No-cost meals might not exist for insects feeding on toxic plants DOI Creative Commons
Prayan Pokharel

Biology Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6)

Published: June 14, 2023

ABSTRACT Plants produce chemicals (or plant specialised/secondary metabolites, PSM) to protect themselves against various biological antagonists. Herbivorous insects use plants in two ways: as a food source and defence source. Insects can detoxify sequester PSMs their bodies mechanism predators pathogens. Here, I review the literature on cost of PSM detoxification sequestration insects. argue that no-cost meals might not exist for feeding toxic suggest potential costs could be detected an ecophysiological framework.

Language: Английский

Sexual differences in defensive strategies: investigating chemical defences and visual signals in a wasp moth Amata nigriceps DOI Creative Commons
Georgina E. Binns, Liisa Hämäläinen, Hannah M. Rowland

et al.

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Aposematic animals use conspicuous warning signals to advertise their chemical defences predators. Selection by predators can favour conspicuousness and large pattern elements, which enhance predator avoidance learning. In aposematic species, often varies among individuals. This variation be explained if reflects the levels of defences, signal production or defence acquisition is costly, physiological trade-offs opposing selection pressures impose constraints. To understand link between we need quantify variability in identify compounds involved. Here, examined composition red-necked wasp moth ( Amata nigriceps ). We photographed wings abdomens male female moths analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Females displayed more orange on wings, a trait known protection against While ruled out presence pyrrolizidine alkaloids adult moths, an untargeted metabolomics approach suggests that they sequester other compounds, such as steroidal alkylbenzenes, may serve defences. had higher concentrations these than males but ecotoxicology assays with Daphnia showed exhibited similar toxicity.

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Antioxidant availability trades off with warning signals and toxin sequestration in the large milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus) DOI Creative Commons
H. Cecilia Heyworth, Prayan Pokharel, Jonathan D. Blount

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4)

Published: April 1, 2023

In some aposematic species the conspicuousness of an individual's warning signal and concentration its chemical defense are positively correlated. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including resource allocation trade-offs where same limiting is needed produce both defense. Here, large milkweed bug (

Language: Английский

Citations

6

Differential accumulation of cardenolides from Asclepias curassavica by large milkweed bugs does not correspond to availability in seeds or biological activity on the bug Na+/K+-ATPase DOI Creative Commons
Paola Rubiano-Buitrago, Shrikant Pradhan, Veit Grabe

et al.

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 8, 2023

Milkweed–herbivore systems are characterized by cardenolide chemical defenses and specialized herbivore adaptations such as physiological target site insensitivity. Cardenolide in milkweeds can vary terms of the total concentration, differences polarity individual cardenolides, substitution steroidal structures that contribute to molecule's reactivity. The variability could represent plant's response natural selection adaptation resistant herbivores is a characteristic phenotype-matching between defensive offensive traits resulting from coevolution. Here, we test phenotypic match composition seeds Asclepias curassavica those sequestered nymphs adults seed Oncopeltus fasciatus , combined with tests inhibitory capacity subset cardenolides against Na + /K -ATPase O. non-adapted insect ( Drosophila melanogaster ). We compare this highly sensitive porcine -ATPase. Among five most abundant present milkweed seeds, glucopyranosyl frugoside, gofruside, calotropin were significantly more than nymphs; bugs contained higher concentrations deglucosylated compounds. compound, was also for but tolerant all compounds compared D. enzyme. Our results add evidence sequesters specific its host plants not directly linked concentration potency.

Language: Английский

Citations

4

Cardenolides in the defensive fluid of adult large milkweed bugs have differential potency on vertebrate and invertebrate predator Na + /K + -ATPases DOI Creative Commons
Paola Rubiano-Buitrago,

S. Pradhan,

A. A. Aceves

et al.

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Aposematic animals rely on diverse secondary metabolites for defence. Various hypotheses, such as competition, life history and multifunctionality, have been posited to explain defence variability diversity. We investigate the compound selectivity hypothesis using large milkweed bugs, Oncopeltus fasciatus , determine if distinct cardenolides vary in toxicity different predators. quantify bug’s defensive secretions body tissues test individual compounds against predator target sites, Na + /K -ATPases, that are predicted differ sensitivity. Frugoside, gofruside, glucopyranosyl frugoside gofruside were dominant of insects, whereas two monoglycosidic cardenolides—frugoside gofruside—were most abundant fluid. These highly toxic (IC 50 < 1 μM) an invertebrate a sensitive vertebrate enzyme, comparison glucosylated compounds. Gofruside was weakest inhibitor putatively resistant predator. Glucopyranosyl calotropin, found only 60% also effective enzymes. Our results suggest sequestered by O. probably provide consistency protection range predators underscore need consider communities prey evolution.

Language: Английский

Citations

1

Honest signalling in predator-prey interactions: testing the resource allocation hypothesis DOI Creative Commons
Emily Burdfield‐Steel, Cristina Ottocento, Miriam Furlanetto

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Abstract Warning signals are honest if they reliably deliver information about prey unprofitability to predators. One potential mechanism that may create and maintain a positive relationship between the strength of defence is resource allocation these costly traits. Here, we test this hypothesis using wood tiger moth Arctia plantagini s, whose females’ red hindwings warning signal predators but show considerable variation in colouration within populations. These moths also produce defensive chemical known influence avian predator attack risk. Using dietary manipulations, image analyses, experiments with ecologically relevant demonstrate protein availability during development can both primary secondary defence. Our results females raised on high-protein or ad libitum natural diet produced more distasteful fluids than those low-protein subjected periodic food deprivation. While patterning was unaffected by deprivation, its efficacy diminished diet. However, change imperceptible Critically, influenced defence: displayed correlation unpalatability, whereas absent findings weaken reliability as an indicator individual’s capabilities, highlighting complex interplay ecological conditions evolution signalling.

Language: Английский

Citations

0

No-cost meals might not exist for insects feeding on toxic plants DOI Creative Commons
Prayan Pokharel

Biology Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6)

Published: June 14, 2023

ABSTRACT Plants produce chemicals (or plant specialised/secondary metabolites, PSM) to protect themselves against various biological antagonists. Herbivorous insects use plants in two ways: as a food source and defence source. Insects can detoxify sequester PSMs their bodies mechanism predators pathogens. Here, I review the literature on cost of PSM detoxification sequestration insects. argue that no-cost meals might not exist for feeding toxic suggest potential costs could be detected an ecophysiological framework.

Language: Английский

Citations

0