eNeuro,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
7(3), P. ENEURO.0066 - 20.2020
Published: April 29, 2020
Abstract
Peripheral
nerves
provide
a
supportive
growth
environment
for
developing
and
regenerating
axons
are
essential
maintenance
repair
of
many
non-neural
tissues.
This
capacity
has
largely
been
ascribed
to
paracrine
factors
secreted
by
nerve-resident
Schwann
cells.
Here,
we
used
single-cell
transcriptional
profiling
identify
ligands
made
different
injured
rodent
nerve
cell
types
have
combined
this
with
cell-surface
mass
spectrometry
computationally
model
potential
interactions
peripheral
neurons.
These
analyses
show
that
make
predicted
act
on
CNS
neurons,
including
known
previously
uncharacterized
ligands.
While
cells
an
important
ligand
source
within
nerves,
more
than
half
the
mesenchymal
cells,
endoneurial
most
closely
associated
axons.
At
least
three
these
ligands,
ANGPT1,
CCL11,
VEGFC,
promote
when
locally
applied
sympathetic
data
therefore
unexpected
role
suggest
multiple
contribute
creating
highly
pro-growth
Developmental Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2011,
Volume and Issue:
71(11), P. 1073 - 1089
Published: Sept. 2, 2011
A
perineuronal
net
(PNN)
is
a
layer
of
lattice-like
matrix
which
enwraps
the
surface
soma
and
dendrites,
in
some
cases
axon
initial
segments,
sub-populations
neurons
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
First
reported
by
Camillo
Golgi
more
than
century
ago,
molecular
structure
potential
role
this
have
only
been
unraveled
last
few
decades.
PNNs
are
mainly
composed
hyaluronan,
chondroitin
sulfate
proteoglycans,
link
proteins,
tenascin
R.
The
interactions
between
these
molecules
allow
formation
stable
pericellular
complex
surrounding
synapses
on
neuronal
surface.
appear
late
development
co-incident
with
closure
critical
periods
for
plasticity.
They
play
direct
control
CNS
plasticity,
their
removal
one
way
plasticity
can
be
re-activated
adult
CNS.
In
review,
we
examine
components
PNNs,
maturation
synaptic
after
injury,
possible
mechanisms
PNN
action.
Developmental Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2011,
Volume and Issue:
71(11), P. 901 - 923
Published: June 30, 2011
Developing
neurons
use
a
combination
of
guidance
cues
to
assemble
functional
neural
network.
A
variety
proteins
immobilized
within
the
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
provide
specific
binding
sites
for
integrin
receptors
on
neurons.
Integrin
growth
cones
associate
with
number
cytosolic
adaptor
and
signaling
that
regulate
cytoskeletal
dynamics
cell
adhesion.
Recent
evidence
suggests
soluble
factors
classic
axon
may
direct
pathfinding
by
controlling
integrin-based
Moreover,
because
themselves
are
ECM
integrins
modulate
cellular
responses
many
cues,
interactions
between
activated
signals
Ultimately,
control
outgrowth
behaviors
integrating
distinct
biochemical
promote
proper
assembly
nervous
system.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
our
current
understanding
how
their
associated
network
formation.
The Journal of Dermatology,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
41(3), P. 205 - 212
Published: March 1, 2014
Abstract
Nerve
density
in
the
epidermis
is
partly
involved
itch
sensitization
pruritic
skin
diseases,
such
as
atopic
dermatitis
(
AD
).
Epidermal
innervation
thought
to
be
regulated
by
balance
between
nerve
elongation
factors
(e.g.
growth
factor)
and
repulsion
semaphorin
3
A
Semaphorin
S
ema3
)
has
been
shown
inhibit
factor
NGF
)‐induced
sprouting
of
sensory
nerves,
epidermal
levels
are
lower
patients,
concomitant
with
an
increase
density.
In
addition,
treatment
anti‐
,
replacement,
several
existing
treatments,
ultraviolet‐based
therapies,
normalized
hyperinnervation
resulting
suppression
itching.
This
review
expands
knowledge
regarding
potential
therapeutic
strategies
for
ameliorating
intractable
pruritus
.
Biomaterials Science,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
4(9), P. 1276 - 1290
Published: Jan. 1, 2016
Engineering
complex
tissues
for
research
and
clinical
applications
relies
on
high-performance
biomaterials
that
are
amenable
to
biofabrication,
maintain
mechanical
integrity,
support
specific
cell
behaviours,
and,
ultimately,
biodegrade.
In
most
cases,
will
need
be
fabricated
from
not
one,
but
many
biomaterials,
which
collectively
fulfill
these
demanding
requirements.
Gellan
gum
is
an
anionic
polysaccharide
with
potential
fill
several
key
roles
in
engineered
tissues,
particularly
after
modification
blending.
This
review
focuses
the
present
state
of
into
gellan
gum,
its
origins,
purification
modification,
through
processing
biofabrication
options,
performance
as
a
scaffold
both
soft
tissue
load
bearing
applications.
Overall,
we
find
highly
versatile
backbone
material
engineering
research,
upon
broad
array
form
functionality
can
built.
Experimental Eye Research,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
133, P. 3 - 18
Published: March 27, 2015
The
interphotoreceptor
matrix
(IPM)
is
a
highly
organized
structure
with
interconnected
domains
surrounding
cone
and
rod
photoreceptor
cells
extends
throughout
the
subretinal
space.
Based
on
known
roles
of
extracellular
in
other
tissues,
IPM
thought
to
have
several
prominent
functions
including
serving
as
receptor
for
growth
factors,
regulating
retinoid
transport,
participating
cytoskeletal
organization
cells,
regulation
oxygen
nutrient
transport.
In
addition,
number
studies
suggest
that
also
may
play
significant
role
etiology
retinal
degenerative
disorders.
this
review,
we
describe
present
knowledge
concerning
function
under
physiological
pathological
conditions.
Neural Plasticity,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
2016, P. 1 - 14
Published: Jan. 1, 2016
Synapses
are
specialized
structures
that
mediate
rapid
and
efficient
signal
transmission
between
neurons
surrounded
by
glial
cells.
Astrocytes
develop
an
intimate
association
with
synapses
in
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
contribute
to
regulation
of
ion
neurotransmitter
concentrations.
Together
neurons,
they
shape
intercellular
space
provide
a
stable
milieu
for
neuronal
activity.
Extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
components
synthesized
both
astrocytes
play
important
role
formation,
maintenance,
function
CNS.
The
ECM
have
been
detected
near
processes,
which
abut
onto
CNS
synaptic
unit,
where
part
macromolecular
assemblies,
termed
perineuronal
nets
(PNNs).
PNNs
originally
discovered
Golgi
represent
molecular
scaffold
deposited
interface
astrocyte
subsets
vicinity
synapse.
Recent
reports
strongly
suggest
tightly
involved
plasticity.
Moreover,
several
studies
implicated
neural
neuropsychiatric
diseases.
Here,
we
highlight
current
concepts
relating
describe
vitro
approach
allows
investigation
functions
synaptogenesis.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
7(23)
Published: Sept. 10, 2018
Abstract
Repair
of
peripheral
nerve
injuries
depends
upon
complex
biology
stemming
from
the
manifold
and
challenging
injury‐healing
processes
nervous
system.
While
surgical
treatment
options
are
available,
they
tend
to
be
characterized
by
poor
clinical
outcomes
for
injured
patients.
This
is
particularly
apparent
in
management
a
gap
whereby
autograft
remains
best
option
despite
numerous
limitations;
addition,
effective
repair
becomes
progressively
more
difficult
with
larger
gaps.
Nerve
conduit
strategies
based
on
tissue
engineering
approaches
use
silk
as
scaffolding
material
have
attracted
much
attention
recent
years
overcome
these
limitations
meet
demand
large
repair.
review
examines
scientific
advances
made
silk‐based
conduits
The
focus
enhancing
bioactivity
terms
physical
guidance
cues,
inner
wall
lumen
modification,
imbuing
novel
conductive
functionalities.
