.
Natural
killer
cell-derived
exosomes
(NK-exo),
as
an
important
bridge
of
information
transmission
between
cells,
also
have
certain
killing
effect
on
tumor
cells.
On
this
basis,
study
investigated
the
specific
regulatory
mechanism
NK-exo
LC
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 62 - 62
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Background:
Tumors,
as
intricate
ecosystems,
comprise
oncocytes
and
the
highly
dynamic
tumor
stroma.
Tumor
stroma,
representing
non-cancerous
non-cellular
composition
of
microenvironment
(TME),
plays
a
crucial
role
in
oncogenesis
progression,
through
its
interactions
with
biological,
chemical,
mechanical
signals.
This
review
aims
to
analyze
challenges
stroma
mimicry
models,
highlight
advanced
personalized
co-culture
approaches
for
recapitulating
using
patient-derived
organoids
(PDTOs).
Methods:
synthesizes
findings
from
recent
studies
on
composition,
stromal
remodeling,
spatiotemporal
heterogeneities
TME.
It
explores
popular
stroma-related
systems
integrating
PDTOs
elements,
techniques
improve
mimicry.
Results:
Stroma
driven
by
cells,
highlights
dynamism
heterogeneity
PDTOs,
derived
tissues
or
cancer-specific
stem
accurately
mimic
tissue-specific
genetic
features
primary
tumors,
making
them
valuable
drug
screening.
Co-culture
models
combining
elements
effectively
recreate
TME,
showing
promise
anti-cancer
therapy.
Advanced
flexible
combinations
enhance
precision
tumor-stroma
recapitulation.
Conclusions:
PDTO-based
offer
promising
platform
therapy
development.
underscores
importance
refining
these
advance
medicine
therapeutic
outcomes.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 15, 2025
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
a
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
mortality
globally.
Although
tumor
immunotherapy
widely
recognized
for
treating
unresectable
CRC,
challenges
such
as
ineffective
and
drug
resistance
remain
prevalent.
While
intratumor
microbiome-derived
butyrate
has
been
implicated
in
promoting
lung
metastasis,
its
role
CRC
chemoresistance
not
well
understood.
This
study
aimed
to
explore
the
relationship
between
CRC.
We
performed
comprehensive
analysis
microbiome
composition
patients
with
varying
resistance-free
survival
(RFS)
durations,
utilizing
16S
rRNA
sequencing.
Furthermore,
we
assessed
prognostic
significance
circulating
DNA
(cmDNA)
examined
effects
exogenous
supplementation
on
chemosensitivity
cell
lines.
Our
sequencing
revealed
reduction
microbial
diversity
within
samples
resistance,
indicated
by
metrics
observed
taxonomic
units,
Shannon,
Simpson
indices.
Notably,
Roseburia
Fusobacteria
emerged
prominent
biomarkers
group,
whereas
Bifidobacterium,
Helicobacter,
Akkermansia
were
identified
non-resistant
group.
Utilizing
Lasso
regression
model,
six
genera-Roseburia,
Gardnerella,
Flavonifractor,
Coprococcus,
Anaerostipes-that
significantly
correlated
recurrence-free
survival.
both
signature
effective
accurately
predicting
resistance.
Experimental
assays,
including
CCK8
wound-healing,
demonstrated
that
enhances
proliferation
migration
HCT15
cells
time-
concentration-dependent
manner.
Cell
further
treatment
increased
IC50
value,
suggesting
heightened
cells.
Mechanistically,
this
was
attributed
butyrate's
activation
PI3K-AKT
signaling
pathway.
results
suggest
contributes
colorectal
cancer,
highlighting
potential
therapeutic
microbiome.
