International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 16, 2023
Wireless
Sensor
Networks
(WSNs)
are
integral
to
various
applications,
ranging
from
environmental
monitoring
healthcare
systems
and
industrial
automation.These
networks,
comprising
energy-constrained
nodes,
play
a
vital
role
in
collecting
transmitting
real-time
data
for
remote
sensing
surveillance.However,
the
efficient
routing
of
WSNs
is
critical
challenge,
particularly
terms
energy
consumption.Existing
protocols
may
not
prioritize
efficiency,
leading
premature
depletion
node
diminishing
network
performance.This
problem
statement
focuses
on
addressing
this
challenge
by
developing
implementing
energy-efficient
algorithms.The
objective
design
novel
that
effectively
manage
consumption,
adapt
dynamic
conditions,
incorporate
aggregation
compression
techniques.The
expected
outcomes
include
improved
enhanced
adaptability
changing
environments,
prolonged
lifespan.The
significance
lies
potential
optimize
performance
reliability
WSNs,
impacting
fields
such
as
monitoring,
healthcare,
automation.
IEEE Access,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12, P. 12149 - 12163
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
In
wireless
sensor
networks
(WSNs),
energy
preservation
through
clustering
and
routing
protocols
has
been
verified
as
a
significant
effective
method
to
extend
the
network
lifetime.
However,
hot
spot
problem,
excessive
message
overhead
used
for
cluster
formation,
frequent
maintenance
are
still
main
challenges
in
protocols.
The
objective
of
this
paper
is
overcome
these
problems
enhance
lifetime
by
proposing
new
protocol
combined
Harris
Harks
Optimization
Clustering
with
Fuzzy
Routing
named
HHOCFR.
HHOCFR,
an
improved
harks
optimization
(HHO)
algorithm
utilized
select
best
heads
(CHs)
form
optimal
clusters
simultaneously
novel
encoding
mechanism.
Moreover,
good
point
set
based
population
initialization
neighborhood
centroid
opposition
learning
mechanism
accelerate
convergence
avoid
being
trapped
into
local
optima.
Thus,
no
extra
needed
formation.
addition,
fuzzy
logic
system
(FLS)
considers
residual
energy,
consumption
deviation
cluster,
distance
crossover
descriptors
make
decision
on
relay
CH
determination
each
CH,
resulting
balance
among
CHs
so
mitigate
problem.
Thereafter,
monitor
determine
whether
rotation
or
re-clustering
started
maintain
clusters,
which
further
decreases
network.
According
results,
average
HHOCFR
increased
34.20%,
28.11%,
23.65%
17.43%,
compared
IBRE-LEACH,
DAPFL,
IHHO-F
HHO-UCRA.
For
throughput,
12.7%,
13.51%,
20.95%,
10.87%
higher
than
he
lower
HHO-UCRA
42.73%,
23.74%,
25.58%,
23.23%,
respectively.
International Journal of Communication Systems,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
37(4)
Published: Dec. 4, 2023
Summary
For
accurate
environmental
monitoring,
a
wireless
sensor
network
(WSN)
uses
collection
of
autonomous
nodes
(SNs)
that
are
dispersed
at
random
across
given
area.
WSNs
used
for
various
applications
require
real‐time
data.
While
the
SNs
in
WSN
limited
their
ability
to
generate
energy,
routing
process
is
seen
as
vital
means
improving
network's
conserve
resources
and
prolong
its
useful
life.
In
this
research
work,
we
present
sink
mobility‐based
energy‐optimized
(SMEOR)
energy
harvesting
(EH)‐enabled
WSN.
following
cluster‐based
routing,
election
cluster
head
(CH)
executed
using
our
proposed
extended
spotted
hyena
Lévy
flight
optimization
(ESHLFO)
algorithm.
Furthermore,
address
energy‐hole
problem,
four
data‐collection
energy‐unlimited
around
periphery
network.
The
moves
from
one
EH‐enabled
node
another
collect
Further,
security
SMEOR
ensured
by
encrypting
data
stream
cipher
stochastically
generated
key.
It
evident
simulation
analysis
delivers
longevity
supreme
performance.
International Journal of Communication Systems,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
38(7)
Published: March 22, 2025
ABSTRACT
Software‐defined
networking
is
a
network
architecture
that
centralizes
control,
enabling
more
flexible,
programmable,
and
adaptive
management.
Various
traditional
methods
struggle
to
adapt
dynamic
topologies
varying
traffic
patterns.
This
paper
presents
an
enhanced
obfuscation
system
for
software‐defined
wireless
sensor
networks
integrates
Lévy
flight–enhanced
golf
energy‐aware
mechanism
achieve
secure
energy‐efficient
routing.
The
prominent
aim
of
the
proposed
methodology
enhance
security
by
obfuscating
flows,
making
it
challenging
attackers
analyze
predict
data
transmission
Simultaneously,
approach
optimizes
energy
consumption
extend
operational
lifetime
networks,
which
are
often
constrained
limited
power
resources.
implements
six
strategies:
node
deployment
SDN
management,
with
dummy
packets,
topology
adjustment
efficient
routing,
optimized
transmission,
continuous
reconfiguration
against
evolving
threat.
Finally,
experimental
findings
revealed
effectiveness
system.
In
200
nodes,
total
was
reduced
18%,
while
increased
27%,
leading
14%
improvement
in
lifetime.
For
300
22%,
improved
25%,
significantly
enhancing
efficiency.
International Journal of Communication Systems,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
38(8)
Published: April 8, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
application
of
wireless
sensor
network
(WSN)
technology
provides
a
cost‐effective,
intelligence‐driven
solution
for
addressing
various
challenges.
WSNs
have
emerged
as
highly
promising
technology,
finding
applications
in
environmental
monitoring,
surveillance,
and
the
development
smart
cities.
However,
primary
challenge
is
limited
energy
resources
individual
nodes.
Preserving
crucial
to
extend
network's
operational
lifespan
ensuring
multihop
data
transmission.
main
objective
this
work
develop
routing
protocol
focused
on
enhancing
efficiency
within
hybrid
monitoring
implementing
it
hardware.
This
integrates
methodologies
such
aggregation,
cluster‐based
routing,
sleep
scheduling
optimize
utilization
effectively
longevity.
By
considering
factors
like
residual
proximity
neighboring
nodes,
innovative
employs
techniques.
allows
certain
nodes
conserve
through
periodic
transitions
into
low‐power
modes.
proposed
undergoes
rigorous
evaluation
extensive
experiments
comparative
analysis
with
existing
protocols,
specifically
terms
consumption
lifespan.
results
conclusively
highlight
substantial
enhancement
achieved
by
protocol,
leading
notably
prolonged
an
overall
boost
performance.
insights
derived
from
protocol's
findings
contribute
significantly
domain
WSNs,
offering
valuable
guidance
design
implementation
energy‐efficient
protocols
real‐world
scenarios.
International Journal of Communication Systems,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
38(10)
Published: May 12, 2025
ABSTRACT
Underwater
wireless
sensor
networks
(UWSNs)
face
challenges
like
limited
bandwidth,
high‐energy
consumption,
and
the
energy
hole
problem,
where
nodes
near
sinks
deplete
faster,
reducing
network
performance
lifespan.
To
address
these
issues,
we
propose
hybrid
optimization‐based
sink
mobility
for
mitigation
in
UWSNs
(HOSEMU),
utilizing
a
golden
jackal
optimization
(GJO)
enhanced
remora
(ERO)
approach,
termed
GJERO.
GJERO
combines
GJO's
global
search
ERO's
local
to
enhance
cluster
head
(CH)
selection,
balancing
consumption
improving
convergence.
Sink
toward
energy‐depleted
CHs
further
ensures
efficient
data
collection
extended
Simulation
results
MATLAB
show
that
HOSEMU
outperforms
existing
methods,
stability
by
19.4%
over
energy‐efficient
routing
stable
reporting
algorithm
(EERSDRA)
28.7%
energy‐conserving
(ECERO).
These
demonstrate
HOSEMU's
effectiveness
addressing
UWSN‐specific
enhancing
performance.
IEEE Access,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11, P. 128784 - 128800
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Fuzzy
clustering
and
routing
protocols
have
been
proven
to
improve
energy
efficiency,
extend
network
scalability,
increase
throughput,
balance
load
as
well
prolong
lifetime.
However,
rules
defined
manually
according
field
experts
are
impossible
or
impractical
achieve
the
optimal
solution
for
a
Inference
System
(FIS).
Therefore,
Novel
Clustering
Routing
Protocol
called
NFCRP
is
proposed
in
this
paper
by
using
an
improved
Particle
Swarm
Optimization
(PSO)
algorithm
tune
fuzzy
rules.
Firstly,
one
FIS
used
complete
based
on
effective
input
parameters
including
residual
energy,
node
degree
deviation,
distance
centrality,
thereby
forming
clusters
minimizing
intra-cluster
consumption.
Secondly,
other
adopted
perform
with
descriptors
BS,
data
hence
addressing
inter-cluster
Finally,
of
both
FISs
tuned
PSO
whose
updated
introducing
chaotic
mapping
adaptive
inertia
weight.
Simulation
experiments
conducted
verify
performance
against
LEACH,
EFUCA,
EEFUC,
FBCR
FMSFLA.
According
results,
average
lifetime
has
increased
79.59%,
47.99%,
50.35%,15.66
13.04%,
compared
For
standard
deviation
CH's
traffic
load,
decreases
it
29.29%
over
31.42%
25.28%
outperforms
FMSFLA
16.87%,
46.52%,
48.18%,
29.97
71.79%.
In
addition,
also
reduces
consumption
53.95%,
23.76%,
38.72%,
15.71
27.18%
FMSFLA,
respectively.