Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora’s Box Has Been Opened

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25, P. e46924 - e46924

Published: May 3, 2023

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced substantially in recent years, transforming many industries and improving the way people live work. In scientific research, AI can enhance quality efficiency of data analysis publication. However, also opened up possibility generating high-quality fraudulent papers that are difficult to detect, raising important questions about integrity research trustworthiness published papers. Objective The aim this study was investigate capabilities current language models medical articles. We hypothesized modern create highly convincing easily deceive readers even experienced researchers. Methods This proof-of-concept used ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) powered by GPT-3 (Generative Transformer 3) model generate a article related neurosurgery. is large developed OpenAI uses deep learning algorithms human-like text response prompts given users. trained on massive corpus from internet capable variety languages various topics. authors posed refined them iteratively as generated responses. goal completely fabricated including abstract, introduction, material methods, discussion, references, charts, etc. Once generated, it reviewed for accuracy coherence experts fields neurosurgery, psychiatry, statistics compared existing similar Results found resembled genuine paper terms word usage, sentence structure, overall composition. AI-generated included standard sections such results, well sheet. It consisted 1992 words 17 citations, whole process creation took approximately 1 hour without any special training human user. there were some concerns specific mistakes identified article, specifically references. Conclusions demonstrates potential Although look sophisticated seemingly flawless, expert may identify semantic inaccuracies errors upon closer inspection. highlight need increased vigilance better detection methods combat misuse research. At same time, recognize benefits using writing manuscript preparation editing.

Language: Английский

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Brain NMDA Receptors in Schizophrenia and Depression

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 947 - 947

Published: June 23, 2020

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP), dizocilpine (MK-801) and ketamine have long been considered a model of schizophrenia, both in animals humans. However, has recently approved for treatment-resistant depression, although with severe restrictions. Interestingly, the dosage conditions is similar, positive symptoms schizophrenia appear before antidepressant effects emerge. Here, we describe temporal mechanisms implicated schizophrenia-like antidepressant-like NMDA blockade rats, postulate that may indicate induce similar mechanistic effects, only basal pre-drug state organism delimitates overall outcome. Hence, receptors depressive-like status can lead to amelioration or remission symptoms, whereas healthy individuals develop psychotic patients show an exacerbation these after administration antagonists.

Language: Английский

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Ketamine versus ECT for Nonpsychotic Treatment-Resistant Major Depression

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 388(25), P. 2315 - 2325

Published: May 24, 2023

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and subanesthetic intravenous ketamine are both currently used for treatment-resistant major depression, but the comparative effectiveness of two treatments remains uncertain.We conducted an open-label, randomized, noninferiority trial involving patients referred to ECT clinics depression. Patients with depression without psychosis were recruited assigned in a 1:1 ratio receive or ECT. During initial 3-week treatment phase, received either three times per week (0.5 mg kilogram body weight over 40 minutes) twice week. The primary outcome was response (i.e., decrease ≥50% from baseline score on 16-item Quick Inventory Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report; scores range 0 27, higher indicating greater depression). margin -10 percentage points. Secondary outcomes included memory tests patient-reported quality life. After who had followed 6-month period.A total 403 underwent randomization at five clinical sites; 200 group 203 group. 38 withdrawn before initiation treatment, administered 195 170 patients. A 55.4% 41.2% those (difference, 14.2 points; 95% confidence interval, 3.9 24.2; P<0.001 ECT). appeared be associated recall after 3 weeks (mean [±SE] T-score delayed Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, -0.9±1.1 vs. -9.7±1.2 group; -300 200, better function) gradual recovery during follow-up. Improvement quality-of-life similar groups. musculoskeletal adverse effects, whereas dissociation.Ketamine noninferior as psychosis. (Funded by Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; ELEKT-D ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03113968.).

Language: Английский

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A Delphi-method-based consensus guideline for definition of treatment-resistant depression for clinical trials

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 1286 - 1299

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Criteria for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and partially responsive (PRD) as subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) are not unequivocally defined. In the present document we used a Delphi-method-based consensus approach to define TRD PRD serve operational criteria future clinical studies, especially if conducted regulatory purposes. We reviewed literature brought together group international experts (including clinicians, academics, researchers, employees pharmaceutical companies, bodies representatives, one person with lived experience) evaluate state-of-the-art main controversies regarding current classification. then provided recommendations on how design trials, guide research in unmet needs knowledge gaps. This report will feed into objectives EUropean Patient-cEntric clinicAl tRial pLatforms, Innovative Medicines Initiative (EU-PEARL, IMI) MDD project, protocol platform trials new medications TRD/PRD.

Language: Английский

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Exploratory study of the dose-related safety, tolerability, and efficacy of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in healthy volunteers and major depressive disorder

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47(10), P. 1854 - 1862

Published: June 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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Psychedelic therapy for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 322, P. 194 - 204

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Pharmacotherapies for Treatment-Resistant Depression: How Antipsychotics Fit in the Rapidly Evolving Therapeutic Landscape

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 180(3), P. 190 - 199

Published: March 1, 2023

One in three adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not experience clinically significant improvement after multiple sequential courses of antidepressants and have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The presence TRD contributes to the morbidity excess mortality associated MDD has been linked significantly increased health care expenses. In absence a consensus definition TRD, this report takes broad approach by considering inadequate response one or more focuses on atypical antipsychotics that are approved U.S. Food Drug Administration for treatment (aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, extended-release quetiapine, olanzapine-fluoxetine combination). While acute-phase studies demonstrated efficacy these medications improving symptoms, meaningful (i.e., remission) remains limited, concerns about side effects (including weight gain, metabolic dysfunction, extrapyramidal tardive dyskinesia), especially long-term use. With rapidly evolving landscape antidepressant treatments over past few years, which witnessed approval rapid-acting (e.g., esketamine nasal spray dextromethorphan-bupropion combination) several late-stage pipeline zuranolone psilocybin), it be seen whether use will go way older rarely prescribed (such as tricyclics monoamine oxidase inhibitors). Pragmatic clinical trials needed compare effectiveness TRD-specific pharmacotherapies neuromodulation identify optimal sequencing varied approaches patients MDD. When using antipsychotics, clinicians encouraged shared decision-making personalizing selection based anticipated effects, tolerability, cost, feasibility.

Language: Английский

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Deep brain stimulation for refractory major depressive disorder: a comprehensive review

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 1075 - 1087

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Treatment-Resistant Depression in Older Adults

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 390(7), P. 630 - 639

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Treatment-resistant depression in older adults is common and can be difficult to manage. Strategies include ensuring adequate antidepressant therapy addressing concomitant psychiatric medical needs.

Language: Английский

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Patient perspectives and experiences with psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression: a qualitative study

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Psilocybin is the most researched classic psychedelic for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). While optimizing set and setting are considered essential efficacy safety, patient perspectives on these aspects have rarely been investigated. To address this knowledge gap, current paper explored experiences of 11 TRD patients (8 women, 3 men) participating in a double-blind randomized clinical trial with single session oral (1, 10 or 25 mg) psilocybin treatment. After qualitative analysis, three major themes were identified: (1) challenges trust-building expectation management; (2) navigating experience; (3) need more comprehensive Subthemes first theme include general distrust mental healthcare, trust study therapists, limited time preparation, managing expectations. The second included following subthemes: trusting to surrender, profound overwhelming experiences, music as guide. third addressed desire multiple sessions, sensemaking. Patients' provided important insights into potential optimization treatment TRD, including individualized investment trust-building, offering additional providing access sustained (psycho)therapy trusted personalizing approaches, which may also enhance real-world adaption treatments.

Language: Английский

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