Climate and human water use diminish wetland networks supporting continental waterbird migration

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 2042 - 2059

Published: Jan. 22, 2020

Migrating waterbirds moving between upper and lower latitudinal breeding wintering grounds rely on a limited network of endorheic lakes wetlands when crossing arid continental interiors. Recent drying global water stores raises concerns over deteriorating migratory pathways, yet few studies have considered these effects at the scale flyways. Here, we investigate resiliency waterbird migration networks across western North America by reconstructing long-term patterns (1984-2018) terminal lake wetland surface area in 26 watersheds. Findings were partitioned regionally snowmelt- monsoon-driven hydrologies combined with climate human water-use data to determine their importance predicting trends. Nonlinear apparent along flyway gradients. Pervasive declines prevalent northern snowmelt watersheds (lakes -27%, -47%) while largely stable monsoonal south -13%, +8%). Monsoonal represented smaller proportion total area, but distribution frequency change within highly regions increased value waterbirds. Irrigated agriculture increasing evaporative demands most important drivers declines. Underlying agricultural relationships however more complex. Approximately 7% irrigated lands linked flood irrigation storage practices supported 61% all inundation In watersheds, small earthen dams, meant capture runoff for livestock watering, major component resources (67%) that isolated surrounding lakes. Ecological trends impacts identified herein underscore assessing flyway-scale as our model depictions likely reflect new emerging bottlenecks migration.

Language: Английский

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Animal migration in the Anthropocene: threats and mitigation options

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1242 - 1260

Published: March 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Animal migration has fascinated scientists and the public alike for centuries, yet migratory animals are facing diverse threats that could lead to their demise. The Anthropocene is characterised by reality humans dominant force on Earth, having manifold negative effects biodiversity ecosystem function. Considerable research focus been given assessing anthropogenic impacts numerical abundance of species/populations, whereas relatively less attention devoted animal migration. However, there clear linkages, example, where human‐driven behaviour can population/species declines or even extinction. Here, we explore (in all domains – aquatic, terrestrial, aerial) using International Union Conservation Nature (IUCN) Threat Taxonomy classifications. We reveal (e.g. human development, disease, invasive species, climate change, exploitation, pollution) impact wildlife in varied ways spanning taxa, life stages type from direct mortality changes behaviour, health, physiology). Notably, these often interact complex unpredictable detriment wildlife, further complicating management. Fortunately, beginning identify strategies conserving managing Anthropocene. provide a set that, if embraced, have potential ensure animals, important ecological functions sustained migration, persist.

Language: Английский

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A network approach to prioritize conservation efforts for migratory birds

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 416 - 426

Published: July 3, 2019

Habitat loss can trigger migration network collapse by isolating migratory bird breeding grounds from nonbreeding grounds. Theoretically, habitat have vastly different impacts depending on the site's importance within corridor. However, migration-network connectivity and of site are not completely understood. We used GPS tracking data 4 species in Asian flyways to construct networks proposed a framework for assessing species. node-removal process identify stopover sites with highest impact connectivity. In general, fewer were more vulnerable loss. Node removal order lowest degree yielded an increase resistance similar random removal. contrast, increased rapidly when removing nodes betweenness value (quantified number shortest paths passing through specific node). quantified risk identified crucial first selecting large contributions then identifying which those likely be removed (i.e., loss). Among these sites, 42% designated as protected areas. Setting priorities protection should account position network, rather than only site-specific characteristics. Our enables prioritization conservation species.Un Enfoque de Redes para Priorizar los Esfuerzos Conservación las Aves Migratorias Resumen La pérdida del hábitat puede disparar el colapso redes migración al aislar sitios reproducción aves migratorias aquellos que no se usan la reproducción. En teoría, tener impactos muy diferentes dependiendo importancia sitio dentro corredor migratorio. Sin embargo, conectividad entre y están todo comprendidos. Usamos datos seguimiento por cuatro especies en rutas vuelo Asia construir propusimos un marco trabajo evaluar migratorias. proceso extracción nodos identificar escala con mayor impacto sobre conectividad. menos fueron más vulnerables hábitat. orden grado alto bajo resultó incremento resistencia red azar. Al contrario, incrementó rápidamente cuando fue valor intermediación (cuantificado número caminos cortos pasan nodo específico). Cuantificamos riesgo e identificamos cruciales seleccionar primero mayores contribuciones después cuáles esos tenían probabilidad ser removidos (es decir, hábitat). Entre estos cruciales, estaban designados como áreas protegidas. El establecimiento prioridades protección debería considerar posición migración, lugar sólo características específicas sitio. Nuestro evaluación permite priorización conservación migratorias.栖息地丧失导致的迁徙鸟类繁殖地和非繁殖地隔离会引发迁徙网络的瓦解。理论上, 取决于该栖息地在迁徙廊道里的重要性, 不同栖息地节点的丧失会对迁徙网络造成不同的影响, 但目前对迁徙网络连通性以及栖息地丧失对迁徙网络影响的理解还不完善。本研究基于亚洲迁徙路线上4 种迁徙鸟类物种的 追踪数据, 分别构建了迁徙网络并提出了衡量迁徙物种迁徙网络连通性的方法体系。我们使用节点去除法来确定高重要性中途停歇地。具有较少停歇地的迁徙网络通常受栖息地丧失的威胁更严重。我们发现, 依据栖息地丧失程度由高到低的顺序去除栖息地, 迁徙网络阻力的增加趋势与随机去除栖息地结果基本一致。而如果依据栖息地节点的中间值 (表征通过该节点的最短路径数量) 由高到低的顺序去除栖息地节点, 迁徙阻力则呈现快速上升。我们量化了迁徙网络瓦解的风险并基于栖息地节点对迁徙网络连通性的贡献和节点的脆弱性 (栖息地退化程度) 识别了关键栖息地。其中 的关键栖息地处于非保护地状态。我们建议设定栖息地优先保护级别时需要考虑该栖息地在迁徙网络中的位置和作用, 而不是仅依据该栖息地的本身特征。本研究提出的栖息地网络连通性评价体系为迁徙物种栖息地优先保护提供了重要理论和方法依据。.

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Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important. Processes in the Antarctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and directly influence global atmospheric oceanic systems. biogeochemistry has also been shown to have importance. In contrast, ocean ecological processes often seen as largely separate from rest of system. this paper, we consider degree connectivity at different trophic levels, linking with ocean, their importance not only for regional ecosystem but wider Earth We human system connections, including role supporting society, culture, economy many nations, influencing public political views hence policy. Rather than being defined by barriers particular fronts, changes gradual due cross-front exchanges involving oceanographic organism movement. Millions seabirds hundreds thousands cetaceans move north out polar waters austral autumn interacting food webs across Hemisphere, a few species cross equator. A number migrate into east west ocean-basin boundary current continental shelf regions major southern continents. Human travel region includes fisheries, tourism, scientific vessels all sectors. These operations arise particularly Northern important local communities well national economic, scientific, activities. As result extensive connectivity, future will consequences throughout system, affecting services socio-economic impacts world. The high level means that policy decisions marine outside south Polar Front. Knowledge is critical interpreting change, projecting change impacts, identifying integrated strategies conserving managing both broader

Language: Английский

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Beyond refueling: Investigating the diversity of functions of migratory stopover events

Ornithological Applications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 123(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Abstract Stopovers comprise a significant proportion of the time that many birds spend migrating, and researchers have long relied on these events to define classify broader migratory strategies. Analyses stopovers often assume individuals stop primarily or exclusively in order replenish energy stores, but other non-fueling behaviors also been described during stopover can influence incidence duration. Here, we discuss growing demand for understanding restoring inherent behavioral complexity events. We begin by describing how light-weight tracking technologies allow follow along their entire journeys, capturing controvert traditional stop–refuel–resume paradigm. then 5 well-identified behaviors—recovering, sleeping, waiting, information gathering, social interactions—and examine including alter interpretations individual movement paths. Finally, outline emerging directions identifying look larger implications population management site conservation flyways.

Language: Английский

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Domain‐specific neural networks improve automated bird sound recognition already with small amount of local data

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 2799 - 2810

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Abstract An automatic bird sound recognition system is a useful tool for collecting data of different species ecological analysis. Together with autonomous recording units (ARUs), such provides possibility to collect observations on scale that no human observer could ever match. During the last decades, progress has been made in field recognition, but recognizing from untargeted soundscape recordings remains challenge. In this article, we demonstrate workflow building global identification model and adjusting it perform well recorders specific region. We show how augmentation combination local can be used train convolutional neural network classify vocalizations 101 species. construct set obtain base model. The then fine‐tuned Southern Finland order adapt environment location tested two sets: one originating same Finnish region another German Alps. Our results suggest fine‐tuning significantly improves performance. Classification accuracy was improved test area as training (Southern Finland) not (German Alps). Data enables limited number even few samples significant improvement over achieved. outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art classification. Using adjust target domain leads general non‐tailored solutions. process introduced article applied build classification environment.

Language: Английский

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The importance of wetland habitat area for waterbird species‐richness

Ibis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165(3), P. 739 - 752

Published: April 3, 2023

The area of habitat patches is a significant factor when determining species‐richness in any given habitat. However, this effect not the same for every taxonomic group and can change if considered together with other variables. main objective study was to identify importance wetland waterbird it conjunction Studies published Scopus Web Science databases marine/coastal inland wetlands were reviewed. A vote‐counting approach conducted evaluate how many studies include as major variable, meta‐analysis performed measure size relationship between species‐richness. Area predictor most (28 40 studies, 70%) assessed by approach, mean high ( r = 0.81, n 1 studies) meta‐analysis. Few reported shape species‐richness, but positive correlation. Although species–area widely recognized, our review shows that an important proportion (30%) also found variables they area. Consequently, case wetlands, should be conservation, only management restoration conserve biodiversity improving

Language: Английский

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Spatially heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology induced by climate change threaten the integrity of the avian migration network

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Phenological responses to climate change frequently vary among trophic levels, which can result in increasing asynchrony between the peak energy requirements of consumers and availability resources. Migratory birds use multiple habitats with seasonal food resources along migration flyways. Spatially heterogeneous could cause phenology flyway become desynchronized. Such shifts pose a challenge migratory by reducing their opportunity for path consequently influencing survival reproduction. We develop novel graph-based approach quantify this problem deploy it evaluate condition vegetation 16 herbivorous waterfowl species Asia. show that change-induced 12% loss network integrity on average across all study species. Species winter at relatively lower latitudes are subjected higher network. These findings highlight susceptibility change. Our proposed methodological framework be applied general yield an accurate assessment exposure under help identify actions biodiversity conservation face climate-related risks.

Language: Английский

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Current national nature reserves are insufficient to safeguard the long-term survival of birds and mammals in China

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: June 7, 2024

Abstract Enhancing the connectivity of protected areas is a global consensus for conserving biodiversity. Yet, it unclear whether habitats are sufficiently connected within to efficiently protect wildlife populations long-term survival. Here we show that, in general, China’s national nature reserves can effectively about one-half bird and mammal However, they only 25% birds 13% terrestrial mammals with high motility. Areas low conservation effectiveness highly overlapped small size intensity human activity. Artificial landscapes (arable land built-up land), which account less than 2% area areas, disproportionately cause nearly 40% loss. The results suggest that maintaining levels functional as important or networks. Our findings have implications improving management China beyond.

Language: Английский

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Study on the rare waterbird habitat networks of a new UNESCO World Natural Heritage site based on scenario simulation

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 843, P. 157058 - 157058

Published: July 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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