Delineating early developmental pathways to ADHD: Setting an international research agenda

JCPP Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(2)

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, impairing, and highly heritable condition typically diagnosed in middle childhood. However, it now recognized that symptoms emerge much earlier development. Research focused on understanding-using multiple units of analysis-the cascade early-life (i.e., prenatal-infant-toddler) developmental changes will later as ADHD has the potential to transform early identification, prevention, intervention. To this end, we introduce recently established Early Consortium, an international network investigators engaged prospective, longitudinal studies risk for beginning life, conducted within framework, which incorporate multimethod approaches. This seeks harmonize measures methodological approaches increase data sharing subsequent impact.

Language: Английский

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Aperiodic and Hurst EEG exponents across early human brain development: A systematic review

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68, P. 101402 - 101402

Published: June 7, 2024

In electroencephalographic (EEG) data, power-frequency slope exponents (1/f_β) can provide non-invasive markers of in vivo neural activity excitation-inhibition (E:I) balance. E:I balance may be altered neurodevelopmental conditions; hence, understanding how 1/f β evolves across infancy/childhood has implications for developing early assessments/interventions. This systematic review (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42023363294) explored the maturation (0-26 yrs) resting-state EEG measures (aperiodic [AE], power law [PLE] and Hurst [HE] exponents), including studies containing ≥1 ≥10 typically participants. Five databases (including Embase Scopus) were searched during March 2023. Forty-two identified (Nparticipants=3478). Risk bias was assessed using Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies tool. Narrative synthesis HE data suggests non-stationary occurs throughout development. Age-related trends complex, rapid decreases AEs infancy heterogenous changes thereafter. Regionally, AE maxima shifted developmentally, potentially reflecting spatial maturing brain connectivity. work highlights importance further characterising development to better understand shapes cognitive

Language: Английский

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Transcranial random noise stimulation combined with cognitive training for treating ADHD: a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 2, 2023

Abstract Non-invasive brain stimulation has been suggested as a potential treatment for improving symptomology and cognitive deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. Here, we examined whether novel form of stimulation, high-frequency transcranial random noise (tRNS), applied with training (CT), may impact symptoms neural oscillations children ADHD. We conducted randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial 23 unmedicated ADHD, who received either tRNS over right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) or sham 2 weeks, combined CT. + CT yielded significant clinical improvements (reduced parent-reported ADHD rating-scale scores) following treatment, compared to control intervention. These did not change significantly at 3-week follow-up. Moreover, resting state (RS)-EEG periodic beta bandwidth extracted peaks was reduced experimental group immediately further reduction A lower aperiodic exponent, which reflects higher cortical excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance related improvement, seen group. This replicates previous findings adults without but only when using directional hypothesis. The exhibited longer sleep onset latencies more wake-up times No differences were executive functions, nor reported adverse events. conclude that lasting effect on activity. results provide preliminary direction towards intervention pediatric

Language: Английский

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Early development of electrophysiological activity: Contribution of periodic and aperiodic components of the EEG signal

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60(11)

Published: June 15, 2023

Abstract Brain function rapidly changes in the first 2 years of life. In last decades, resting‐state EEG has been widely used to explore those changes. Previous studies have focused on relative power signal established frequency bands (i.e., theta, alpha, and beta). However, is a mixture 1/f‐like background (aperiodic) combination with narrow peaks that appear over curve (periodic activity, e.g., alpha peak). Therefore, it possible captures both, aperiodic periodic brain contributing electrophysiological activity observed infancy. For this reason, we explored early developmental trajectory beta from infancy toddlerhood compared longitudinal study three waves at age 6, 9, 16 18 months. Finally, tested contribution components power. We found trajectories differed period all but alpha. Furthermore, flattened between 6 More importantly, only was exclusively related whereas significantly contributed theta bands. Thus, these frequencies influenced by which should be considered for future studies.

Language: Английский

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Aperiodic components and aperiodic-adjusted alpha-band oscillations in children with ADHD

Journal of Psychiatric Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 173, P. 225 - 231

Published: March 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Infant excitation/inhibition balance interacts with executive attention to predict autistic traits in childhood

Molecular Autism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Abstract Background Autism is proposed to be characterised by an atypical balance of cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I). However, most studies have examined E/I alterations in older autistic individuals, meaning that findings could part reflect homeostatic compensation. To assess the directionality effects, it necessary examine early lifespan before symptom emergence. Recent explanatory frameworks argued also consider how risk features interact with later developing modifier factors predict autism outcomes. Method We indexed infancy extracting aperiodic exponent slope electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum (‘1/f’). validate our index balance, we tested for differences 10-month-old infants ( n = 22) without 27) neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a condition thought inhibition. then larger heterogeneous longitudinal cohort family history neurodevelopmental conditions 150) who had been followed childhood. relevance modifier, executive attention, assessing whether associations between 10-month 36-month traits were moderated 24-month attention. Analyses adjusted age at EEG assessment, sex number trials. Results Infants NF1 higher exponent, indicative greater inhibition, supporting infant measure E/I. Longitudinal analyses showed significant interaction such exponents predicted childhood, but only weaker functioning abilities. Limitations The current study relied on parent report functioning-type abilities; future work required replicate effects objective measures cognition. Conclusions suggest are developmental pathway outcomes, abilities may buffer impact atypicalities, consistent proposals stronger modify wide range factors.

Language: Английский

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Spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity as robust markers of brain states during sleep and wakefulness

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 10, 2022

Abstract Spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity are affected in many neurophysiological disorders modulated by sleep, anesthesia, aging. Yet, few studies have explored the relationship between these two parameters. We evaluated impact of sleep stage task-engagement (resting, attention memory) on spectral a narrow- (30 – 45Hz) broadband (1 frequency range 28 healthy males (21.54 ± 1.90 years) over three recordings. Only range, steepens decreases continuously from wakefulness to N3. However, REM is best discriminated narrowband slope. Importantly, also differentiate tasks during wakefulness. While across tasks, flattening with task engagement both ranges. In general, strongly positively correlated, but we observe dissociation them range. Critically, only associated better Go/Nogo performance. Our results demonstrate that powerful indices depth, cognitive suited discriminate brain states, especially unique marker

Language: Английский

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The role of aperiodic spectral slope in event-related potentials and cognition among children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 128(6), P. 1546 - 1554

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Aperiodic spectral slope is a measure of spontaneous neural oscillatory activity that believed to support regulation brain responses environmental stimuli. Compared typically developing (TD) control participants, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been shown flatter aperiodic at rest as well attenuated event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes in response A small body research suggests may also explain differences behavioral responses. In this study, we examine associations between prestimulus slope, stimulus characteristics, demands, and these Furthermore, evaluate whether ADHD diagnostic status moderates associations. Seventy-nine 27 TD school-age completed two visual ERP experiments predictable alternating presentations task-relevant task-irrelevant was extracted from time windows. Prestimulus steeper for the relative group, driven by rather than For both groups, during task lower cognitive demand before trials which they responded correctly. did not mediate association diagnosis P300 amplitude. The dynamic changes anticipation varying categories performance. amplitude reflect distinct processes. Background oscillations, captured via should be included etiological models ADHD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study constitutes first investigation three aspects neurocognition: amplitudes, load, We find background dynamic, shifting levels relevance increasing load. Moreover, report ERPs constitute neurophysiological Children show reduced dynamics addition amplitudes.

Language: Английский

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The Oregon ADHD-1000: A new longitudinal data resource enriched for clinical cases and multiple levels of analysis

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 101222 - 101222

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

The fields of developmental psychopathology, neuroscience, and behavioral genetics are increasingly moving toward a data sharing model to improve reproducibility, robustness, generalizability findings. This approach is particularly critical for understanding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which has unique public health importance given its early onset, high prevalence, individual variability, causal association with co-occurring later developing problems. A further priority concerns multi-disciplinary/multi-method datasets that can span different units analysis. Here, we describe dataset using case-control design ADHD includes: multi-method, multi-measure, multi-informant, multi-trait data, multi-clinician evaluation phenotyping. It spans > 12 years annual follow-up lag longitudinal allowing age-based analyses spanning age 7-19 + full range from 7 21. Measures genetic epigenetic (DNA methylation) array data; EEG, functional structural MRI neuroimaging; psychophysiological, psychosocial, clinical outcomes data. resource also benefits an autism spectrum add-on cohort cross sectional geographical region replication generalizability. Datasets integration genes nervous system behavior represent the "next generation" researchable cohorts psychopathology.

Language: Английский

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Neurophysiological avenues to better conceptualizing adaptive cognition

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: May 24, 2024

We delve into the human brain's remarkable capacity for adaptability and sustained cognitive functioning, phenomena traditionally encompassed as executive functions or control. The neural underpinnings that enable seamless navigation between transient thoughts without detracting from overarching goals form core of our article. discuss concept "metacontrol," which builds upon conventional control theories by proposing a dynamic balancing processes depending on situational demands. critically role oscillatory in electrophysiological activity at different scales importance desynchronization partial phase synchronization supporting adaptive behavior including noise accounts, dynamics, phase-based measures (coordination dynamics) mass modelling. focused neurophysiological avenues outlined are integral to understanding diverse psychiatric disorders thereby contributing more nuanced comprehension its bases both health disease.

Language: Английский

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