Decoupled Nutrient Status: a framework to disentangle host from microbial responses to diets that vary in digestibility DOI Creative Commons
Emily M. Venable, Rachel N. Carmody

Frontiers in Food Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

Diet shapes the gut microbiome, which in turn influences host phenotype. Accordingly, there is much interest leveraging diet to modulate microbial communities and biology. However, recent approaches have not fully appreciated that hosts microbes experience differently. Whether dietary nutrients reach microbiota, primarily resides colon humans other hindgut fermenters, depends on nutrient absorption small intestine. That utilize fraction of escapes host-driven digestion creates a paradigm where status decoupled from, often negatively correlated with, microbiota status. Here, we present framework based this concept (DNS), can be used understand distinct phenotypes are ultimately mediated by intestinal digestibility diet. We evaluate our against existing research employing diets varying demonstrate convergence signatures across studies. Further, highlight predicted DNS manifest most strongly living industrialized lifestyles captive animals habitually consume with high digestibility. posit evolutionary decoupling nutritional between their has likely been especially pronounced due intensified pursuit calorie-rich, easy-to-digest diets. conclude proposing future directions better capture as it appears microbes, perspective deliver new understanding diet-microbiome interactions.

Language: Английский

Maternal behaviors influence survival of ungulate neonates under heavy predation risk DOI Creative Commons

Michael Muthersbaugh,

Wesley W. Boone, Elizabeth A. Saldo

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Predators impose top‐down forces on prey populations, with the strength of those effects often varying over space and time among demographic groups. In ungulates, predation risk is typically greatest for neonatal offspring, some suggesting that predators can key in adult activity to locate hidden neonates. However, few field studies date have been able directly assess influence maternal care ungulate neonate survival. Using a population white‐tailed deer under heavy coyote pressure, we tested dispersion hypothesis, which suggests temporally spatially attenuates neonates during this vulnerable altricial phase. We compared support hypothesis more commonly hypotheses regarding habitat conditions intrinsic factors Fawn survival 16 weeks was 27.7%, coyotes accounting 59% fawn mortalities. our temporal diffusion found decreased as visits (proportionally) occurred at night. The only other significant ( p < .1) predictor birth timing, decreasing season progressed. Given declined proportion nighttime increased, wild pig presence human disturbance push doe toward nocturnal hours, additional research needed determine whether managing decrease mortality. More broadly, given importance recruitment dynamics, finding opens potentially important new line inquiry how behaviors large animal predator–prey ecology.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Pathology and parasitology of free-ranging coyotes from Tennessee and South Carolina DOI Creative Commons
Eliza Baker, Michelle M. Dennis, Debra L. Miller

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0318645 - e0318645

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Coyotes are exposed to many parasites and pathogens of veterinary zoonotic concern. To assess the prevalence diseases caused by these microbes, we opportunistically obtained coyote samples from a variety sources including GPS collaring study, rabies testing facilities, wildlife resources agents, road-side mortalities. We performed necropsies, serological testing, fecal flotations, molecular analyses on coyotes Tennessee South Carolina. Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) infected 46% (41/89) was associated with eosinophilic alveolitis arteritis. Paragonimus kellicotti, lung fluke, found in 24% (17/71) coyotes, one extrapulmonary infection affecting liver lymph nodes. Trichinella spp., nematode, present 17% (12/71) but not muscular inflammation. Sarcoptes scabiei, causative agent sarcoptic mange, detected coyote. Most (86% [90/105]) were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii, while 8.5% (9/106) Trypanosoma cruzi, an emerging zoonotic, vector-borne parasite. This study demonstrated that commonly numerous affect people pets excellent sentinels diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Survey for Babesia spp. in wildlife in the eastern United States DOI Creative Commons
Eliza Baker, Michelle M. Dennis, Alex J. Jensen

et al.

International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25, P. 101015 - 101015

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

is a diverse genus of piroplasms that parasitize the red blood cells wide variety mammals and avian species, including humans. There lack knowledge on

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Decoupled Nutrient Status: a framework to disentangle host from microbial responses to diets that vary in digestibility DOI Creative Commons
Emily M. Venable, Rachel N. Carmody

Frontiers in Food Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

Diet shapes the gut microbiome, which in turn influences host phenotype. Accordingly, there is much interest leveraging diet to modulate microbial communities and biology. However, recent approaches have not fully appreciated that hosts microbes experience differently. Whether dietary nutrients reach microbiota, primarily resides colon humans other hindgut fermenters, depends on nutrient absorption small intestine. That utilize fraction of escapes host-driven digestion creates a paradigm where status decoupled from, often negatively correlated with, microbiota status. Here, we present framework based this concept (DNS), can be used understand distinct phenotypes are ultimately mediated by intestinal digestibility diet. We evaluate our against existing research employing diets varying demonstrate convergence signatures across studies. Further, highlight predicted DNS manifest most strongly living industrialized lifestyles captive animals habitually consume with high digestibility. posit evolutionary decoupling nutritional between their has likely been especially pronounced due intensified pursuit calorie-rich, easy-to-digest diets. conclude proposing future directions better capture as it appears microbes, perspective deliver new understanding diet-microbiome interactions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0